Full file at https://testbanku.

eu/

Solution Manual for Essentials of Business Analytics 2nd Edition by Camm

Complete downloadable file at:
https://testbanku.eu/Solution-Manual-for-Essentials-of-Business-Analytics-2nd-Edition-by-Camm

Solutions:

1. a. Quantitative

b. Categorical

c. Categorical

d. Quantitative

e. Categorical

2. a. The top 10 countries according to GDP are listed below.

Country Continent GDP (millions of US$)
 United States North America 15,094,025
 China Asia 7,298,147
 Japan Asia 5,869,471
 Germany Europe 3,577,031
 France Europe 2,776,324
 Brazil South America 2,492,908
 United Kingdom Europe 2,417,570
 Italy Europe 2,198,730
 Russia Asia 1,850,401
 Canada North America 1,736,869

b. The top 5 countries by GDP located in Africa are listed below.

Country Continent GDP (millions of US$)
 South Africa Africa 408,074
 Nigeria Africa 238,920
 Egypt Africa 235,719
 Algeria Africa 190,709
 Angola Africa 100,948

3. a. The sorted list of carriers appears below.

Previous Year Current Year

On-time On-time
Carrier Percentage Percentage
Blue Box Shipping 88.4% 94.8%
Cheetah LLC 89.3% 91.8%
Smith Logistics 84.3% 88.7%
Granite State Carriers 81.8% 87.6%

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Super Freight 92.1% 86.8%

Minuteman Company 91.0% 84.2%
Jones Brothers 68.9% 82.8%
Honsin Limited 74.2% 80.1%
Rapid Response 78.8% 70.9%

Blue Box Shipping is providingthe best on-time service in the current year. Rapid Response is
providing the worst on-time service in the current year.

b. The output from Excel with conditional formatting appears below.

c. The output from Excel containing data bars appears below.

d. The top 4 shippers based on current year on-time percentage (Blue Box Shipping, Cheetah LLC,
Smith Logistics, and Granite State Carriers) all have positive increases from the previous year and
high on-time percentages. These are good candidates for carriers to use in the future.

4. a. The relative frequency of D is 1.0 – 0.22 – 0.18 – 0.40 = 0.20.

b. If the total sample size is 200 the frequency of D is 0.20*200 = 40.

c. and d.
Clas Frequenc
s Relative Frequency y % Frequency

A 0.22 44 22

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B 0.18 36 18

C 0.40 80 40

D 0.20 40 20

Total 1.0 200 100

5. a. These data are categorical.

b.
%
Sh Frequ Freque
ow ency ncy
Jep 9 18
JJ 8 16
BB
T 14 28
TH
M 6 12
W
oF 13 26
To
tal 50 100

c. The largest viewing audience is for The Big Bang Theory and the second largest is for Wheel of
Fortune.

6. a. Least = 12, Highest = 23

b.
Percen
t
Hours in Meetings Freque Freque
per Week ncy ncy
11-12 1 4%
13-14 2 8%
15-16 6 24%
17-18 3 12%
19-20 5 20%
21-22 4 16%
23-24 4 16%
25 100%

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c.

6
5

Fequency
4

2
1

0
11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24
Hours per Week in Meetings

The distribution is slightly skewed to the left.

7. a.
Industry Frequency % Frequency
Bank 26 13%
Cable 44 22%
Car 42 21%
Cell 60 30%
Collection 28 14%
Total 200 100%

b. The cellular phone providers had the highest number of complaints.

c. The percentage frequency distribution shows that the two financial industries (banks and collection
agencies) had about the same number of complaints. Also, new car dealers and cable and satellite
television companies also had about the same number of complaints.

8. a.
Ideal
Living Area Live Now Community
32/100=32
City % 24/100=24%
26/100=26
Suburb % 25/100=25%
26/100=26
Small Town % 30/100=30%
16/100=16
Rural Area % 21/100=21%
Total 100% 100%

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Where do you live now?

35%

30%

25%

20%
Percent

15%

10%

5%

0%
City Suburb Small Town Rural Area
Living Area

What do you consider the ideal community?

35%

30%

25%

20%
Percent

15%

10%

5%

0%
City Suburb Small Town Rural Area
Ideal Community

b. Most adults are now living in a city (32%).

c. Most adults consider the ideal community a small town (30%).

d. Changes in percentages by living area: City –8%, Suburb –1%, Small Town +4%, and Rural Area
+5%.
Suburb living is steady, but the trend would be that living in the city would decline while
living in small towns and rural areas would increase.

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9. a.
Class Frequency
12-14 2
15-17 8
18-20 11
21-23 10
24-26 9
Total: 40

b.
Class Relative Frequency Percent Frequency
12-14 0.050 5.0%
15-17 0.200 20.0%
18-20 0.275 27.5%
21-23 0.250 25.0%
24-26 0.225 22.5%
Total: 1.000 100.0%

10.
Class Frequency Cumulative Frequency
10-19 10 10
20-29 14 24
30-39 17 41
40-49 7 48
50-59 2 50

11. a – d.
Cumula
tive
Relati Cumula Relativ
ve tive e
Cl Freque Freque Freque Frequen
ass ncy ncy ncy cy
0-4 4 0.20 4 0.20
5-9 8 0.40 12 0.60
10-
14 5 0.25 17 0.85
15-
19 2 0.10 19 0.95
20-
24 1 0.05 20 1.00
To
tal: 20 1.00

e. From the cumulative relative frequency distribution, 60% of customers wait 9 minutes or less.

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12. a.
Class Frequency
800-1000 1
1000-1200 3
1200-1400 6
1400-1600 10
1600-1800 7
1800-2000 2
2000-2200 1
2200-2400 0

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

b. The distribution is slightly skewed to the right.

c. The most common score for students is between 1400 and 1600. No student scored above 2200, and
only 3 students scored above 1800. Only 4 students scored below 1200.

10+20+12+17+16
13. a. Mean = =15 or use the Excel function AVERAGE.
5
To calculate the median, we arrange the data in ascending order:
10 12 16 17 20
Because we have n = 5 values which is an odd number, the median is the middle value which is 16
or use the Excel function MEDIAN.

b. Because the additional data point, 12, is lower than the mean and median computed in part a, we
expect the mean and median to decrease. Calculating the new mean and median gives us mean =
14.5 and median = 14.

14. Without Excel, to calculate the 20th percentile, we first arrange the data in ascending order:
15 20 25 25 27 28 30 34
p
The location of the pth percentile is given by the formula L p= (n+1)
100
20
For our date set, L20= ( 8+1 ) =1.8. Thus, the 20th percentile is 80% of the way between the
100
value in position 1 and the value in position 2. In other words, the 20th percentile is the value in

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position 1 (15) plus 0.80 time the difference between the value in position 2 (20) and position 1 (15).
Therefore, the 20th percentile is
15 + 0.80*(20-15) = 19.

We can repeat the steps above to calculate the 25th, 65th and 75th percentiles. Or using Excel, we
can use the function PERCENTILE.EXC to get:
25th percentile = 21.25
65th percentile = 27.85
75th percentile = 29.5

53+55+70+58+64 +57+53+69+57 +68+53

15. Mean = =59.727 or use the Excel function
11
AVERAGE.
To calculate the median arrange the values in ascending order
53 53 53 55 57 57 58 64 68 69 70
Because we have n = 11, an odd number of values, the median is the middle value which is 57 or use
the Excel function MEDIAN.
The mode is the most often occurring value which is 53 because 53 appears three times in the data
set, or use the Excel function MODE.SNGL because there is only a single mode in this data set.

16. To find the mean annual growth rate, we must use the geometric mean. First we note that

 x   x   x9    x   x2    x9  
500=5000  1 2 , so  1 =0.700
3
wherex1, x2, … are the growth factors for years, 1, 2, etc. through year 9.
n 9
Next, we calculate x́ g = ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ⋯( x n )=√ 0.70=0.961144 .
√
So the mean annual growth rate is (0.961144 – 1)100% = -0.38856%

17. For the Stivers mutual fund,

 x   x2    x8    x   x    x8  
18000=10000  1 , so  1 2 =1.8
wherex1, x2, … are the growth factors for years, 1, 2, etc. through year 8.
x  n  x1   x2    x8   8 1.80  1.07624
Next, we calculate g
So the mean annual return for the Stivers mutual fund is (1.07624 – 1)100 = 7.624%.

For the Trippi mutual fund we have:

 x1   x2   x8    x   x   x8  
10600=5000  , so  1 2 =2.12 and
xg  n  x1   x2    x8   8 2.12  1.09848
So the mean annual return for the Trippi mutual fund is (1.09848 – 1)100 = 9.848%.

While the Stivers mutual fund has generated a nice annual return of 7.6%, the annual return of 9.8%
earned by the Trippi mutual fund is far superior.

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Alternatively, we can use Excel and the function GEOMEAN as shown below:

a. Mean = ∑ xi 1291.5
18. i=1
= =26.906
n 48
b. To calculate the median, we first sort all 48 commute times in ascending order. Because there are an
even number of values (48), the median is between the 24th and 25th largest values. The 24th largest
value is 25.8 and the 25th largest value is 26.1.
(25.8 + 26.1)/2 = 25.95
Or we can use the Excel function MEDIAN.

c. The values 23.4 and 24.8 both appear three times in the data set, so these two values are the modes
of the commute times. To find this using Excel, we must use the MODE.MULT function.

d. Standard deviation = 4.6152. In Excel, we can find this value using the function STDEV.S.
Variance = 4.61522 = 21.2998.In Excel, we can find this value using the function VAR.S.

e. The third quartile is the 75th percentile of the data. To find the 75th percentile without Excel,

we first arrange the data in ascending order. Next we calculate

p 75
L p= ( n+ 1 )=L75= ( 48+1 ) = 36.75.
100 100
In other words, this value is 75% of the way between the 36th and 37th positions. However, in our
date the values in both the 36th and 37th positions are 28.5. Therefore, the 75th percentile is 28.5. Or
using Excel, we can use the function PERCENTILE.EXC.

19. a. The mean waiting time for patients with the wait-tracking system is 17.2 minutes and the median
waiting time is 13.5 minutes. The mean waiting time for patients without the wait-tracking system is
29.1 minutes and the median is 23.5 minutes.

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b. The standard deviation of waiting time for patients with the wait-tracking system is 9.28 and the
variance is 86.18. The standard deviation of waiting time for patients without the wait-tracking
system is 16.60 and the variance is 275.66.

c and d.

e. Wait times for patients with the wait-tracking system are substantiallyshorter than those for
patients without the wait-tracking system. However, some patients with the wait-tracking system still
experience long waits.

20. a. The median number of hours worked for science teachers is 54.

b. The median number of hours worked for English teachers is 47.

c.

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d.

e. The box plots show that science teachers spend more hours working per week than English teachers.
The box plot for science teachers also shows that most science teachers work about the same amount
of hours; in other words, there is less variability in the number of hours worked for science teachers.

21. a. Recall that the mean patient wait time without wait-time tracking is 29.1 and the standard deviation
37−29.1
of wait times is 16.6. Then the z-score is calculated as, z= =0.48.
16.6

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b. Recall that the mean patient wait time with wait-time tracking is 17.2 and the standard deviation of
37−17.2
wait times is 9.28. Then the z-score is calculated as, z= =2.13 .
9.28
As indicated by the positive z–scores, both patients had wait times that exceeded the means of their
respective samples. Even though the patients had the same wait time, the z–score for the sixth patient
in the sample who visited an office with a wait tracking system is much larger because that patient is
part of a sample with a smaller mean and a smaller standard deviation.

x i−x́
c. To calculate the z-score for each patient waiting time, we can use the formula z= or we can
s
use the Excel function STANDARDIZE. The z–scores for all patients follow.

Without Wait-Tracking System With Wait-Tracking System

Wait Time z-Score Wait Time z-Score
24 -0.31 31 1.49
67 2.28 11 -0.67
17 -0.73 14 -0.34
20 -0.55 18 0.09
31 0.11 12 -0.56
44 0.90 37 2.13
12 -1.03 9 -0.88
23 -0.37 13 -0.45
16 -0.79 12 -0.56
37 0.48 15 -0.24

No z-score is less than -3.0 or above +3.0; therefore, the z–scores do not indicate the existence of
any outliers in either sample.

22. a. According to the empirical rule, approximately 95% of data values will be within two standard
deviations of the mean. 4.5 is two standard deviation less than the mean and 9.3 is two standard
deviations greater than the mean. Therefore, approximately 95% of individuals sleep between 4.5
and 9.3 hours per night.

8−6.9
b. z= =0.9167
1.2

6−6.9
c. z= =−0.75
1.2
23. a. 615 is one standard deviation above the mean. The empirical rule states that 68% of data values will
be within one standard deviation of the mean. Because a bell-shaped distribution is symmetric half
of the remaining values will be greater than the (mean + 1 standard deviation) and half will be below
(mean – 1 standard deviation). In other words, we expect that 0.5*(1-68%) = 16% of the data values
will be greater than (mean + 1 standard deviation) = 615.

b. 715 is two standard deviations above the mean. The empirical rule states that 95% of data values will
be within two standard deviations of the mean, and we expect that 0.5*(1- 95%) = 2.5% of data
values will be above two standard deviations above the mean.

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c. 415 is one standard deviation below the mean. The empirical rule states that 68% of data values will
be within one standard deviation of the mean, and we expect that 0.5*(1 - 68%) = 16% of data
values will be below one standard deviation below the mean. 515 is the mean, so we expect that 50%
of the data values will be below the mean. Therefore, we expect 50% - 16% = 36% of the data values
will be between the mean and one standard deviation below the mean (between 414 and 515).

620−515
d. z= =1.05
100

405−515
e. z= =−1.10
100
24. a.
70

60

50

40
y

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20
x

b. There appears to be a negative linear relationship between the x and y variables.

c. Without Excel, we can use the calculations shown below to calculate the covariance:
xi yi ( x i− x́ ) ( y i− ý) ( xi  x )( yi  y )
4 50 -4 4 -16
6 50 -2 4 -8
11 40 3 -6 -18
3 60 -5 14 -70
16 30 8 -16 -128

x́ = 8
ý = 46

∑( x i− x́ )( y i− ý ) −16−8−18−70−128
s xy = = =−60
n−1 4
Or, using Excel, we can use the COVARIANCE.S function.

The negative covariance confirms that there is a negative linear relationship between the x and y
variables in this data set.

d. To calculate the correlation coefficient without Excel, we need the standard deviation for x and y:
s x =5.43 , s y =11.40. Then the correlation coefficient is calculated as:

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s xy −60
r xy = = =−0.97 .
s x s y (5.43)(11.40)
Or we can use the Excel function CORREL.
The correlation coefficient indicates a strong negative linear association between the x and y
variables in this data set.

25. a. The scatter chart indicates that there may be a positive linear relationship between profits and
market capitalization.

b. Without Excel, we can use the calculations below to find the covariance and correlation coefficient:

xi yi ( xi  x ) ( yi  y ) ( xi  x )2 ( yi  y ) 2 ( xi  x )( yi  y )

313.2 1891.9 -2468.57 -35259.75 6093826.70 1243249856.32 87041077.46

631 81458.6 -2150.77 44306.95 4625801.88 1963105961.23 -95293962.27
706.6 10087.6 -2075.17 -27064.05 4306321.16 732462715.10 56162440.18
-29 1175.8 -2810.77 -35975.85 7900415.30 1294261667.17 101119754.14
4,018.00 55188.8 1236.23 18037.15 1528270.20 325338838.31 22298108.67
959 14115.2 -1822.77 -23036.45 3322482.24 530677954.29 41990095.01
6,490.00 97376.2 3708.23 60224.55 13750986.48 3626996616.98 223326625.02
8,572.00 157130.5 5790.23 119978.85 33526789.60 14394924834.35 694705416.89
12,436.0
0 95251.9 9654.23 58100.25 93204200.49 3375639237.48 560913323.32
1,462.00 36461.2 -1319.77 -690.45 1741786.89 476718.98 911231.51
3,461.00 53575.7 679.23 16424.05 461356.46 269749471.38 11155745.66
854 7082.1 -1927.77 -30069.55 3716288.47 904177740.20 57967105.40
369.5 3461.4 -2412.27 -33690.25 5819035.66 1135032836.38 81269899.40
399.8 12520.3 -2381.97 -24631.35 5673770.32 606703323.37 58671077.30
278 3547.6 -2503.77 -33604.05 6268852.91 1129232068.00 84136732.35
9,190.00 32382.4 6408.23 -4769.25 41065440.67 22745730.18 -30562451.36
599.1 8925.3 -2182.67 -28226.35 4764038.47 796726743.27 61608740.10
2,465.00 9550.2 -316.77 -27601.45 100341.80 761839953.07 8743248.48
3,527.00 65917.4 745.23 28765.75 555371.12 827468465.86 21437166.03
602 13819.5 -2179.77 -23332.15 4751387.41 544389148.36 50858664.40
2,655.00 26651.1 -126.77 -10500.55 16070.06 110261516.43 1331130.81
1,455.70 21865.9 -1326.07 -15285.75 1758455.66 233654103.75 20269937.85
276 3417.8 -2505.77 -33733.85 6278871.98 1137972527.00 84529189.10
617.5 3681.2 -2164.27 -33470.45 4684054.86 1120270915.23 72439011.75
11,797.0
0 182109.9 9015.23 144958.25 81274412.67 21012894710.67 1306832306.01
567.6 12522.8 -2214.17 -24628.85 4902538.79 606580172.87 54532401.62
697.8 10514.8 -2083.97 -26636.85 4342921.55 709521692.00 55510332.79
634 8560.5 -2147.77 -28591.15 4612906.27 817453766.09 61407146.21
109 1381.6 -2672.77 -35770.05 7143687.40 1279496361.62 95605031.46
4,979.00 66606.5 2197.23 29454.85 4827829.60 867588283.54 64719150.12
5,142.00 53469.4 2360.23 16317.75 5570696.31 266269017.70 38513683.74
Total 368589209.4 62647162947 3954149359

∑( x i− x́ )( y i− ý ) 3954149359
s xy = = =131804978.6
n−1 30
2
∑ ( x i− x́ )
sx=
√n−1
=¿
368589209.4
30 √
=3505.18 ¿

2
∑ ( y− ý )
sy=
√ n−1
=
62647162947
30 √ =45697.25

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s xy 131804978.6
r xy = = =0.8229
s x s y (3505.18)(45697.25)
Or using Excel, we use the formula =COVARIANCE.S(B2:B32,C2:C32) to calculate the
covariance, which is 131804978.638. This indicates that there is a positive relationship between
profits and market capitalization.

c. In the Excel file, we use the formula =CORREL(B2:B32,C2:C32) to calculate the correlation
coefficient, which is 0.8229. This indicates that there is a strong linear relationship between profits
and market capitalization.

26. a. Without Excel, we can use the calculations below to find the correlation coefficient:
xi yi ( xi  x ) ( yi  y ) ( xi  x )2 ( yi  y )2 ( xi  x )( yi  y )

7.1 7.02 0.2852 0.6893 0.0813 0.4751 0.1966

5.2 5.31 -1.6148 -1.0207 2.6076 1.0419 1.6483
7.8 5.38 0.9852 -0.9507 0.9706 0.9039 -0.9367
7.8 5.40 0.9852 -0.9307 0.9706 0.8663 -0.9170
5.8 5.00 -1.0148 -1.3307 1.0298 1.7709 1.3505
5.8 4.07 -1.0148 -2.2607 1.0298 5.1109 2.2942
9.3 6.53 2.4852 0.1993 6.1761 0.0397 0.4952
5.7 5.57 -1.1148 -0.7607 1.2428 0.5787 0.8481
7.3 6.99 0.4852 0.6593 0.2354 0.4346 0.3199
7.6 11.12 0.7852 4.7893 0.6165 22.9370 3.7605
8.2 7.56 1.3852 1.2293 1.9187 1.5111 1.7028
7.1 12.11 0.2852 5.7793 0.0813 33.3998 1.6482
6.3 4.39 -0.5148 -1.9407 0.2650 3.7665 0.9991
6.6 4.78 -0.2148 -1.5507 0.0461 2.4048 0.3331
6.2 5.78 -0.6148 -0.5507 0.3780 0.3033 0.3386
6.3 6.08 -0.5148 -0.2507 0.2650 0.0629 0.1291
7.0 10.05 0.1852 3.7193 0.0343 13.8329 0.6888
6.2 4.75 -0.6148 -1.5807 0.3780 2.4987 0.9719
5.5 7.22 -1.3148 0.8893 1.7287 0.7908 -1.1692
6.5 3.79 -0.3148 -2.5407 0.0991 6.4554 0.7999
6.0 3.62 -0.8148 -2.7107 0.6639 7.3481 2.2088
8.3 9.24 1.4852 2.9093 2.2058 8.4638 4.3208
7.5 4.40 0.6852 -1.9307 0.4695 3.7278 -1.3229
7.1 6.91 0.2852 0.5793 0.0813 0.3355 0.1652
6.8 5.57 -0.0148 -0.7607 0.0002 0.5787 0.0113
5.5 3.87 -1.3148 -2.4607 1.7287 6.0552 3.2354
7.5 8.42 0.6852 2.0893 0.4695 4.3650 1.4315
Total 25.77407 130.0594 25.5517
2
∑( x i− x́ )( y i− ý ) 25.5517 ∑ ( x i− x́ )
s xy =
n−1
=
26
2
=0.9828 s x =
n−1 √ =¿
25.77407
26 √
=0.9956 ¿

∑ ( y− ý )
sy=
√
s
n−1
=
130.0594
√
26
0.9828
=2.2366

r xy = xy = =0.44
s x s y (0.9956)(2.2366)
Or we can use the Excel function CORREL.
The correlation coefficient indicates that there is a moderate positive linear relationship between jobless

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rate and delinquent loans. If the jobless rate were to increase, it is likely that an increase in the
percentage of delinquent housing loans would also occur.

b.
14

12

Delinquent Loans (%)

10

0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Jobless Rate (%)

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