Problem (1 to 4): A reservoir of carbon tetrachloride has a mass of 450 kg and a volume of 0.315 m3.

1) Compute the carbon tetrachloride’s weight.

2) Compute the carbon tetrachloride’s mass density.
3) Compute the carbon tetrachloride’s specific weight.
4) Compute the carbon tetrachloride’s specific gravity.

Solution: Given : M = 450 Kg

V = 0.315 m³
1) Computing the Weight: 3) Computing the Specific Weight:
W = Mg = 450 Kg x 9.81 m/s2 𝑊 4.414 𝑘𝑁
W = 4414.50 N ɤ = = = 14. 013 kN/m³
𝑉 0.315 𝑚³
or W = 4.414 kN

2) Computing the Mass Density: 4) Computing the Specific Gravity:

𝑀 450 𝐾𝑔 ρ 1428.571 𝐾𝑔/𝑚³
ρ = = = 1428.571 Kg/m³ 𝑠 = = = 1.4285
𝑉 0.315 𝑚³ ρ𝑠 1000 𝐾𝑔/𝑚³

ɤ 14.013 𝑘𝑁/𝑚³
Or 𝑠 = = = 1.428
ɤ𝑠 9.81 𝑘𝑁/𝑚³
 Problem (5 to 7): A liter of SAE 30 oil at 68oF weighs about 2.0 lb.
5) Calculate the oil’s specific weight.
6) Calculate the oil’s mass density.
7) Calculate the oil’s specific gravity.
Solution: Given : M = 2.0 lb
V = 1.0 liter

5) Computing the Specific Weight:

Conversion: 2.0 lb = 0.907 Kg (using scientific calculator)
1 m³ = 1000 liters
1.0 liter = 0.001 m³
7) Computing the Specific Gravity:
𝑊 𝑀𝑔 0.907 𝐾𝑔 (9.81 𝑚/𝑠2)
ɤ = = = = 8,897.67 N/m³ ρ 907 𝐾𝑔/𝑚³
𝑉 𝑉 0.001 𝑚³ 𝑠 = = = 0.907
ρ𝑠 1000 𝐾𝑔/𝑚³
or ɤ = 8.898 kN/m³
ɤ 8.898 𝑘𝑁/𝑚³
Or 𝑠 = = = 0.907
ɤ𝑠 9.81 𝑘𝑁/𝑚³
6) Computing the Mass Density:
𝑀 0.907 𝐾𝑔
ρ = = = 907 Kg/m³
𝑉 0.001 𝑚³
 Problem #8: In a piston-and-cylinder apparatus the initial volume of air is 90 L at a pressure of 130 kPA and
temperature of 26oC. If the pressure is doubled while the volume is decreased to 56 L, compute the final temperature of
the air in oC. R=0.287 KJ/kg-K

Solution: Given : V = 90 L = 0.090 m³; V = 56 L = 0.056 m³ P = 130 kPA ; T = 26°C ; R=0.287 KJ/kg-K ; T = ?
1 2 1 1 2

note: Joule (J) or Newton-meter (N-m) and Kilojoule(KJ) or Kilonewton-meter(kN-m)

therefore; R=0.287 KJ/kg-K = 287 J/kg-K or 287 N-m/kg-K

𝑃𝑔
For Gasses: ɤ =
𝑅𝑇

from : ɤ = ρ𝑔
𝑃𝑔
thus : ɤ = ρ𝑔 = 𝑅𝑇
𝑃
𝑃
ρ2 = 𝑅𝑇2
ρ= 2

𝑅𝑇
𝑀2 𝑃
𝑃1 (130 𝑥 1000) 𝑁/𝑚2 = 𝑅𝑇2 ; M2 =M1
ρ1 = 𝑅𝑇1
=
287 N-m/kg-K 26+273 °𝐾
= 1.515 Kg/m³ 𝑉2 2

𝑀1 0.136 2(130 𝑥1000)

ρ1 = ; 𝑀 1 = ρ1 𝑉1 =
𝑉1 .056 287(°𝐶+273)

𝑀1 = 1.515 Kg/m³ (0.090 m³) = 0.136 Kg T = 100.027°C

 Problem (9 to 10): If a vessel that contains 0.10 cu.m. of water at 4oC and atmospheric pressure is heated to 71oC
(ɤw=9.58 kN/m3),
9) What will be the percentage change in its volume?
10) What weight of water must be removed to maintain the original volume? (5pts)

Solution: Given : V4° = 0.10 m³

ɤ71°= 9.58 kN/m³
𝑊
ɤ =
𝑉
𝑊 =ɤ𝑉
𝑊 = ɤ4° 𝑉4° = ɤ71° 𝑉71° Checking:
= 9.81(0.10) = 9.58 (𝑉71°) Wt. of water at 71°C = 9.58(0.102) = 0.977 kN
𝑉71° = 0.102 m³ Wt. of water after removal = 0.977 – 0.019 = 0.958 kN
9) Computing the percentage change in its volume : Volume of water after removal:
𝑊 0.958
Δ𝑉 𝑉= ɤ = 9.58
= 0.1020.1−0.1 = 0.02 𝑥 100 = 2%
𝑉
10)Computing weight of water must be removed to maintain the 𝑉 = 0.10 m³ (equal to the original volume)
original volume:
𝑊 = ɤ 𝑉 = 9.58 0.102 − 0.10 = 0.019 𝑘𝑁
Problem (11 to 13): At a depth of 5 km in the ocean, the pressure is 71600 kPa. Assume the specific weight at the
surface of 10.10 kN/cu.m. and the average bulk modulus of elasticity of 2.34 GPa for that pressure range.
11) Determine the change in specific volume between the surface and the 5 km depth in m3/Kg.
12) Determine the specific volume at 5 km m3/Kg.
13) Determine the specific weight at 5 km in kN/ m3.

Solution: Given : Pressure @ 5 Km; P2 = 71,600 kPa or 71.6 x106 N/m2

Sp. Wt. at the surface ; ɤ1 = 10.10 kN/m³ or 10,100 N/m³
Ev = 2.34 GPa = 2.34 x 109 N/m2
11) Computing the change in specific volume between the surface and the 5 km depth in m3/Kg.

ɤ 10100 𝑁/𝑚³
ɤ = ρg ; ρ1 = = = 1029.56 𝐾𝑔/𝑚³
𝑔 9.81 𝑚/𝑠2
1
ν1 = ρ = 9.713 x 10-4 m³/Kg
1
Δ𝑃
Ev= -ν1 ; Δ𝑃 = P2 – P1 ; Let P1 = 0 (atmospheric)
Δν

71.6 𝑥 106 −0
2.34 x 109 = -9.713 x -4
10 ( )
Δν

Δν = - 2.972 x 10-5 m³/Kg

12) Computing the specific volume @ 5 km in m3/Kg.
ν2 = ν1 + Δν
= 9.713 x 10-4 + (- 2.972 x 10-5 )
ν2 = 9.416 x 10-4 m³/Kg

13) Computing the specific weight @ 5 km in kN/ m3.

ɤ2 = ρ2g

1
=ν g
2

1
= (9.81)
9.416 x 10-4

ɤ2 = 10418.437 N/m³ or

ɤ2 = 10.418 kN/m³