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2050A Solution 2

This document provides solutions to exercises on limits of sequences. It establishes that: (1) The limit as n approaches infinity of the sequence n2+1n is 0, using the definition of the limit of a sequence. (2) The limit as n approaches infinity of the sequence n+12n is 2, again using the definition of the limit of a sequence. (3) If sequences {xn} and {yn} converge, then the sequences defined by un = max{xn, yn} and vn = min{xn, yn} also converge, with the limit points being functions of the limits of {xn} and {yn}.

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Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
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63 views2 pages

2050A Solution 2

This document provides solutions to exercises on limits of sequences. It establishes that: (1) The limit as n approaches infinity of the sequence n2+1n is 0, using the definition of the limit of a sequence. (2) The limit as n approaches infinity of the sequence n+12n is 2, again using the definition of the limit of a sequence. (3) If sequences {xn} and {yn} converge, then the sequences defined by un = max{xn, yn} and vn = min{xn, yn} also converge, with the limit points being functions of the limits of {xn} and {yn}.

Uploaded by

Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I

September 2018

Exercise 2 suggested Solution


5. Use the definition of the limit of a sequence to establish the following limits.
n 2n
(a) lim n2 +1 =0 (b)lim n+1 =2
Solution:
(a) A sequence {xn } is said to converge to x, or that x is the limit of {xn },
if for every  > 0, there exists a natural number n , such that for all n ≥ n , we
have |xn − x| < .
since |( n2n+1 ) − 0| < n
n2 = 1
n, following from Archimedean property, there
exists n > 1 , so ∀n > n
|( n2n+1 ) − 0| < n
n2 = 1
n <
n
we have lim n2 +1 =0
2n
(b) since | n+1 − 2| = | 2n−2n−1
n+1 |= 1
n+1 , for each  > 0, similar with 5(a),
there exists (n + 1) > 1 , so ∀n > n
2n
| n+1 − 2| = | 2n−2n−1
n+1 |= 1
n+1 < 1
n +1 <
2n
Hence, we have lim n+1 =2.
14. Let b ∈ R satisfy 0 < b < 1. Show that lim(nbn )=0.[Hint:Use the Binomial
Theorem as the example 3.1.11(d)]
Solution:
Let b ∈ R and 0 < b < 1, we want to show lim(nbn )=0. Since 0 < b < 1, we
1 1
obtain b > 1. Let b = 1 + t, where t > 0. Then we have
n n
(nbn ) = (1/b)n = (1+t)n

By the Binomial Theorem , since n ≥ 1, we have

1
1 + nt + 12 n(n − 1)t2 + ... ≥ 1 + 12 n(n − 1)t2 ≥ 21 n(n − 1)t2
n 2 2
It follows that (1+t)n ≤ (n−1)t2 , ∀ > 0, there exists n ∈ N , such that n > t2  ,

hence, ∀n − 1 > n ,
n 2 2
|nbn − 0| = (1+t)n ≤ (n−1)t2 ≤ (n )t2 ≤
n
Hence,lim(nb )=0.
23. Show that if {xn } and {yn } are convergent sequences, then the sequence
{un } and {vn } defined by un := max{xn , yn } and vn := min{xn , yn } are also
convergent. (See Exercise 2.2.18.)
Solution:
according to Exercise 2.2.18, un = 12 (xn + yn + |xn − yn |), and vn = 12 (xn +
yn − |xn − yn |). Since {xn } and {yn } are convergent sequences,assuming that
limxn = a, limyn = b. Therefore, ∀ > 0, there exist N1 and N2 , such that
∀n≥ N1 , k ≥ N2 , we have
|xn − a| <  |yk − b| < 
Let N3 ≥ N1 + N2 , and so ∀n≥ N3 ,|xn − a| <  , |yn − b| < 
So ∀n ≥ N3 , |xn + yn − (a + b)| < 2, and ||xn − yn | − |a − b|| < 2, which means
that |un − 21 (a + b + |a − b|)| < |xn + yn − (a + b)| + ||xn − yn | − |a − b|| < 4.
Hence, {un } is a convergent sequence, and the limit point is limxn +limyn −
|limxn − limyn |. Similarly, we can prove that {vn } converges.

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