Name: _______________________________________ Date: 14/11/2021

PRACTICE TEST 14
SECTION A - LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear a student giving a class presentation on citizen journalism. Listen carefully and
complete the notes below with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.
CITIZEN JOURNALISM
Citizen journalism is conducted by (1)______________ who haven’t received any professional training. For instance, a
person may submit a(n) (2)_________________ of what is happening.

The student points out that journalists have traditionally included comments from local people to (3)______________
and make it more meaningful to others.

It was when Web 2.0 tools were developed that citizen journalism really started to (4)______________, allowing the
public members to upload their content on the (5)_____________.

The speaker explains how internet-enabled mobile phones with (6)______________ have made it easy and common
for people to post material online.

Some people preferred news delivered by (7)_________________________ journalists at first, yet later consider
citizen journalism (8)_______________.

Citizen journalism provides the rest of the world with almost instant access to photos and stories (9)______________
online by locals.

A great advantage of citizen journalism is that it can give us (10)________________ into how the lives of people are
affected during major (11)______________ crises.

The authorities have also been able to (12)_____________ faster thanks to the co-operation of citizen journalists with
(13)_________________.

These days the (14)________________ and video reports made by citizen journalists are often used in professional
news stories and documentaries.

Part 2. For questions 15-24, you will hear an interview with a conservationist called Kay Giles. Decide
whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
15. Kay is the editor of an environmental magazine.
16. Kay would like the future generations to be active in conserving the environment.
17. The purpose of the seminars Kay mentions is to give direct support to students.
18. The projects are designed to let the students see for themselves the consequences of pollution.
19. According to the scheme, all family members can end up being involved in the conservation effort.
20. Reading articles and watching videos in no way help students learn about the environment.
21. People should have three separate containers for recycling.
22. Families can only rely on local councils for pick-up service.
23. Kay believes the government are active enough.
24. Kay wants children to educate families about the environment.
Part 3. You will hear an interview in which two people called Sarah and Peter who work in air and sea
rescue are talking about their work. For questions 25-30, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits
best according to what you hear.
25. What do Sarah and Peter agree is most important when working in sea rescue?
A. a lack of anxiety in unknown situations B. a willingness to follow instructions
C. a certain amount of specialised knowledge D. an ability to get along with colleagues
26. Peter says the main difficulty in a rescue operation is
A. lack of appropriate equipment. B. shortage of time.
C. unpredictable weather. D. lengthy journeys.
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27. Sarah criticises the people they rescued last week because they
A. miscalculated how long their journey would take. B. underestimated the distance they faced.
C. paid little attention to the weather forecast. D. began their journey in unfavourable conditions.
28. What does Peter say is the disadvantage of using a helicopter in a rescue?
A. It is hard to keep in one position. B. It makes communication difficult.
C. It cannot land on dangerous rocks. D. It gets very cold inside it.
29. Sarah gets annoyed when people being rescued
A. are not grateful enough. B have the wrong priorities. C panic unnecessarily. D refuse assistance.
30. What does Peter say he plans to do next?
A. pass on his knowledge to others B. apply for a less hazardous position
C. get promoted to a better job D. use his skills in different circumstances

SECTION B – VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

Part 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The ___________ of thirst is based on the concentration of salt in the blood.
A. sensation B. sentiment C. response D. impression
2. It was decided that the cost of the project would be ______ so it was abandoned.
A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive
3. Many children who get into trouble in their early teens go on to become ______ offenders.
A. persistent B. insistent C. inverted D. innate
4. Before their restoration, parts of the medieval building were in a state of _______.
A. debris B. dilapidation C. devastation D. destruction
5. Many people suspect that the vice president of the company has ________________.
A. a hiding agenda B. a hidden agenda C. an agenda to hide D. an agenda hiding
6. I don’t know why nobody ever listens to Ted. He’s________ as intelligent as his brother.
A. rather B. fairly much C. somewhat D. every bit
7. What can we do to persuade drivers that alcohol can turn a car into a _________ weapon?
A. lethal B. fatal C. mortal D. venal
8. You can’t expect the sofa to look brand new after two years. There is such a thing as _______ and tear, you know.
A. tide B. wear C. fair D. bear
9. The sales assistants were so rude to me. I decided to take my __________ elsewhere.
A. income B. custom C. capital D. fortune
10. We all agreed to cover some of the cost – so come on, _______.
A. dip in B. put aside C. bail out D. cough up
Part 2. Read the passage below, which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections.
Original writing work and information are protected by copyright laws, like original inventions. Therefore, when you
reference nor use information you find while doing research, you should always give credit to the person or
organization that produced them. To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own with giving credit to the original
source, or to claim that someone else’s ideas are your own. It is akin to steal someone else’s work.

Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem because it is so easy to find and copy information online.
There are thousand of resources for students who wish only to copy or cheat. Moreover, the Internet also makes it
easier for educators to check for plagiarism. Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be enough to impose
copying. Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism. Because copying and pasting is so easy, it
is becoming more and more common for good-meaning students to mix up material source with their original ideas.
While this kind of plagiarism usually happens innocently, it is still an offense.

SECTION C – READING

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Part 1: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Burglars beware! Don't touch the food
It seems that a burglar's inability to say no to his stomach could go a long way towards putting him (1)_____ bars.
Indeed, (2)_____ a crime actually seems to work up an appetite. According to a 1973 article in the British Dental
Journal, 'Criminals appear to be unable to (3)_____ food, chocolate or fruit that they find on (4)______ into which
they enter illegally. There's also a (5)_____to leave, at the site, the unconsumed portions.' For years, forensic experts
have examined these food traces in the (6)_____ of finding bite-mark evidence, but with DNA identification now
(7)______ investigators try to uncover molecular fingerprints as well. A handful of criminals have been (8)_____ this
way in the past ten years.
Californian researchers recently wanted to test the (9)_______ of recovering DNA from foods. They organized a dinner
party in which guests were asked to (10)_____ themselves to a few bites of whatever they fancied and leave the
(11)______ behind. Cheese, carrots, apples and pizza returned the most complete DNA profiles while chocolate was
(12)______ useless. The researchers think the chocolate failure was more to do with the fact that the pieces were
small, (13)______ that less saliva was left behind.
1 A beside B behind C on D in
2 A enacting B realizing C committing D performing
3 A resist B decline C deny D refuse
4 A houses B locations C grounds D premises
5 A habit B tendency C behaviour D likelihood
6 A reason B chance C hope D view
7 A commonplace B regular C typical D average
8 A confirmed B accused C shown D convicted
9 A dependency B reliability C suitability D methodology
10 A control B limit C restrain D ration
11 A extra B spare C excess D remains
12 A hardly B extremely C virtually D barely
13 A meaning B showing C requiring D causing
Part 2: Fill in the gap with ONE suitable word.
A computer called Baby
When the machine jokingly named Baby whirred (14)_____ life on 21 June 1948, it became the world's first modern
computer. And nothing (15)____ ever be the same again. Developed by Tom Kilburn and Freddie Williams, two
scientists at Manchester University in the UK, Baby was the first (16)_______ to have all the components now
regarded (17)_____ characteristic of the basic computer. It could store (18)_____ only data, but also a short user
programme in electronic memory and process it at electronic (19)______. In many respects, Baby, which was big
enough to fill a room, was completely (20)______ today's small, powerful computers. A smartphone can store several
hundred million (21)_____ more bytes of data than Baby could. But it was a key breakthrough.
(22)______ being a British invention, however, the original research was not fully exploited in the UK, and other
countries soon raced (23)______in harnessing the new technology. Both inventors had successful academic careers,
but (24)______ ever made the money of people like Bill Gates, the billionaire founder of Microsoft, who was as
(25)______ unborn when Baby first came to life.
Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Conquest by Patent
Patents are a form of intellectual property rights often touted as a means to give 'incentive and reward' to
inventors. But they're also a cause for massive protests by farmers, numerous lawsuits by transnational corporations
and indigenous peoples, and countless rallies and declarations by members of civil society. It is impossible to
understand why they can have all these effects unless you first recognize that patents are about the control of
technology and the protection of competitive advantage.
Lessons from history
In the 1760s, the Englishman Richard Arkwright invented the water-powered spinning frame, a machine destined to
bring cotton-spinning out of the home and into the factory. It was an invention which made Britain a world-class
power in the manufacture of cloth. To protect its competitive advantage and ensure the market for

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manufactured cloth in British colonies, Parliament enacted a series of restrictive measures including the
prohibition of the export of Arkwright machinery or the emigration of any workers who had worked in
factories using it. From 1774 on, those caught sending Arkwright machines or workers abroad from England were
subject to fines and 12 years in jail.
In 1790, Samuel Slater, who had worked for years in the Arkwright mills, left England for the New World disguised as
a farmer. He thereby enabled the production of commercial-grade cotton cloth in the New World and put the US firmly
on the road to the Industrial Revolution and economic independence. Slater was highly rewarded for his achievement.
He is still deemed the 'father of American manufacturing'. To the English, however, he was an intellectual property
thief.
Interestingly, patent protection was a part of US law at the time of Slater's deed. But that protection would only
extend to US innovations. It is worth remembering that until the 1970s it was understood, even accepted that
countries only enforced those patent protections that served their national interest. When the young United States
pirated the intellectual property of Europe - and Slater wasn't the only infringer - people in the US saw the theft as a
justifiable response to England's refusal to transfer its technology.
By the early 1970s, the situation had changed. US industry demanded greater protection for its idea-based products -
such as computers and biotechnology - for which it still held the worldwide lead. Intellectual property rights held the
key. And so, together with its like-minded industrial allies, the US pushed for the inclusion of intellectual property
clauses, including standards for patents, in international trade agreements.
When US business groups explained the 'need' for patents and trademarks in trade agreements, they alleged $40-60
billion losses due to intellectual property piracy; they blamed the losses on Third World pirates; they discussed how
piracy undermined the incentive to invest; and they claimed that the quality of pirated products was lower than the
real thing and was costing lives.
The opposition pointed out that many of the products made in the industrial world, almost all its food crops and a high
percentage of its medicines had originated in plant and animal germplasm taken from the developing world. First,
knowledge of the material and how to use it was stolen, and later the material itself was taken. For all this, they said,
barely a cent of royalties had been paid. Such unacknowledged and uncompensated appropriation they named
'biopiracy' and they reasoned that trade agreement patent rules were likely to facilitate more theft of their genetic
materials. Their claim that materials 'collected' in the developing world were stolen, elicited a counter-claim that these
were 'natural' or 'raw' materials and therefore did not qualify for patents. This in turn induced a counter-explanation
that such materials were not 'raw' but rather the result of millennia of study, selection, protection, conservation,
development and refinement by communities of Majority World and indigenous peoples.
Others pointed out that trade agreements which forced the adoption of unsuitable notions of property and creativity -
not to mention an intolerable commercial relationship to nature - were not only insulting but also exceedingly costly.
To a developing world whose creations might not qualify for patents and royalties, there was first of all the cost of
unrealized profit. Secondly, there was the cost of added expense for goods from the industrialized world. For most of
the people on the planet, the whole patenting process would lead to greater and greater indebtness; for them, the
trade agreements would amount to “conquest by patents” – no matter what the purported commercial benefits.
Intellectual property*: an invention or composition that belongs to the person who created it.
26. According to paragraph 1, what is the real reason for patents to exist?
A. protests B. lawsuits C. prizes D. control
27. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the
passage?
A. Among the laws to protect Britain from competition in the textile industry was a ban on exporting Arkwright
equipment and on emigration of former employees.
B. Former employees of Arkwright could not leave the country because they might provide information about the
company to competing factories.
C. The reason that Britain passed laws to prevent emigration was to keep employees in the textile mills from leaving
their jobs to work in other countries.
D. Parliament passed laws to ensure that the price of textiles was kept in high in spite of competition from the former
British colonies who were exporting cloth.
28. In paragraph 3, how does the author explain the concept of technological transfer?
A. By recounting how Samuel Slater, an American farmer established a successful textile mill in Great Britain.

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B. By describing how Samuel Slater used workers from Britain to develop the textile industry in the United States.
C. By exposing how Samuel Slater stole ideas and technology from one nation to introduce them in another.
D. By demonstrating how Samuel Slater used the laws to his advantage in order to transfer technology.
29. The word “innovations” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. discoveries B. exceptions C. Disputes D. territories
30. How did the perspective of industrialists in the United States change in the 1970s?
A. They favored free exchange of technology.
B. They supported the protection of patents.
C. They refused to sign international trade agreements.
D. They began to collaborate with Third World nations.
31. How did industrialized nations justify using plants and animals from the developing world for food
and medicine products?
A. They claimed that the plant and animal sources were raw materials that could not be patented.
B. They asserted that the original plant and animal materials were found in their own nations.
C. They paid a large royalty for the use of plants and animals that were not original to their countries.
D. They stated that they had manufactured a higher quality of products than the competition.
32. Based on the information in paragraph 7, which of the following best explains the term “biopiracy”?
A. A conspiracy by farmers B. The theft of plants and animals
C. Secret trade agreements D. Natural resources in the biosphere
33. The word “facilitate” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. permit B. assist C. require D. delay
34. The word “notion” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. customs B. records C. property D. ideas
35. Why does the author call this article “Conquest by Patents”?
A. Because most trade agreements are unfair to developing nations
B. Because patents cost too much money for developing nations
C. Because industrialized countries do not pay their debts to developing nations
D. Because natural resources are a source of power for developing nations
Part 4: Read a magazine article in which four successful career women talk about emigrating to New
Zealand. For questions from 36 to 50, choose from the women (A-D). The women may be chosen more
than once.
Which woman ...
36. mentions the way in which she was disadvantaged in the country she left?
37. mentions a negative point about a job she has had?
38. explains an advantage of choosing to pursue her career in New Zealand?
39. mentions an aspect of living in New Zealand that she can find difficult?
40. appreciates the approach to achieving goals in New Zealand?
41. expresses a sense of regret about leaving her country?
42. appreciates the honesty she feels exists in New Zealand?
43. denies conforming to a certain stereotype?
44. appreciates New Zealand for its sense of calm and normality?
45. explains how a potential hazard in New Zealand requires special consideration in her work?
46. explains that she had not planned to stay in New Zealand permanently?
47. states that her original nationality puts her in an advantageous position in New Zealand?
48. recognizes the fact that conflicting opinions can lead to improvements?
49. recommends that New Zealanders take more pride in their country?
50. appreciates working in a friendly environment?

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 THE BRAIN GAIN
With New Zealand becoming renowned as a great place to live, it was the first-choice destination for a
new generation of talented migrants looking for a better life. Sharon Stephenson talks to four of them.
A. Nicky Meiring, Architect
Listen to Nicky Meiring talk about South Africa and it soon becomes evident that she's mourning for a country she
once called home. 'The current economic situation has made South Africa quite a hard place to live in,' she says, but I
do miss it.' Nicky first arrived in Auckland in 1994 and got a job in an architectural practice in Auckland where she
soon settled in. She says 'New Zealand often feels like utopia. I just love the tranquility and the fact you can lead a
safe and ordinary life.' She lives and works from a renovated factory where her mantelpiece is littered with awards for
the design of her summer house on Great Barrier Island. 'Although the design of buildings is fairly universal, houses
here are generally constructed of timber as opposed to brick and when it comes to the engineering of buildings, I have
to take great heed of earthquakes which isn't an issue in South Africa,' she says. 'But the very fact that my training
and experience are different means I have something to offer. And I'm so glad I have the opportunity to leave my
stamp on my new country.'
B. Jenny Orr, Art Director
American Jenny Orr's southern accent seems more at home in the movies than in New Zealand's capital, Wellington.
'I'm from Alabama, but no, we didn't run around barefoot and my father didn't play the banjo!' she jokes, in
anticipation of my preconceptions. Having worked in corporate design for ten years in the USA, she was after a change
and thought of relocating to New Zealand. It didn't take long for her to land a job with an Auckland design firm, where
she was able to gain experience in an unfamiliar but challenging area of design - packaging - and before long, she was
headhunted by a direct marketing agency which recently transferred her to Wellington. While she admits she could
have the same salary and level of responsibility at home, 'it would probably have been harder to break into this kind of
field. I'm not saying I couldn't have done it, but it may have taken longer in the US because of the sheer number of
people ahead of me.' Ask Jenny how she's contributing to this country's 'brain gain' and she laughs. 'I don't see myself
as being more talented or intelligent but opposing views are what make strategies, concepts and designs better and I
hope that's what I bring.'
C. Sarah Hodgett, Creative Planner
What happens when all your dreams come true? Just ask Sarah Hodgett. Sarah says that she had always dreamed of
a career in advertising. 'But I was from the wrong class and went to the wrong university. In the UK, if you're working
class you grow up not expecting greatness in your life. You resign yourself to working at the local factory and knowing
your place.' New Zealand, on the other hand, allowed her to break free of those shackles. 'It's a land of opportunity. I
quickly learned that if you want to do something here, you just go for it, which is an attitude I admire beyond belief.'
Within a month of arriving, she'd landed a job in customer servicing with an advertising agency. Then, when an
opening in research came up, she jumped at the chance. 'My job is to conduct research with New Zealanders,' she
explains. 'So I get to meet people from across the social spectrum which is incredibly rewarding.' Being a foreigner
certainly works in her layout says Sarah. 'Because a lot of my research is quite personal, respondents tend to see me
as impartial and open-minded and are therefore more willing to share their lives with me.' She certainly sees New
Zealand in a good light. 'I wish New Zealanders could see their country as I do. They don't think they're good enough
on the global stage - and they definitely are - whether it's to do with sports, politics, the academic world, whatever!'
D. Lucy Kramer, School Director
Born in Sydney, Australia, Lucy Kramer left for London when she was 23 to further her career as a stockbroker.
'London certainly lived up to my expectations and I had a very exciting lifestyle,' Lucy explains. But after four years
she felt burnt out and was disillusioned with her job. 'People at work were far too competitive for my liking,' she says.
It was at this time she made a life-changing decision. 'I signed up for a teacher-training course and shortly after that
met my partner, Graeme. He asked me to come back to New Zealand with him and I agreed, on the condition we'd
eventually go back to London.' It wasn't long before she found work in a large Auckland school and, since then, she
has rapidly worked her way up to a management position. 'It's fair to say I'm not earning what I used to but my New
Zealand colleagues are much more easy-going. A good atmosphere more than makes up for the drop in salary.
Another thing that impresses me is that you can leave your stuff on a seat in a café and it'll still be there half an hour
later. People are pretty trustworthy here. Sometimes it bothers me that we're so remote - you can feel a bit cut off
from what's going on in the rest of the world, but on the whole, I'd say it's one of the best moves I ever made. This is
home, now.'

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Part 5: Read the following passage and answer the questions from 51 to 60.
Wealth in A Cold Climate
Latitude is crucial to a nation's economic strength.
A Dr William Masters was reading a book about mosquitoes when inspiration struck. “There was this anecdote about
the great yellow-fever epidemic that hit Philadelphia in 1793," Masters recalls. “This epidemic decimated the city
until the first frost came." The inclement weather froze out the insects, allowing Philadelphia to recover.
B If weather could be the key to a city's fortunes, Masters thought, then why not to the histori cal fortunes of
nations? And could frost lie at the heart of one of the most enduring economic mysteries of all - why are almost all
the wealthy, industrialised nations to be found at latitudes above 40 degrees? After two years of research, he
thinks that he has found a piece of the puzzle. Masters, an agricultural economist from Purdue University in
Indiana, and Margaret McMillan at Tufts University, Boston, show that annual frosts are among the factors that
distinguish rich nations from poor ones. Their study is published this month in the Journal of Economic Growth.
The pair speculate that cold snaps have two main benefits - they freeze pests that would otherwise destroy crops,
and also freeze organisms, such as mosquitoes, that carry disease. The result is agricultural abundance and a big
workforce.
C The academics took two sets of information. The first was average income for countries, the second climate data
from the University of East Anglia. They found a curious tally between the sets. Countries having five or more
frosty days a month are uniformly rich, those with fewer than five are impoverished. The authors speculate that
the five-day figure is important; it could be the minimum time needed to kill pests in the soil. Masters says: “For
example, Finland is a small country that is growing quickly, but Bolivia is a small country that isn't growing at all.
Perhaps climate has something to do with that." In fact, limited frosts bring huge benefits to farmers. The chills kill
insects or render them inactive; cold weather slows the break-up of plant and animal material in the soil, allowing
it to become richer; and frosts ensure a build-up of moisture in the ground for spring, reducing dependence on
seasonal rains. There are exceptions to the “cold equals rich" argument. There are well-heeled tropical places such
as Hong Kong and Singapore, a result of their superior trading positions. Likewise, not all European countries are
moneyed - in the former communist colonies, economic potential was crushed by politics.
D Masters stresses that climate will never be the overriding factor - the wealth of nations is too complicated to be
attributable to just one factor. Climate, he feels, somehow combines with other factors - such as the presence of
institutions, including governments, and access to trading routes - to determine whether a country will do well.
Traditionally, Masters says, economists thought that institutions had the biggest effect on the economy, because
they brought order to a country in the form of, for example, laws and property rights. With order, so the thinking
went, came affluence. “But there are some problems that even countries with institu tions have not been able to
get around,” he says. “My feeling is that, as countries get richer, they get better institutions. And the accumulation
of wealth and improvement in governing institutions are both helped by a favourable environment, including
climate.”
E This does not mean, he insists, that tropical countries are beyond economic help and destined to remain penniless.
Instead, richer countries should change the way in which foreign aid is given. Instead of aid being geared towards
improving governance, it should be spent on technology to improve agriculture and to combat disease. Masters
cites one example: “There are regions in India that have been provided with irrigation - agricultural productivity
has gone up and there has been an improvement in health.” Supplying vaccines against tropical diseases and
developing crop varieties that can grow in the tropics would break the poverty cycle.
F Other minds have applied themselves to the split between poor and rich nations, citing anthropological, climatic and
zoological reasons for why temperate nations are the most affluent. In 350BC, Aristotle observed that “those who
live in a cold climate ... are full of spirit”. Jared Diamond, from the University of California at Los Angeles, pointed
out in his book Guns, Germs and Steel that Eurasia is broadly aligned east-west, while Africa and the Americas are
aligned north-south. So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar. One of
the first domesticated crops, einkorn wheat, spread quickly from the Middle East into Europe; it took twice as long
for com to spread from Mexico to what is now the eastern United States. This easy movement along similar
latitudes in Eurasia would also have meant a faster dissemination of other technologies such as the wheel and
writing, Diamond speculates. The region also boasted domesticated livestock, which could provide meat, wool and
motive power in the fields. Blessed with such natural advantages, Eurasia was bound to take off economically.
G John Gallup and Jeffrey Sachs, two US economists, have also pointed out striking correlations between the
geographical location of countries and their wealth. They note that tropical countries between 23.45 degrees north
and south of the equator are nearly all poor. In an article for the Harvard International Review, they concluded
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 that “development surely seems to favour the temperate-zone economies, especially those in the northern
hemisphere, and those that have managed to avoid both socialism and the ravages of war”. But Masters cau tions
against geographical determinism, the idea that tropical countries are beyond hope: “Human health and
agriculture can be made better through scientific and technological research," he says, “so we shouldn’t be writing
off these countries. Take Singapore: without air conditioning, it wouldn’t be rich.”
Questions 51-56: Choose the most suitable heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.
Example answer List of Headings
Paragraph A: iii i. The positive correlation between climate and wealth
1. Paragraph B ii. Other factors besides climate that influence wealth
2. Paragraph C iii. Inspiration from reading a book
iv. Other researchers’ results do not rule out exceptional cases
3. Paragraph D
v. Different attributes between Eurasia and Africa
4. Paragraph E
vi. Low temperature benefits people and crops
5. Paragraph F vii. The importance of institution in traditional views
6. Paragraph G viii. The spread of crops in Europe, Asia and other places
ix. The best way to use aid
x. Confusions and exceptions
Questions 57-60: Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage
for each answer.
Dr William Masters read a book saying that a(an) 57. ____________which struck an American city hundreds of years
ago was terminated by a cold frost. And academics found that there is a connection between climate and country’s
wealth as in the rich but small country of Finland. Yet besides excellent surroundings and climate, one country still
needs to improve their 58. _______________to achieve long prosperity.

Thanks to resembling weather conditions across latitude in the continent of 59. _____________, crops such as einkorn
wheat is bound to spread faster than from South America to the North. Other researchers also noted that even though
geographical factors are important, tropical country such as 60. ____________ still became rich due to scientific
advancement.

SECTION D – WRITING
Part 1: Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the words
given and the words mustn’t be altered in any way.
1. The rent takes a large bite out of my salary every month. EATS
 Paying the rent really _______________________________________ every month.
2. I was determined to take advantage of the experience. OUT
 I would _______________________________________ such an experience for all the world.
3. The closing date for the competition is next Tuesday. ENTRY
 You _______________________________________ next Tuesday.
4. I think you need to work hard to make a relationship a success. MORE
 I think________________________________________, the better it will be.
5. Anna had decided Tom was not telling the truth about what happened. TEETH
 Anna was sure Tom _______________________________________ about what happened.
Part 2: Your friend has just moved to a new house. Write a letter to your friend and let him/her know
about the gift that you have prepared for him/her.
In your letter, you should:
-describe the gift
-tell how it will be delivered
-explain why you chose it.
Part 3: Write an essay (about 350 words) to state your viewpoint on the following question
Nowadays computer education is compulsory for learners in most schools. Do you think this is necessary or will
children acquire these skills naturally from their daily interaction with technology everywhere? 

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Provide your opinion; use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
_____ THE END _____

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