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Module 7 - Metabolism of Proteins

The document summarizes the digestion and absorption of proteins in the human body. It describes how proteins are broken down through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin initiate the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin further break the protein fragments into dipeptides and free amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body to build new proteins.

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Angel Delgallego
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75 views12 pages

Module 7 - Metabolism of Proteins

The document summarizes the digestion and absorption of proteins in the human body. It describes how proteins are broken down through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin initiate the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin further break the protein fragments into dipeptides and free amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body to build new proteins.

Uploaded by

Angel Delgallego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METABOLISM OF PROTEINS

John Patrick DT. Ramos


Marion Zandra U. Aquino

pharmaceutical biochemistry
laboratory
CEU
SOP
DIGESTION OF PROTEINS

CEU
SOP
PROTEIN DIGESTION
• the body’s digestive system
breaks down the protein
(denatured or not) into the
individual amino acids

• amino acids are absorbed and


used by cells to build other
proteins and other
macromolecules, such as DNA

CEU
SOP
PROTEIN DIGESTION
• eggs are a good dietary source
of protein and will be used as
our example to describe the
path of proteins in the
processes of digestion and
absorption

• one egg, whether raw, hard-


boiled, scrambled, or fried,
supplies about 6 g of protein
CEU
SOP
PROCESSES

CEU
SOP
FROM MOUTH TO STOMACH
• The first step in egg digestion (or any other protein food) involves
chewing.
• The teeth begins the mechanical breakdown of the large egg pieces into
smaller pieces that can be swallowed.
• The salivary glands provide some saliva to aid swallowing and the
passage of the partially mashed egg through the esophagus.
• The salivary amylase does not act on protein digestion because it do not have
the required 3D shape to catalyze the breakdown of proteins.
• The mashed egg pieces enter the stomach through the esophageal
sphincter.
CEU
SOP
FROM STOMACH TO SMALL INTESTINE
• stomach releases gastric juices containing HCl which activates
pepsinogen into pepsin, which initiate the breakdown of the protein
• the acidity of the stomach facilitates the unfolding of the proteins
• pepsin dismantles the protein chains into smaller and smaller fragments

Protein digestion requires the chemical


actions of gastric juice and the
mechanical actions of the stomach.
CEU
SOP
FROM STOMACH TO SMALL INTESTINES
• The high pH of the small intestine inhibits the action of pepsin.
• Pancreas releases 3 enzymes (chymotrypsinogen , trypsinogen, and
procarboxypeptidase).
• These enzymes are activated by enteropeptidase (releaased by the small
intestine).
• Enteropeptidase activates trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin activates other
trypsinogen into trypsin, chymotrypsin into chymotrypsin and
procarboxxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase.
• Trypsin and chymotrypsin act on bonds between specific amino acids within the
partially digested protein which causes breakdown into smaller fragments.
• Carboxypeptidase can only acts on a specific end of a fragment breaking the
bond and releasing one amino acid at a time .
CEU
SOP
FROM STOMACH TO SMALL INTESTINES
• The microvilli that line the small intestine release additional enzymes
(aminopeptidase and dipeptidase) that break the smaller protein fragments into
the individual amino acids.
• The free amino acids are absorbed into the intra site cells through membrane
transporters within the membranes of the cells.
• Some di and tri peptides are absorbed into the intra site cells through specific
membrane transporters, where they are broken down into free amino acids.
• Then the free amino acids are transported out of the cell into the blood and
transported into the liver.

CEU
SOP
PROTEIN ABSORPTION
• Once the amino acids are in the blood, they are transported to the liver
by the hepatic portal vein (enterohepatic circulation). The free amino
acids are:
• Taken up by liver cells
• Used by cells throughout the body
• Converted to glucose
• Used for cellular respiration

CEU
SOP
EXPERIMENT
Refer to the video in canvas for the procedure
and result

CEU
SOP
METABOLISM OF PROTEINS
END OF DISCUSSION
John Patrick DT. Ramos
Marion Zandra U. Aquino

pharmaceutical biochemistry
laboratory
CEU
SOP

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