ROADMAP™ B2+ Students’ Book answer key

Grammar
UNIT 1
Cleft sentences
1A Give it a go
7a
Vocabulary
1 What; is 2 What; was 3 What’s great about it is
Free-time activities 4 The other thing; is 5 What’s great about; is the
1a fact that
A outdoor pursuit B martial art C crossword
D creative pastime E performing 7b
It draws attention to something the speaker feels
2a strongly about.
1 take to it 2 grow on me 3 the hype
4 very encouraging 5 hopeless at 6 nothing beats 7c
7 fancied taking up 8 let off steam 9 switch off 1 What 2 is 3 thing 4 What 5 was 6 fact

2b
Language bank 1A
Suggested answers:
1 yoga 2 online gaming 3 a blockbuster 1
4 a keep-fit activity 5 dress making, doing puzzles 1 What 2 thing 3 that/which 4 fact 5 how
6 singing in a choir/performing 6 was 7 other 8 about
7 martial arts/judo/karate 8 martial arts, yoga
9 hiking/other outdoor pursuit 2
1 like; way 2 find; variety 3 understand; why
4 amazes; amount 5 fancy; going 6 love; fact
Listening
4 9
Conversation 1 1 The thing (that) I like most about going to the
1 TV, films, reading and martial arts, mostly karate, choir is meeting new people.
also judo 2 What/The thing (that) I don’t understand is how
2 One speaker has started doing karate and really anyone can make a cake without eggs.
enjoys it. It helps him to keep fit, he learns a bit 3 What/The thing (that) I found difficult (about the
of self-defence and he likes the shouting. It’s a class) was the fact that everyone was much
good way to get rid of stress and frustrations better than me.
from work. The other speaker tried judo once but 4 What/The thing (that) I love about hiking is being
didn’t take to it. out in the countryside all day.
Conversation 2 5 What/The thing (that) I found frustrating was the
1 watching a TV series called House of Gorgon fact that I wasn’t really progressing.
2 One speaker loves it and thinks it’s relevant to 6 What/The thing that puts me off learning how to
the current political situation. The other watched fly is the cost.
a couple of episodes and didn’t like it. She’s not
into fantasy stuff. 1B Kind acts
Conversation 3
1 going camping Vocabulary
2 One speaker loves it – the fresh air, being close Helping people
to nature. The other doesn’t understand why
2
anyone would choose to suffer the discomfort!
Conversation 4 1 mentor; expertise 2 comfort; mourning
1 a dance class – tango 3 rough; grab 4 babysit; let down
2 One is enjoying it, even though they’re hopeless 5 welcoming; rave 6 stranded; pulled over
at it. The other thinks they’d feel uncomfortable 7 down; the bill 8 desperate; an apprenticeship
and is a terrible dancer, but is tempted!

5
a3 b4 c2 d4 e2 f1
1

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3 3 were walking 4 glanced 5 had seen 6 stared

Suggested answers: 7 hurried 8 began 9 was screaming 10 woke up
1 work colleagues 2 friends 3 strangers
4 neighbours 5 hotel owners and visitors 2
6 strangers 7 friends 1 a ✓ b who told me he hadn’t eaten for days.
8 employer and job interview candidate c so I gave him some money.
2 a as he had broken his leg. b ✓
c and (he) was panting.
Vocabulary bank 1B 3 a ✓ b because we hadn’t finished any of the
Help and encouragement work we’d promised. c ✓
4 a because it had been snowing for days.
1
b✓ c✓
a 6 b 1 c 5 d 8 e 7 f 2 g 4 h 3 i 10 j 9
9

2a 1 was working 2 came 3 complimented 4 asked

5 ’d bought 6 ’d been looking for
1 schemes 2 support 3 wing 4 make 5 given
7 had (never) seen 8 told 9 left 10 came
6 at
11 was waiting 12 ’d bought

Reading
Speaking
5
11
1 F (They may not realise it’s an emergency.)
1 at an airport/passport control (in Damascus)
2 F (If others show little reaction it confirms to us
2 He needed to buy a visa but couldn’t find a way
there’s no need to help.)
to pay (he’d been told previously he didn’t need
3 T (The more people there are watching, the more
one).
likely we are to think someone else will help.)
3 He paid for the visa because he felt it was his
4 T (We may be scared that our help will lead to
duty to help the guest feel comfortable in his
greater problems.)
home country.
5 T (The worst thing that happens is that there
really is no problem.)
1C How annoying!
Grammar Reading and vocabulary
Narrative tenses At work

7b 1a

1 I found a man (It is a single completed action Suggested answers:

happening in chronological order.) A people getting on a train before giving people on
2 were standing around (The past continuous is it a chance to get off
used for actions that were in progress around the B someone talking loudly on a phone in a library,
time another action happened.) disturbing others
3 he’d been lying (The past perfect continuous C a driver stuck in traffic (maybe the person’s in a
emphasises the period of time before the author hurry or just bored)
arrived.) D paper jammed in a photocopier
4 He’d passed out because of (It happened before
the author saw the news. The past simple 2
suggests either it happened during the news or 1 From most to least annoying: your computer
that passing out was a general habit this man crashing, poor wifi, people complaining about
had.) work, school or university, people eating food
noisily, having to sit in long, unnecessary
meetings, a colleague or fellow student making
Language bank 1B you look bad
1 2 your boss having a go at you for small mistakes,
1 was standing colleagues gossiping, the photocopier jamming
2 had been shopping (OR was shopping)

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4 Language bank 1C
1 jam 2 go 3 finger; fault 4 pointless; irritations 1
5 distracting; on 6 up; fellow 7 undermine 1e 2d 3c 4f 5a 6b
8 gadgets; smash
2
1 dying 2 died 3 killing 4 murder 5 die 6 death
5
Suggested answers:
1 a customer might have a go at a shop assistant if 10b
they can’t get a refund or a discount; a teacher Suggested answers:
might have a go at a student because they’re 1 Honestly, he asks me something every ten
behaving badly seconds. He’s constantly chewing or eating
2 smartphones, laptops, air conditioning, coffee something. Seriously, he’s like a cow or
machine, printer, photocopier, water cooler, something.
heaters; they could break down 2 I nearly died of boredom in there. It seemed to
3 failing an exam or not getting the job you applied go on for ever and ever.
for; one team member getting special treatment 3 Honestly, it’s like an oven there. Seriously, we’re
4 people coming in and out of the room you’re in, going to die in there if they don’t do something
music, police sirens about the air con.
5 windows, glasses, screens; accidentally or on 4 We need one that doesn’t jam every ten
purpose seconds. Seriously, this one is like something
from the time of the dinosaurs. I’d kill for a new
one, I really would.
Vocabulary bank 1C
5 Honestly, I wanted to kill him. I’d spent hours and
Word building: negatives hours working on all of that.
1 6 He’s working us into the ground. He makes us
1 -less 2 dis- 3 un- 4 ir- 5 im- 6 in- work like slaves.

1D English in action
2
1 unequal 2 unrealistic 3 meaningless
Vocabulary
4 hopeless 5 irrelevant 6 irrational Fights and disputes
7 disrespectful 8 insecure 9 immoral 2
10 impatient
1 a workplace dispute 2 a row between friends
3 mediating in a dispute
Listening 4 a dispute between neighbours
6 5 a domestic dispute 6 a pay dispute
Conversation 1: a
Conversation 2: d (b doesn’t fit here because the 3
boss doesn’t have a go at the speakers – the
1 compromises 2 escalated; came to blows
boss has a go at Pat for messing up the
3 side with 4 kicked out 5 quarrel
catalogue)
6 an ongoing dispute

7 Listening 1
1 on and on 2 like an oven; all dying 5
3 super-efficient 4 spent thousands on
1 at a boarding gate
5 ages and ages 6 like mad 7 could’ve killed him
2 they can’t take the flight
3 it was overbooked and everyone turned up –
Language focus they were last to check in
Exaggeration 4 they get seats in first class

8a
A 3, 4 B 1, 5 C 2, 6 D 2, 7
3

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6 6a
1 due respect 2 it were up 3 in charge Text G: I love the idea! I’d have time to do more
4 totally unacceptable 5 raise your voice outdoor pursuits and to switch off from work. It
6 calm down 7 reach a compromise would really make me more motivated in my work.
= Some staff commented that the increase in free
time would increase their desire to work.
7
a3 b7 c1 d4 e2 f5 g6
6b

Listening 2 Suggested answers:

1 Some staff indicated/suggested that a four-day
10 working week would allow them to take up new
1F 2F 3T 4F 5F 6T 7F 8T pastimes and become healthier.
2 Some members of the management team
11 expressed doubt that the idea would work.
3 Certain customers were concerned about
1 There must’ve been a mistake. I’m absolutely
whether customer service standards could be
positive I put both names down.
maintained.
2 You’ve got to be joking!
3 I really am terribly sorry about this.
4 I understand you might be upset, but could you 1B Develop your listening
please not shout at me, sir. 2
5 I am going to have to charge you an extra 100 1 He picked up rubbish that wasn’t his.
euros. 2 She tried to help a new colleague who was
feeling down.
1A Develop your writing 3 He rescued a rabbit that had been abandoned.
2b 4 He paid for a woman’s shopping when she
couldn’t find her purse.
For:
leads to an increase in productivity
staff have more energy and focus 3
most staff (and customers) in favour of the idea 1 by the side of the road in the countryside
less time and money spent on recruitment and 2 He likes complaining but he doesn’t like doing
training anything about it.
lower staff turnover 3 She was doing boring jobs such as
fewer sick days photocopying.
Against: 4 She talked to the boss.
increased productivity may not last 5 because he was worried that a fox would get the
might not suit customers rabbit if he left it there
6 to a rabbit rescue centre
7 She couldn’t find her purse.
3
8 He paid for her shopping.
for – as a limited trial; it is stated in the Conclusions
and recommendations section.
4b
Discussion 2; The second question is a rhetorical
4
question which doesn’t expect an answer.
All the features apply except informal language,
frequent use of I and we and contractions such as
won’t and wouldn’t. 5b
1d 2b 3c 4f 5a 6e

5b
1C 2A 3E 4F 5B 6D 7G

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ROADMAP™ B2+ Students’ Book answer key

6
Suggested answers:
1 Are you mad? 2 Why wouldn’t I?
3 Who knows? 4 Are you surprised?

1C Develop your reading

2
1 the smell of the food; it stops people socialising
over lunch
2 the more rules you have the less happy people
are
3 it can be distracting or noisy or smelly
4 some people spend too much time making tea
and coffee and chatting

3
1 taking a proper break
2 Workers become less happy.
3 She didn’t like it and fought against it.
4 They will feel fine about it and won’t complain.
5 noisy or smelly ones
6 have a go at you

4
1 similar 2 different 3 different 4 different
5 different 6 similar 7 similar 8 different

5
1T 2F 3F 4F 5F 6T 7T 8F

6
1 concurs 2 sees it differently 3 Similarly
4 However 5 Not so fast

7
1 actively 2 do more harm than good
3 remain in favour 4 build a bond 5 a big no
6 have a go 7 get them going 8 have a quiet word

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ROADMAP™ B2+ Students’ Book answer key

Listening
UNIT 2
5b
2A What’s the truth?
Suggested notes:
Vocabulary 1 strained muscle – sports injury
Injuries and illnesses 2 multiple injuries in a car accident – risk of not
1 walking
3 liver failure – risk of dying
Suggested answers:
4 bashed head – lost memory
A stockbroker – stress; burn out; repetitive strains
5 stomach bug – one week in bed, lost holiday
or back/spinal problems from deskwork; Prevent
Suggested ranking:
or overcome by doing exercises, taking regular
1 liver failure (Speaker 3)
breaks, going on holidays
2 car accident (Speaker 2)
B fisherman – fall in the water; strain/pull a muscle;
3 bashed head (Speaker 4)
hypothermia; disease from the fish; Prevent or
4 stomach bug (Speaker 5)
overcome by wearing safety gear and well-
5 strained muscle (Speaker 1)
insulated clothing during cold seasons
C gardener – rash from chemicals; back/spinal
injury from digging; muscle strains; Prevent or 6b
overcome by stretching regularly, wearing
Suggested answers:
protective gloves
1 she was about to shoot (when she caught her
D skier – strain/pull a muscle; break a leg; get
foot in the ground); a scan showed it wasn’t
bruised; Prevent or overcome by wearing safety
badly damaged; she’s back in training (after a
gear, getting proper training
week)
E motorbike delivery person – traffic accidents;
2 she was on the way to a meeting when the
Prevent or overcome by observing traffic rules,
accident happened; after several operations she
wearing helmet
managed to get back on her feet; she took up
F lab worker – burnt or poisoned by chemicals;
yoga on the advice of a friend
cuts and bruises from machinery or equipment;
3 they weren’t sure that she would make it; they
Prevent or overcome by attending training
had to find a donor immediately; (the liver failure)
sessions, wearing protective gear
may have been caused by chemicals she uses in
her job
2 4 she got knocked over by one of her cows; she
1g 2a 3e 4b 5h 6d 7f 8c felt physical pain when she tried to remember
things; she relies on muscle memory/movements
3 to ‘remember’ pin codes
5 a bug was going round the office; he was due to
Suggested answers:
go to Barbados (when he went down with the
1 stop using the cream, ask for a different cream
bug); on the Sunday morning he suddenly felt
(Ss may know of alternative solutions)
fresh as a daisy
2 go to hospital and have a head scan, wait with
someone, rest
3 rest, drink lots of fluids Grammar
4 rest, apply an ice pack, physiotherapy, pain The future in the past
killers
7
5 physiotherapy, back support, crutches or
wheelchair 1 They are all talking about a ‘future’ in the past
6 transplant, dialysis (in terms of finding a donor, (some Ss may also say none of the things
maybe a request on social media) actually happened in the end).
7 use cream, apply an ice pack, rest 2 a, e
8 physiotherapy, pain killers 3 was (just) about to
4 b, c, d
5 weren’t sure, might
4
1 and blue 2 strained 3 out of action 4 swollen
5 limp 6 vomiting 7 transplant
6

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8 5 stardom, boredom, wisdom

1 about 2 due 3 going 4 would 6 opposition, recognition, concentration

Language bank 2A 3a
1 1 homelessness 2 supervision
1 was meeting 2 both 3 would 4 both 3 embarrassment/boredom 4 security
5 was due 6 both 7 might 8 was just about 5 stardom/homelessness 6 opposition
9 both 10 would end up

6b
2
1 would 2 was visiting 3 were bound to 1 Shelter
4 was due to 5 was (just) about to 6 might 2 who are homeless or struggling with poor
housing
3 change housing policies
9 4 Give Directly
1 was just about to park 2 was going to affect 5 (any) conditions
3 would get 4 was due to have 6 better decisions
5 was just about to leave 6 wouldn’t want
7 might develop 8 was never going to play
Grammar
2B A good cause Double comparatives
8b
Reading and vocabulary
1 The more; the less
Charities
2 The more freedom; the more effective
2 3 The less stressed; the better able
Suggested answers:
You might see it in an online or print newspaper. 9b
The purpose is to raise awareness of different
1 They’re all double comparative structures.
charities (and presumably to help readers decide
2 The first half shows one change. If this change
which are most worthy of donations).
happens, the second will. There’s a cause–result
relationship.
3 3 No. Some use nouns, some omit both nouns and
1b 2c 3a adjectives where they’re understood.
4 Use fewer with countable nouns, less with
4 uncountable nouns.

1 tackled 2 awareness 3 lobby 4 sustainable

5 empower 6 deprivation 7 reclaim 8 expertise Language bank 2B
9 campaign; campaigns 10 worthy 1
1 more; better 2 more; sweeter 3 more; happier
Vocabulary bank 2B 4 bigger; fewer 5 more; harder 6 more; less

Word building: noun formation 2

1 1 The; the 2 more; more 3 worse
1 awareness 2 probability 3 freedom 4 higher/worse; are 5 more; merrier/better
4 mobility 5 investment 6 expansion 6 sooner; better 7 more; better; easier
7 conclusion 8 deprivation 9 donation 8 sooner/faster; better
10 establishment
11
2b 1 The more meals; the more likely
1 homelessness, consciousness, effectiveness 2 The longer; the greater the opportunities
2 supervision, comprehension, persuasion 3 the bigger the space; the better
3 astonishment, embarrassment, amusement 4 The more money; the more kids
4 capability, authenticity, security
7

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2C Regeneration Language focus

Reading Negative questions
2 7a
All the statements are true except statement 2. 1 Can’t 2 Haven’t 3 Wouldn’t

3 7b
Possible answer: 1 They are all negative questions; they’re formed
There were rumours that a murderer had lived in by making the auxiliary verb that starts them
an old abandoned hotel near where the writer grew negative.
up. One day the writer and a friend managed to 2 They help us get an answer, but also show that
crawl under the fence of the hotel, despite all the we have a particular attitude towards the thing
warning signs. The grounds of the hotel were thick we’re asking about.
with weeds and the lobby was badly neglected, a Haven’t they done that elsewhere?
but still felt like guests could arrive at any minute. b Can’t they do something better with it than create
They were about to go up the staircase when they luxury flats?
heard footsteps upstairs, which scared them. They c Wouldn’t they just be better demolishing the
were so terrified they raced out of the building whole thing and creating some nice park land?
without waiting to find out who the footsteps
belonged to. The abandoned hotel was eventually
restored and turned into an amazing old people’s Language bank 2C
home and 1
nursery. 1 didn’t you call (did you not call is also possible)
2 Aren’t you feeling (Are you not feeling is also
Vocabulary possible)
3 Can’t you change (Can you not change is also
Urban change
possible)
4 4 Aren’t you going to (Are you not going to is also
1 outdated; demolished possible)
2 declined; shrank; bankrupt; abandoned 5 Don’t you think (Do you not think is also possible)
3 neglected; took over; turned into; restored 6 Don’t you have to (Do you not have to is also
possible)

Vocabulary bank 2C 2
Buildings, places, structures Suggested answers:
1 Wouldn’t you like to see the building
1
demolished?
A hut B mansion C bungalow D dam E pier 2 Haven’t I seen you somewhere before?
F memorial G reservoir H dock 3 Didn’t you go to Japan last year?
4 Don’t you think this film is fascinating?
5 Don’t you think it’s a waste of time?
2
6 Wasn’t she married to your best friend?
1 hut 2 mansion 3 bungalow 4 pier
5 reservoir 6 memorial 7 dam 8 dock
9a
Suggested answers:
Listening
1 Really? Didn’t she say she was?
6a 2 Don’t you know how to drive? Doesn’t that cause
It’s going to be turned into luxury flats. They lots of problems?
suggest it could be turned into a gallery, social or 3 Don’t you ever want to explore? Aren’t you keen
community space or it could be demolished and on the area, then?
some park land could be created. 4 Wasn’t it some kind of factory or something?
Didn’t it use to be a power station?

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5 Don’t you think it has a certain kind of beauty to 2 We need to do more to raise awareness of
it, though? Can’t you even appreciate the issues, such as pollution.
architecture? 3 Most charities just aren’t worthy of donations.
6 Wouldn’t that be a terrible waste? Isn’t it better if 4 I have a degree of expertise in computing.
they use the space that’s already there instead? 5 It’s great that people are campaigning for action
on climate change.
2 Check and reflect: Units 1–2
1a 10
1f 2h 3c 4b 5d 6a 7e 8g 1d 2a 3e 4b 5c

2 11a
1 that/which 2 What 3 fact 4 was 5 is 6 thing 1 abandoned
2 outdated (out-of-date is also possible)
3 turned into 4 demolished 5 shrinking
3
6 bankrupt
1 down 2 stranded/stuck 3 comfort
4 welcoming 5 rave 6 rough 7 apprenticeship
8 mentor 12
1 Didn’t you 2 Don’t you 3 Can’t you
4 Haven’t we 5 Aren’t you 6 Won’t you
4
1 a ’d stayed b ’d been staying
2 a ’d been trying b ’d tried 13
3 a ’d made b ’d been making 1 I am going to have to ask you to leave.
4 a ’d been driving b ’d driven 2 You have got to be kidding!
5 a ’d offered b ’d been offering 3 Is there really nothing you can do?
4 There must be some mistake.
5 I am awfully sorry about all of this.
5
6 Can I talk to whoever is in charge?
1 pointed 2 had 3 distract 4 coming up with
5 goes on 6 smashed 2A Develop your reading
2
6 1 hockey
1 miles and miles 2 cried and cried 2 sports science
3 ages and ages 4 laughed and laughed 3 triathlon
5 over and over 6 days and days 4 Her whole body was swollen and she had been
feeling bad for a couple of days.
5 rhabdomyolysis – kidney failure
7 6 one week
1 bashed; black and blue 2 irritates; itchy
3 arthritis; swollen 4 bumped; cold
5 strained; action 6 transplant; donor 3
1 F She told them to encourage her passion for
sport and exercise.
8
2 F She got a place because of her confidence and
1 going/about 2 just 3 going/due/supposed
focus but there were better players.
4 was 5 might/would 6 were
3 T
4 T
9a 5 F She felt like she had been hit by a bus.
6 F She thought she had come down with a bug,
1 In recent years, many organisations have lobbied
but it was more serious than that.
for a change in environmental policy.

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ROADMAP™ B2+ Students’ Book answer key

7 F She was kept in overnight but didn’t get better 3 an event in the park (The email doesn’t specify
so she was then seen by a specialist who what.)
diagnosed her problem. 4 The email doesn’t say.
8 T

2b
4 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 3 1, 2 4 1, 2 5 1, 2 6 1, 2 7 1, 2
1 laid-back 2 stubborn 3 nosy 4 focused
5 hyperactive 6 ecstatic 7 confident 8 selective
3a
Answers will vary but Ss might mention the points
5 in the Focus box.
1 laid-back 2 stubborn 3 nosy 4 focused
5 hyperactive 6 ecstatic 7 egotistical 8 fussy
3b
1 Dear Ina
6a 2 Like you, we are concerned about …
The first description is negative; the second is 3 … we badly need your help
positive. 4 high-profile individuals like you, respected
members of our community like you

6b
4
The words in bold help the reader to decide:
My first flat-mate was a young woman from Leeds Suggested answers:
and she was very peculiar. She was pushy but she 1 Like you, we are worried about the lack of green
was also immature and she often had a childish spaces in this unique city of ours.
smirk. She bought a lot of toiletries and hoarded 2 As a local citizen I’m concerned that litter is a big
them in her room so the stench of cheap problem.
perfume was always present throughout the house. 3 Our charity relies on the support of
My first flat-mate was a young woman from Leeds respected/well-known local people like you.
and she was unique. She was assertive but she 4 Securing the sponsorship of a successful local
was also youthful and she often had a child-like company such as yours would really help.
smile. She bought a lot of toiletries and stored 5 Last year we received a lot of support from
them in her room so the aroma of perfume was respected/well-known leaders of the community
always present throughout the house. like you.

2B Develop your writing 2C Develop your listening

2
2a
1 a new theatre
Email 1:
2 It’s over budget and behind schedule.
1 Fantastic Fitness for Everyone
3 It holds fewer people.
2 raise awareness and tackle the problem of lazy
lifestyles
3 a Fitness in the Park day 3
4 sponsor the event or a race, or give gifts that can
1 Disaster 2 some time next year 3 demolished
be used as prizes
4 The minister and other people
Email 2:
5 no longer in business 6 at least 7 two
1 Kids Group
8 doesn’t agree
2 provide a healthy breakfast and give local
children emotional and psychological support
3 an auction
4 donate items for the auction
Email 3:
1 Local Senior Support
2 The email doesn’t say.

10

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4
1 a very – minister b not that – interviewer
2 a solely – interviewer b one of – minister
3 a slightly – minister b very – interviewer
4 a hugely – interviewer b somewhat – minister
5 a substantially – interviewer
b marginally – minister

5b
1 never ➝ sometimes 2 bit ➝ really
3 slightly ➝ a long way 4 absolutely ➝ fairly

11

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Language bank 3A
UNIT 3 1
3A It’ll brighten up 1 working 2 is/looks 3 of (about is also possible)
Vocabulary 4 considering (debating is also possible)
5 shouldn’t 6 should (will is also possible) 7 be
The weather 8 supposed (going is also possible)
1
cold: bitter, chilly, frost, crisp, (miserable) 2
hot: sticky, humid 1 am supposed to be revising (am supposed to
sunny: brightened up, glorious revise is also possible)
wet: miserable, spitting, pouring down, soaked, 2 are expected to
thunderstorm, flooded 3 It shouldn’t be (that)
windy: blowing a gale, breeze 4 will be watching
5 is predicted to be
6 are you thinking of going
2
1 breeze = a small amount of a wind, spitting = 8b
raining a little bit
1 I’ll be seeing him later.
2 people might get blown over, roofs might get
2 There’s supposed to be a thunderstorm tonight.
blown off, trees might get blown down, trains
3 It’s set to change in the future.
might get delayed or cancelled
4 I’m hoping to avoid the flooding.
3 it starts pouring (down), it brightens up
5 It should brighten up this afternoon.
4 maybe because there’s going to be a gale,
thunderstorm or flooding
9
5 miserable, bitter (more rarely: chilly, frosty,
brightened up) 1 are set to; should see
2 it’ll probably be raining
3 We’re thinking; It’s supposed to be
Listening 4 I’m supposed to be going
4 5 It shouldn’t be
A3 B2 C4 D2 E4 F3 G1 H1
Speaking
5
12
a 4 b 1, 2
1 There’s going to be a thunderstorm tomorrow,
c 2 (also, possibly, 3 – if it gets very foggy and
but it should brighten up in the afternoon.
they’re stuck on a mountain)
2 No. The second speaker is supposed to be
d4 e3 f1
meeting a friend for a coffee so can’t go for a
walk tomorrow afternoon when the weather will
Grammar be OK.
Ways of expressing the future
7a 3B Law and order
1 It’s supposed to be warming up. Vocabulary
2 The hot weather is set to continue. The law and courts
3 So beware if you’re considering travelling there. 1a
4 Temperatures should drop.
A burglary B parking offence C pickpocketing
5 They’ll still be serving if we go now.
D graffiti / criminal damage
6 I’m supposed to be visiting a friend.
E illegal downloading / copyright infringement
F speeding
7b
1 reporting 2 predictions 3 formal 4 plans
5 pleasant 6 unpleasant 7 in progress

12

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2 Grammar
1 not guilty 2 damages of $3 million
Verb patterns and reporting
3 online fraud 4 in favour of
5 access to information 6 the verdict 7
7 of corruption 8 the defence 9 a nuisance announced – verb + (that) clause
10 the patent accused – verb (+ object) + preposition
accepted – verb + object
refused – verb + infinitive
Vocabulary bank 3B
persuaded – verb + object + (that) clause
Crime force – verb + object + infinitive
1 denied – verb + -ing
1 held up; armed; made off with; run; hiding
2 raid; seized; fire; wounded; custody
Language bank 3B
3 freed; assaulting; offensive; conviction; example
4 undercover; posed; front; trial; bail 1
1 blamed me for being / blamed me for making
them
2
2 assured me everything was/is
1 on 2 go 3 open 4 hold 5 previous 6 make 3 to call the police if
7 stand 8 set 4 vowed not/never to do/vowed he wouldn’t do
5 expressed their sadness over/about
Reading 6 begged me to come
4 7 was even considering stealing
1 a Samsung
b Apple; accused Samsung of copying the 2
iPhone’s design and key software features 1 (that) she knew 2 correct 3 me to take
c Jury decided in favour of Apple 4 denied using the company profits
2 a Standard Liege 5 managed to successfully argue
b Bosman; claimed his freedom of movement 6 the young woman to get
was being restricted
c Judges ruled in favour of Bosman 8a
3 a a cricket club a asked, promised
b The Millers; claimed the club was causing a b argued, blamed, criticised, warned
nuisance c admitted
c Judge ruled against the Millers

8c
5
1 The government’s promised to crack down on tax
1 T 2 F 3 T 4 NM 5 NM avoidance.
2 The prosecution’s asked the judge to throw the
case out.
6
3 The driver admitted breaking the law.
Suggested answers: 4 Activists have criticised the judge’s decision.
1 Ss’ own answers 5 His lawyers argued that he won’t get a fair trial.
2 other copyright and patent infringements; 6 The judge warned the jury to ignore press
companies not allowing employees to relocate; reports about the trial.
people bringing charges of nuisance in similar 7 The airline blamed the delay on technical
situations problems.
3 Samsung losing a lot of money or the quality of
their technology suffering; football clubs losing
money or their best players to richer clubs; the
new occupants of the house suffering the same
problems

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9b Language focus
1 threatened (I warned them that I would report even and hardly
them to the police if it happened again.)
2 both 5a
3 promised (They’ve discussed doing more to a hardly b even
enforce parking rules in the area.) c they come before the verb/word they emphasise
4 both
5 rejected (The Prime Minister has agreed to
resign/agreed to demands for his resignation.) 5b
6 encouraging (Police are demanding that anyone 1 before 2 almost doesn’t happen 3 should not
with any information should come forward.) 4 after
7 advised (My dad suggested (that) I (should) take
out a patent on my invention. / My dad Language bank 3C
suggested taking out …)
1
8 both
1 It was so noisy I could hardly hear myself think
…
Speaking 2 It was so cold, even the local people were
11 complaining …
3 I could hardly stay awake, even though it was
1 the Millers and the cricket club
an exciting race.
2 They agree with the verdict. The Millers must
4 I was so busy I hardly had time to speak to
have known about the cricket pitch when they
anyone …
moved there.
5 He was so rude, he even managed to annoy
3 The implication is that people moving into lively
Juana …
areas can’t complain about noise, etc.
6 I offered to pay for the tickets, but even then
hardly anyone wanted to come …
3C Fair play
7 … and we hope to attract even more in the
Reading future.
1 8 Even I can’t watch a whole game of snooker and
there’s hardly any sport that I wouldn’t watch.
1
A playing tennis B playing badminton
C ice skating D swimming E playing football
6b
F racing driving
2 They are all women. 1 I could hardly hear myself think.
3 Ss’ own answers 2 He didn’t even offer to help.
3 They didn’t even apologise.
3 4 They even tried to blame us.
5 I could hardly believe my ears.
Suggested answers:
6 She hardly spoke to me all evening.
1 agree (80% of sponsorship deals for male-only
sports, only 3.2% of airtime for women’s sports)
2 disagree (participation has soared, more women 7a
watching now too) 1 ’d hardly touched 2 could hardly see
3 disagree (financial opportunities being missed, 3 was hardly sweating 4 hardly played
generate extra income)
4 disagree (rising participation levels)
5 agree (opportunities being missed) 7b
6 agree (lack of focus on women’s sport … far The even sentences are stronger.
fewer women and girls exercise to keep fit than not even = absolutely nothing; hardly = almost
men) nothing

4
The best summary is sentence 2.

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8 7 strokes 8 fouling 9 burn off

1 She won the competition, but she didn’t even get 10 disqualified; bribes
a trophy.
2 He played terribly. He didn’t even win a game in 12
the last set.
Suggested answers:
3 She actually seems to be playing even better
1 Formula One racing, 1500m track race
than she was before she got injured.
2 cheating, taking banned substances
4 I’m usually optimistic, but even I thought they’d
3 go for a bike ride, walk 10,000 steps a day
lose.

Vocabulary bank 3C
9
Suggested answers: Phrasal nouns and phrasal verbs
1 … could hardly walk. / … couldn’t even bend 1
down to put my shoes on. 1d 2b 3e 4g 5f 6a 7c
2 ’d even get out of breath going up the stairs. /
could hardly run for the bus, let alone run 5k. 2a
3 … I could hardly stop jumping up and down. / …
1 turned out 2 break in 3 work out 4 lie down
I didn’t even care they’d cost so much.
5 write up 6 mixed up 7 went ahead
4 … could hardly speak. / … didn’t even know
what day it was!
5 … could hardly hear ourselves think. / … weren’t Speaking
even able to leave the house. 14
1 a personal sporting achievement
Vocabulary 2 It’s one of the things the man is most proud of in
Sports events, actions and news his life.
3 It was physically very difficult.
10
bribe = a payment or other incentive to make 3D English in action
someone do something illegal or immoral
disqualified = stopped from competing (because Vocabulary and listening 1
they broke a rule) Gender stereotypes
neck and neck = be very close in a race
2
lap = one go around a circuit (a race may be several
1 Why do men and women continue to be treated
laps of the circuit)
differently in the world of work?
burn off = use calories or fat that you have eaten
2 a documentary that claims the differences are
dive = move or jump quickly in a particular direction
due to nurture/the way we bring up our kids
or into a particular place
3 outline of the documentary, the presenter’s own
turning pro = becoming professional
thoughts, discussion
foul = do something to another player that is against
the rules of the sport
possession = control of the ball (in football, rugby, 3
hockey, etc.) Explaining the structure
stroke = the act of hitting the ball with a bat or (I’m here today to talk to you about …)
racket What I’ll do first is …
sponsorship (deal) = when a company gives money I’ll then go on to …
to an event or sportsperson in return for advertising … before finally -ing
or publicity Outlining what will happen
talk back = reply in a rude way to a referee, teacher give you a brief outline of …
or parent who is giving an order or punishment give some of my own thoughts …
open(ing) up the floor for discussion.
11
1 sponsorship 2 turned pro 3 dived
4 possession 5 lap; neck and neck 6 talking back

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Listening 2 3b

6b All the features make the leaflet effective apart from

an academic tone and a balance of opinions.
1 There are no real physical or mental differences
at this age, but already major differences in their
attitudes – boys have higher self-esteem and 5a
rate their intelligence more highly; girls score Introduction: 1, 2 Section 1: 3, 4 Section 2: 5–8
higher in terms of empathy and expressing Section 3: 9–11 Section 4: 12–14
emotions – though boys express anger more! Call to action: 15
2 The documentary only discusses seven-year-
olds in detail. It mentions that it is women who
5b
suffer inequality later in life but doesn’t describe
the differences. Suggested answers:
3 The documentary supports the view that the Section 1: Lost time?
differences are definitely more to do with nurture Section 2: Social isolation
and are therefore cultural differences. Section 3: Health concerns
Section 4: Time to act

7 3B Develop your listening

The speaker explicitly stated she was ending one 2b
section and turning to another. (OK. So, that’s the
Student 1
outline. Now, turning to my own thoughts, …)
1 because he failed an assignment
She also introduced the discussion. (OK. That’s
2 broken their own guidelines by having the same
basically all I have to say for the moment, but I’d
examiner mark his project twice
like to open things out to the group now and see
3 to declare his project a pass
what you think or if you have any questions.)
4 The judge ruled against the student.
Student 2
8b 1 because he didn’t get a first in his degree
2 He claimed they had failed to teach him
Suggested answer:
adequately.
How the speaker kept the listeners’ attention:
3 to award him one million pounds
summarising, giving examples, giving their own
4 The judge ruled against the student.
opinion, inviting listeners to ask questions and
Student 3
encouraging them to do so
1 because she claimed her degree had not helped
her career as much as she had been led to
9a believe
Suggested answer: 2 They had misrepresented the value of the
OK. ↓ / So, ↑ / that’s the outline. ↓/ Now, turning to degree to her career.
my own thoughts, ↑ / I found the programme really 3 to award her fifty thousand pounds
fascinating. ↓ / It made me think a lot about my own 4 The judge ruled against the student.
education and upbringing. ↓ / Overall, ↑ / I suppose
the programme was more focused on boosting girls’
self-esteem, ↑ / because it’s women who suffer 4
inequality later in life, ↑ / but what I liked most was 1 doubled over the last 20 years
that the experiment also benefited boys. ↓ / I’ve 2 increased eight times faster than wages over the
since seen one of the mothers being interviewed ↑ / last 30 years
and she commented on how her son was better 3 tripled over the last 30 years
behaved ↑ / and nicer to his sister ↑ / as a result of 4 one and a half times higher than for non-
the changes at school. ↓ graduates
5 three quarters of graduates
3A Develop your writing
2a 6

1a 2c 3c 4b 1b 2b 3b 4b 5c 6a

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3C Develop your reading

2a
1b 2d 3a 4c

2b
1 Emma 2 Sue 3 both 4 Emma 5 neither
6 neither 7 Emma 8 Sue

3b
1 Sue convinced someone famous to be her
mentor so she is probably a good negotiator.
2 Emma describes her field work as challenging so
her work is probably more physically demanding.
3 Sue mentions her family quite a lot so she is
probably more family-oriented.

4
Sue is more informal in her answers.

5b
Suggested answers:
1 a Emma b Sue
2 a Sue b Emma
3 a Sue b Emma
4 a Emma b Sue
5 a Emma b Sue

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7 a survey
UNIT 4 b defining
4A Time of your life c no pronoun because survey is the object of the
clause so the relative pronoun can be omitted
Reading
8 a old people
2 b non-essential
1 more loneliness – especially among the elderly c many of whom – we use of whom to refer to
and teenagers and young people one part/aspect of a group of people
2 increasing life expectancy, fragmented families – 9 a the [next biggest] group
people moving away for work/living in smaller b defining
homes c that
3 care homes with kindergartens, free 10 a projects
accommodation in exchange for company, mixed b non-essential
housing developments c whose – the goal ‘belongs’ to the projects
11 a care homes [that] incorporate a kindergarten
3 b non-essential
c the positive impact of which – we use of which
1 ✓ (… it seems hard to believe that there was
to refer to one part/aspect of a thing or group
once …)
2 ✗ (It may be true but is not specifically
5b
suggested in the article.)
1 who 2 that 3 where 4 why 5 who
3 ✗ (It may be true but is not specifically
6 whose 7 of which 8 of whom
suggested in the article.)
9 during which time
4 ✗ (It may be true but is not specifically
suggested in the article.)
5 ✓ (… the positive impact of which you can see Language bank 4A
…) 1
6 ✗ (They are investing in housing schemes 1 g – His parents have a company that produces
where different generations are brought furniture, so he might be able to get us some
together.) cheap deals when we move house.
2 f – The town of Salento, which is in the centre of
Grammar the coffee-growing region, offers lots for tourists.
3 h – The student residence we’re staying in is
Defining and non-defining relative clauses
fairly basic, but it is clean.
5a 4 d – I have ten cousins, most of whom are a fairly
1 a offspring similar age to me, but I don’t socialise with them.
b non-essential 5 e – Their boss received a 253% salary increase,
c who – refers to a person most of which was a bonus for good
2 a mutually beneficial arrangement performance, while the rest of the staff only got a
b defining pay rise of 2.6%.
c whereby – explains the process or method 6 c – The company has a pay scheme in which
3 a reasons every employee gets a 5% bonus and they also
b defining provide free health insurance.
c why – explains the reason (could be left out or 7 a – When I was at school in the 1990s, during
replaced with that ) which time there was an economic crisis, we
4 a over the last fifty years often had no heating, so we had to wear coats in
b non-essential class.
c during which time – refers to something that 8 b – I graduated in 2009, at which time it was
happened during that period of time difficult to find jobs back home, so I came here to
5 a situation study for a Master’s and I’ve never been back.
b defining
c where – replaces the prepositional phrase in 2
which 1 both 2 who 3 by which time 4 of whom
6 a major consequences for how we live 5 which 6 where 7 in which 8 of which
b non-essential
c perhaps the most damaging of which
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7 4B Fashion icon
1 My grandmother, who’s 96 now, still lives on her
Vocabulary
own.
Clothes and fashion
2 He gave me good advice, none of which I can
remember! 2b
3 My uncle gave me L100, most of which I’ve Patterns: checked, flowery, stripy
already spent. Accessories: a pendant on a chain, a bracelet, a
4 There’s no reason (why) she would do that. stud
5 I’ve got loads of cousins, most of whom I hardly Clothes: tights, a blouse, a cap
ever see. Parts of clothes: a buckle, laces, a strap
6 They’ve lived there since 2012, during which Styles of clothes: flared, faded, ripped
time the area has changed a lot. Hair: dyed, a bob, wavy
Suggested additions:
Vocabulary Patterns: polka dot, tartan
Accessories: clutch bag, bangles, gloves
Describing different age groups
Clothes: a top, leggings, a sweater
10 Parts of clothes: a zip, a button, a collar
1d 2g 3c 4f 5a 6b 7e Styles of clothes: tie-dye, vintage, casual
Hair: a man bun, curly, straight
Can be seen in the photos:
11 stripy pattern; a bob
Suggested answers:
1 Can he walk? / Did it affect his speech? / 3
How does he get around?
1 positive 2 negative 3 negative 4 negative
2 Does she get any support? / How bad is it?
5 positive
3 What kind of thing does he sing?
4 Does she live on her own?
5 How old is he? Listening
6 How old is she? / Why’s that, do you think? 6
7 Do you get on? / In what way?
1i 2a 3d 4g

Vocabulary bank 4A 7
1 a4 b4 c1 d2 e1 f3
on: average, the ball, second thoughts
in: a bad way, other words, theory
Grammar
at: any moment, least, the top of your voice
by: choice, definition, rights Noun phrases
9a
2a 1 I had to go to the Clios, this awards ceremony
1 at 2 on 3 on 4 by 5 in 6 on 7 in 8 in 9 by for people in advertising.
10 at 11 On 12 at 2 I actually only possess one dress – a flowery
silk thing handed down to me from my
grandma.
Speaking
3 I have a checked shirt I bought when I was on
12a holiday a few years ago.
1 neighbour and brother’s classmate 4 Then I had it long and natural. Then it was short
2 oldest person he knows, met him at a care home hair with highlights.
through a school voluntary work scheme 5 I use a very nice beard wash containing
3 nephew, older sister’s son coconut oil and honey.

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9b 4C Being me
1 a flowery silk thing / a checked shirt / short hair
Vocabulary
/ a very nice beard wash
2 this awards ceremony / flowery silk thing / Influences and identity
beard wash 2
3 this awards ceremony for people in 1 emphasis on 2 rebelled against
advertising 3 stand out from 4 impacted on
4 for people in advertising / with highlights 5 do something meaningful with 6 pointless to
5 (which is) for people in advertising / 7 influential in 8 treated (us all) as equals
(which was) handed down to me from my gran / 9 make (what she was teaching) relevant to
(which) I bought when I was on holiday a few 10 a (real) blessing for 11 a leading figure in
years ago 12 rubbed off on 13 an (a really) invaluable
6 handed down to me experience 14 owe a (real) debt of gratitude to
7 containing coconut oil and honey

Vocabulary bank 4C
Language bank 4B
Phrasal verbs
1
1 jacket; coat 2 It; Jawaharlal Nehru 1
3 jacket; The Beatles 4 villains; jackets 1 a rubs off b rubbed off on
5 jacket; classic 2 a stands out from b stand out
3 a going on about b go on
2 4 a stand in b standing in for
The British model, dancer and film star Audrey 5 a fell out with b fall out
Hepburn, loved for her roles in such classic films as 6 a cracking down on b cracking down
1953’s Roman Holiday, popularised the ‘little black 7 a catch up b catch up on
dress’ with elbow-length black gloves and a pearl 8 a fight back against b fight back
necklace, wearing the outfit for the first time in
Breakfast at Tiffany’s, which was released in 2a
1961 to international praise.
1 stand out from 2 cracking down on
3 fallen out with 4 rubbed off on 5 going on about
10a 6 fight back
1 iconic mid-calf-length boots, originating in Munich
in the 1950s Reading
2 a special sole created to provide comfort for
4
people with foot injuries
3 Bill Griggs, a shoemaker in Northampton in the 3 (I’m sure all the films, music and books I’ve
UK consumed over the years have also rubbed off
4 fashion accessory for punks on me)
5 renewed interest in the boots from the Asian
market, which has been growing rapidly 5
(arranged in the order they appear in the text)
10b Captain Jack was dressed in 19th-century pirate
Suggested answers: dress.
clogs from Holland, the kilt from Scotland, Ugg A week later he was wearing the same outfit.
boots from Australia, wellington boots (wellies) from He’d been around the area (amusing and confusing
the UK, sarongs from Southeast Asia, Havaianas people) for years.
flip-flops from Brazil The films, music and books she’s consumed over
the years have rubbed off on her.
DNA accounts for over half of all psychological
differences.
Families and schools account for just five percent
of all psychological differences.

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Language focus 5a
1 could hardly see (anything) 2 ’s hardly played
Prepositions 1
3 Hardly any 4 hardly ever go 5 could hardly walk
7a
1 on 2 at 3 by 4 for 5b
1 It was so cold out there that I couldn’t even feel
7b my hands.
2 It was embarrassing because even my little
1 account for 2 useless at 3 emphasis on
brother finished before I did.
4 by nature
3 That wasn’t a foul. I didn’t even touch him!
4 She was great last year, but I think she’s playing
Language bank 4C even better this year.
1 5 I was so excited when I got the tickets, I didn’t
1 Without 2 in 3 at 4 against 5 in 6 about even care how much they’d cost!
7 at 8 at 9 with 10 on 11 to 12 for 13 of
14 by 15 with 16 to 17 to 18 to 6a
1 sponsorship 2 disqualified 3 possession
8a 4 bribes 5 talking back 6 dived 7 lap
1 I participated in a competition. 8 shots/strokes
2 I was always keen on sports.
3 I’m useless at cooking. 7
4 I have great belief in myself. 1 whom 2 which/that/– 3 why/– 4 where
5 They put emphasis on education. 5 who/that 6 whose 7 where

9 8a
1 paralysed 2 way 3 initiative 4 insecure
1 be crazy about 2 (quite/completely) by accident
5 ball 6 sharp
3 jealous of 4 out of control 5 in(to) the habit
6 (really) approve of 7 faith in
9
1 dyed 2 ripped 3 faded 4 loud 5 checked
Speaking
12 10
1 parents, music, education, fashion, politics, 1 tied 2 ripped 3 wearing 4 made 5 selling
friendships
2 Yes 11a
1 invaluable, gratitude 2 influential, equals
3 emphasis, rebelled 4 meaningful, pointless
4 Check and reflect: Units 3–4
5 impacted, stand out
1a
1 soaked 2 crisp 3 glorious 4 chilly 5 humid 12
6 bitter 7 miserable 1 useless at 2 capable of 3 by accident
4 benefit from 5 in debt

2
13
1 is predicted to be 2 ’s going to brighten up 1 What I will do first is provide some context.
3 ’ll be visiting 4 ’s expected to be 2 After that, I will explain the reasons for this
5 ’re supposed to be having 6 ’s set to change problem.
7 ’re hoping 3 I will then go on to put forward some solutions.
4 So what exactly is the article about?
3a 5 I’d like to open it up for discussion.
1d 2b 3g 4f 5a 6c 7e

4
1 not to stay 2 talking 3 that they made
4 that we’re doing 5 to increase 6 for posting

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4A Develop your listening 3 While some people argue that everything

becomes more expensive over time, the truth is
2
that clothes have become cheaper over recent
1F 2T 3T 4T 5F 6F 7T 8T years.
4 Instead of having glamorous lives, top models
have to work very hard to stay in shape.
3
The correct order is f, b, h, a, c, e, g, d.
7
1c 2a 3e 4b 5d
4
a, c, f, g 4C Develop your reading
2
6 1a 2a 3a 4b 5a
1b 2b 3a 4b 5a 6a
3b
4B Develop your writing
1 when they think that they will benefit from being
2b nice
1 1222 2 16th 3 rich 4 90% 5 sweatshirt 2 You should only take one piece of free cake.
6 L200 3 because a stranger read his handwriting and
described his character very well
4 because her boyfriend did selfish things and his
3 behaviour influenced her
1 for 2 against 3 for 4 against 5 for 6 for 5 You shouldn’t try to get to know them because it
7 against 8 against is pointless.

4a 4
The essay is against school uniforms. 1b 2a 3a 4b 5a
Arguments 2, 4 and 7 are mentioned.
5
4b a small things that can tell you what a person is
All the features apply except: like
Equal weight is given to both sides of the argument. b showing no gratitude and treating service staff
The writer frequently uses I and We. like second-class citizens
c provided free cake for customers
d taking a big handful of cakes and stuffing them in
5 his mouth
In principle, school uniforms enable students to feel e when someone looked at his handwriting and
equal, but in practice children see school uniforms described him perfectly
as taking away their right to choose … f his belief that the way handwriting slants shows if
Instead of educating the students, the teacher is the writer is more emotional or more logical
forced to waste time checking … g how he kept the umbrella to himself
h selfish behaviour like the way her boyfriend kept
6 the umbrella to himself
i that you can judge a person by the friends they
Suggested answers:
keep
1 In principle, fashion allows us to show our
individuality but in practice it simply encourages
us to follow the crowd.
2 Theoretically, clothes don’t matter but in reality,
we judge people by their appearance.

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6
Suggested answers:
Ss could identify any of the following:
when they’re behind the wheel of a car – people
who seem really calm and happy
That causes a lot of accidents – driving like
maniacs and not obeying the rules of the road
that it’s everyone else’s fault – the accidents
I had a friend like this – who changed when they
got behind the wheel of a car
every time I got in the car with her – the friend I
once had
if you do – trust these people

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8 The presenter says she might not be in a state to

UNIT 5 talk about books at that time in the morning.
5A On the move
Vocabulary Grammar
Commuting Continuous forms
2 8b
The correct order is b, d, c, a. 1 ’re listening 2 ’ll be discussing 3 ’re trying
4 have been forming 5 can be doing
6 are increasingly being taken over 7 ’m talking
3 8 ’d been taking 9 were reading
All the things are mentioned. The answers below Why each form is used:
are arranged in the order they are mentioned. 1 present continuous: an action started, but not
a pile-up: northbound carriageway, shed its load, a finished at the moment of speaking
tailback, debris 2 future continuous: an action starting at a future
roadworks: a bypass, diversions, hold-ups, crawling point and extending over a period of time with
delays on the railway: a power failure, a people calling in in the middle
replacement bus service 3 present continuous: an action started, but not
a suspicious package: a roadblock, evacuated, the finished at the moment of speaking
all-clear, flowing freely 4 present perfect continuous: an action started at
some point in the past, continuing over an
extended period of time to now, still continuing
Vocabulary bank 5A
5 can + continuous: it is possible for them to be
Adverbs doing more – while they are commuting, over
1a that extended period of time
6 present continuous passive: an action started,
1 thoroughly 2 reluctantly 3 freely; seriously
not finished – passive
4 individually 5 Vaguely 6 abruptly
7 present continuous: an action started, but not
finished at the moment of speaking
1b 8 past perfect continuous: an action started before
1 check thoroughly (go through thoroughly, the party and repeated or continuing over an
thoroughly enjoy/approve) extended period of time up to (and beyond) the
2 reluctantly agree (reluctantly ecide/accept/allow) party
3 freely admit (move/talk/live/speak/roam freely); 9 present continuous: an action started, but not
take seriously (seriously injure/consider) finished at that point in the past, the reading was
4 speak individually (work/sing/meet individually) in progress.
5 vaguely remember (ask/gesture vaguely)
6 leave abruptly (end/stop abruptly)
Language bank 5A
1
Listening 1 a will talk
5 b will be talking (’re talking is also possible)
3, 5, 6, 8 2 a was driving
b drove
3 a have been clearing (were clearing is also
6 possible)
Suggested answers: b has cleared
3 the Tokyo oshiyas, who push people onto the 4 a am commuting (have been commuting is also
trains during rush hour to squeeze everyone on possible)
5 wifi now means that our daily lives are b commute
increasingly being taken over by work. 5 a wouldn’t have
6 Amy Dickett’s commute blog is a project where b wouldn’t be having
she takes a picture of people on her commute
and asks them questions about their lives.

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2 5 It’s proof people are noticing real wildlife while

1 correct 2 correct 3 went was going playing a game.
4 is evacuated is being evacuated
5 I’ll drive I’ll be driving Grammar
6 I’m taking I’ve been taking 7 correct
8 It’s repairing It’s being repaired Participle clauses
7a
9b a looking b Hidden c Having analysed
1 The tailback’s getting worse and worse. 1 They add extra information.
2 We’d been crawling along for hours. 2 b – it’s formed with a past participle (also the
3 They’ve been setting up roadblocks all over the house can’t hide itself!)
country. 3 a and c – looking emphasises that this action
4 It was snowing really heavily. continues for the duration of the one in the main
5 I’ll be taking the train up there. clause (walk); Having analysed emphasises that
6 The train must be running late. this action happened before the one in the main
clause (they published)
10
1 was cycling – started not finished, in progress at Optional extra activity
a point in the past Wanting to find out the answers to this question, …
2 was wearing – started not finished, in progress at … this should not surprise us, given the major
a point in the past changes there have been to the way childhood is
3 had scratched – once, finished experienced.
4 both – continuous form emphasises the duration, Taken together, all these factors mean …
that it is an extended activity Spending far less time outside than our
5 ’d been standing – started before the accident, grandparents did … characters ‘hidden’ in real
continued over an extended period of time, now world places, …
able to help
6 came – once, finished
7 ’s being investigated – at the moment, still Language bank 5B
continuing 1
1 Located 2 Catering 3 Eating 4 looking
5B In the wild 5 having exercised 6 can’t be changed
7 having been told 8 can’t be changed
Vocabulary
Geographical features 2
2b 1 As I stretched 2 both 3 Following
4 Because the route was very rocky 5 both 6 both
1 shoreline 2 sandy 3 dunes 4 mainland
7 Having been burnt 8 having cut
5 channel 6 mountainous 7 valley 8 sea level
9 pass 10 ridge
9
Reading 1 Located 2 Climbing 3 Having visited
5 4 Living 5 Built 6 Introduced 7 Having struggled

1 It compared knowledge of Pokemon characters

with knowledge of things in the natural world. Speaking
2 unsurprised 11
3 kids can’t play outside on their own or travel far Speaker 1
from the home; fewer green spaces; a mountainous area in Russia near Georgia;
watching/consuming nature programmes (or beautiful highland region; valleys, rivers, lakes,
activities) rather than paying attention to the real glaciers, caves; can do outdoor pursuits (hiking,
environment; not learning words for nature horse-riding, skiing) and perhaps see eagles
4 Parents are also spending less time outdoors. b needs to attract more tourists – poor area, not
Grandparents spent more time outside when many tourists
they were children than children do now.
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Speaker 2 3b
a an island area off the coast of Vietnam; it’s a Suggested answers:
marine reserve; you can go diving, do water home: go into a retirement, stable, come, go, get,
sports, see wildlife bring/take something/somebody
b needs greater protection – speed boats and the house: a dilapidated, a modest, an unoccupied, rent
number of tourists are damaging the a, demolish a
environment
4a
5C House or home?
1 leave 2 ownership 3 care 4 warming
1 a home truth = a true but unpleasant fact that
5 round 6 improvement
someone tells you about yourself
2 on the house = free
3 drive something home = insist on or repeat a Reading
point until it’s clearly understood 5
4 get on like a house on fire = have a very good Yes – there are lots of them; People show off their
relationship with someone beautiful, expensive homes!

Language focus 6
Translation and collocation The writer would probably agree with statements 1,
2 3, 4 and 6.
Suggested answers:
The benefits of each suggestion: Vocabulary
• You avoid the trap of word for word translation
Homes and decoration
and bringing L1 collocations over into English
and you learn more about how words are 8
actually used (with other words). 1 They live in this exclusive block of flats that
• Words often have particular grammatical features looks out over the beach. I can’t imagine what it
that they are often used with. This might include is worth! They also have a lot of antique
articles, prepositions, whether they’re used in the furniture and a cupboard full of china plates.
active or passive, whether a verb is transitive or 2 His office is a tip and full of clutter. There are
intransitive, etc. stacks of magazines on the floor, a broken
• You can test yourself. If you’re feeling a bit lazy, coffee maker, various cups and awards on the
look at the English and say the L1 version; to bookshelves. And these dusty old blinds over
push yourself, look at the L1 version and say the the windows. I don’t know how he can work in
English there.
• This helps you see how similar words are used 3 She’s got African ornaments on the shelves
differently and helps you remember the meaning, from when she lived in Kenya and the walls are
too. filled with framed certificates and letters of
• Mind maps help people who benefit from visual thanks from clients.
representations to remember. 4 They have quite a spacious living room, which
• Keeping a record of new language in an has these big glass doors that slide open on to
organised way helps you revisit and retrieve the this shady little patio with pot plants and a
language. barbecue. It’s lovely in the summer.
5 Their place always looks spotless; there are
never any toys or clothes in sight. They have all
Language bank 5C
these fitted cupboards and if you open them,
1 everything’s all neatly arranged and every
1 make 2 make 3 done 4 doing 5 make surface is polished and shiny!
6 make 7 doing 8 did 9 make 10 do

3a
A home B house

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9b 4 The speaker likes the view. It overlooks

1 a budget of half a million farmland, where people grow fruit and
2 a lot of antique furniture vegetables, and you can also see mountains and
3 full of clutter the shoreline of the sea.
4 stacks of books 5 framed photos of all ten kids, a low-hanging
5 all kinds of Asian ornaments antique lamp
6 a set of framed photographs 6 The clutter and the pictures reflect bits of her life.

5D English in action
Vocabulary bank 5c
Vocabulary
Collective nouns
Hosting guests
1a
1c 2a 3e 4b 5f 6d 2a
1 an en suite is a private bathroom next to a
1b bedroom
7 i 8 k 9 h 10 g 11 j 12 l 2 something communal is shared freely by a group
of people
2 3 you flush water to clear the toilet
1 body of evidence 4 a payment clears when the money appears in
2 string of attacks the account
3 wave of strikes 5 setting off an alarm (e.g. by burning something)
4 flood of applications causes a loud sound
5 bunch of keys 6 dimensions are the size or measurement of
6 pack of lies something
7 mob of angry people 7 an amount that is payable must be paid
8 a herd of wild elephants 8 recycling bins are where you put rubbish that can
9 stack of letters be treated so that it can be used again
10 panel of experts 9 a safe is a strong metal box where you keep
11 flock of sheep/ducks money and valuable things
12 fleet of vehicles 10 a duvet is a kind of thick blanket

Speaking 2b
12b 1 G; D 2 H; D/A 3 G; A 4 H; D 5 H; A
Speaker 1 6 G; D 7 H; D 8 H; A 9 G; D/A 10 G; A
1 It’s the home of a friend, who lives with his
parents. Listening
2 We don’t hear where it is.
4
3 The house itself is pretty normal but it’s full of all
sorts of weird things. They talk about g, a, b and e in that order.
4 the cool posters and sketches
5 the bookshelves, DVDs, video games, cola 5
bottles, a collection of little plastic figures, cool 1 ✓ (lively) 2 ✗ (Korean or Japanese)
posters and sketches 3 ✓ (It’d probably be wise to) 4 ✗ (a warehouse)
6 The friend wants to be a designer and his room 5 ✓ (free comedy nights) 6 ✓ (spoilt for choice)
reflects this. 7 ✗ (till midnight) 8 ✗ (preferably licensed ones)
Speaker 2 9 ✗ (the guest doesn’t need it but the host does
1 her Gran’s have one)
2 top-floor flat in a block of flats in a suburb of
Valencia
3 modern, reasonably spacious, clean and tidy 6b
(though one room is full of clutter) 1 check out; must 2 wise 3 ought 4 best bet
5 advisable; Make sure 6 preferably

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7 2b
1 make sure you 2 ought to 1 four
3 ’d be well advised to 4 there’s no harm in 2 The acid rain threatened to eat through their
5 (really) should check out 6 It’s a must ropes.
7 best bet would be to (best bet is to is also 3 to conduct experiments in the core of the volcano
possible)
8 it’s advisable to 9 it’d be wise to (it’s wise to is
also possible) 3b
1 faint-hearted 2 fiery 3 a heavy downpour
4 tumbling down 5 running low
8
6 abandon the mission 7 scorching 8 deafening
1 I’d prefer to stay here. 9 awe-inspiring 10 gruelling
2 I’d ask him, if I were you.
3 That would be your best bet, I guess.
4 It’d probably be wise. 4b
5 Would you mind? They engage the reader’s imagination (by making
6 I would, but that’s just me. the story more dramatic or easier to imagine and
Would is in every sentence. bringing the reader closer to the action).

9b 5
1f 2d 3c 4e 5b 6a 2 a lake of lava as big as a football field
3 We felt like astronauts / the volcano felt like a
5A Develop your listening bomb that might explode
2a
1 at a train station 2 on a bus 3 in a hospital 6
4 at a stadium 5 on a plane 6 in a shop
1 b – more descriptive language
7 at an airport 8 in a shopping centre or
2 a – use of as … as comparison
department store
3 a – use of comparison using felt like + clause
4 a – more descriptive language
2b
5 b – use of comparison using felt like + clause
1 the 9.36 to Durham; not enough train drivers 6 b – use of as … as comparison
2 get off the bus
3 dial zero on a phone
4 stand up for a moment of silence to remember 7a
Dame Marjory Eagle Suggested answers:
5 to welcome passengers on board and introduce 1 The most lucid memory from my early years is of
the chief flight attendant me standing rigid under a tree right in the middle
6 pay for anything in their basket now and leave of a storm. I was soaked.
7 go to gate 53 2 I feel most serene when I’m reclining on a beach,
8 15 percent off swimwear the sand under me and the sea in front of me,
stretching out like an endless ocean.
3 I’m petrified of dogs. When I meet a huge one
3b
my mouth goes as dry as sandpaper and my
1e 2g 3a 4d 5f 6b 7h 8c legs start to tremble. I want to run away hurriedly.
4 On my very first day at school, the institution felt
4 as big as a city and I was surrounded by a
multitude of other infants.
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 both 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a
9 both 10 a

5B Develop your writing

1a
A fumes B crater C core D lava
E descent F ascent
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5C Develop your readinɡ

1b
1 c
2 b (although according to research the
average child only plays with 12 of them)
3 c 4b 5a

2
1e 2c 3f 4a 5g 6b

3
1 NM 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 NM 6 T 7 F 8 NM

4b
Suggested answers:
1 retrieve = a verb and is important to understand
the sentence
2 neglect = a verb and is important to understand
the sentence
3 extravagantly = an adverb and is not necessary
to understand the sentence
4 separation = a noun but it is sufficient to
understand that it is an example of a stressful life
event to understand the sentence
5 materialistic = an adjective but quite important in
the sentence

5b
Suggested answers:
It’s probably worth guessing or checking the
meaning of 1, 3 and 5 as they are nouns or verbs.
It’s probably also worth checking 6 as although it’s
an adverb, it’s important in the sentence (it also
reoccurs as an adjective later in the sentence).
1 paradox = noun; meaning = a situation that
seems strange because it involves two ideas that
are very different
2 promptly = adverb; meaning = immediately
3 outlast = verb; meaning = continue to exist
longer than
4 patently = adverb; meaning = obviously
5 baffle = verb; meaning = if something baffles
you, you can’t understand or explain it at all
6 rationally = adverb; meaning = sensibly, logically

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Grammar
UNIT 6
Adverbs and adverbial phrases
6A A difficult business
6
Reading
1 There were plenty of giants in the past that are
2 now seen as ‘dinosaurs’ or that have shrunk
1e 2c 3d 4a 5b quite dramatically.
2 It always ended in tears in our house – with my
3 parents angrily telling my brother not to be a
bully.
2, 3 and 6
3 Apparently, they wasted a lot of money
redecorating when they didn’t need to.
Vocabulary
Successful and failing businesses
7b
4 1 in the past = when; quite modifies dramatically;
1 undercut; board 2 monopoly; broken up dramatically = how much/the degree
3 struggling; management 4 turnover; valued 2 in our house = where/the place;
5 sustainable; branch out 6 focus; edge angrily = how/the manner they told him
3 Apparently = this is my opinion, based on what
5 I’ve heard and believe to be true

Suggested answers:
1 take out insurance, hire a competent corporate Language bank 6A
lawyer, protect its data, form alliances with other 1
companies 1 Prices have doubled in this country over recent
2 Good: a monopoly can benefit from economies months, yet they hardly ever talk about it on the
of scale (buying goods in bulk at a lower price), news.
higher profit can be used for research and 2 Considering it’s only our third year, I think we’ve
development done fairly well.
Bad: higher prices for customers, less incentive 3 The whole industry has had a terribly difficult
to cut costs, less incentive to invest and year so far.
research, can be less efficient, less choice for 4 I’ll be visiting several factories in the area in the
customers coming months.
3 Good: companies can spread the risk, can allow 5 I accidentally copied in the whole of the office
the company to survive as the economy changes when I sent that email.
Bad: requires new skill sets, can be risky, too 6 Amazingly, they managed to survive the year,
much diversification may mean a company is despite having debts of almost L100 million.
slow to respond to changes in the market 7 Inflation rose dramatically, but luckily, we had
4 undercutting (selling at a lower price), research, quite a lot of money saved up.
development, innovation, patents 8 Sadly, the big department store in town is going
to be closing soon. (is soon going to be closing
Vocabulary bank 6A is also possible)

Talking about the economy 2

1 1 meet regularly (regularly meet is also possible)
1g 2k 3c 4i 5l 6a 7f 8d 9b 2 understand perfectly
10 j 11 h 12 e 3 rose dramatically
4 reacts badly
5 selling well
2a 6 strongly denied
1 booming 2 sector 3 frozen
4 privatisation 5 crash

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8b 4
1 Supposedly, it’s OK. Suggested answers:
2 Generally, it’s easy. 1 stadium, metro or transport links, hotel space,
3 It’s literally next door. etc.
4 I’m obviously very happy. 2 a country is waging war against another place or
5 They’re apparently not so bad. people, violated human rights
3 a work of art (portrait, sculpture, poem, etc.), a
report, a survey
9b
4 Harvard, an Oscar
1 The economy has been growing quite slowly
5 an election, a large company opening its
over the last few years.
headquarters in an area
Over the last few years, the economy has been
growing quite slowly.
2 There are literally thousands of jobs on offer, Listening
but generally they are pretty poorly paid. 5
There are literally thousands of jobs on offer, 1 Palermo
but they are pretty poorly paid generally. 2 a protest (by owners of a bar) against criminal
3 Supposedly, they’re the smartest people gangs (the mafia)
around, but personally, I think they’re fairly 3 Manifesta (a prestigious art festival)
incompetent. 4 more tourists and income; investment in further
They’re supposedly the smartest people cultural, artistic and tourist-boosting activities
around, but I personally think they’re fairly 5 grants; put places on the map (makes them
incompetent. known); local people see arts events for the first
4 I’d happily work for this company for the rest of time; boosts local levels of well-being,
my life, but admittedly, I’m not terribly ambitious. confidence and pride
I’d work for this company happily for the rest of
my life, but I’m admittedly not terribly ambitious.
5 In the past, these companies led their markets, 6
but they have now shrunk dramatically or corruption and violence was a huge problem in
disappeared completely. Palermo
These companies led their markets in the past, businesses joined a campaign against criminal
but they have now shrunk dramatically or gangs
completely disappeared. some of the artworks in the Manifesta festival were
around the theme of climate change
6B On the map critics sometimes accuse bids to host events like
the Manifesta festival of being a waste of money
Reading and vocabulary local residents go to cultural events for the first
Hosting events time and winning a bid to host an important event
2a improves their levels of well-being, confidence and
pride
1 the Olympics 2 bad

Grammar
2b Further passive constructions
1 bid 2 catalyst 3 transformation 4 grants
8a
5 infrastructure 6 estimate 7 corruption
8 boycott 1 As a result of this transformation, the city was
rewarded by being named Italy’s capital of
culture in 2018.
3 2 If invested wisely, this money can put places
1a 2b 3a 4b firmly on the map
3 … Manifesta, which is considered to be Europe’s
most prestigious art festival

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4 It’s hoped that at the very least its profile will be pride and attract tourists without the city having to
raised. spend a lot.
In each case, we don’t know who does the action
and it’s not important to know. 6C Going out
Reading and vocabulary
8b Talking about arts events
a will be raised b being named 1
c is considered to be; It’s hoped d If invested A a small gig B a cabaret C a circus
e was rewarded by being named D a poetry reading E a photographic exhibition

Language bank 6B 2
1 1 They are spaces for experimental and alternative
1 was initiated 2 has been held 3 be brought performances that don’t fit in at more mainstream
4 put on 5 highlight 6 is thought 7 bringing events.
8 wishing 9 was created 10 reached 2 It has moved from the underground or fringe into
11 is selected (has been selected is also possible) the mainstream and become more and more
12 Being chosen popular and well-attended, but also more
commercial perhaps.
2
1 to award to be awarded
2 correct 3
3 assassinated was assassinated 20 million – people see fringe festivals events every
4 correct year
5 having to have 250 – fringe festivals around the world every year
6 were photographed (being) photographed 60 – the Adelaide Fringe is now 60 years old
7 Having selected Having been selected A$395 – the upper limit of the registration fee for
people who want to perform at the Adelaide Fringe
A$4,000 – the organisers of the Adelaide Fringe
9b
give grants of up to this amount to help artists
1 The event is believed to have brought benefits. second – the Adelaide Fringe is the second biggest
2 The World Cup is said to have earned Japan two global arts festival in the world (after the Edinburgh
trillion Yen. Fringe)
3 The boycott is reported to have hit the economy thousands – some performers spend thousands of
hard. dollars on their shows
4 The first event is thought to have been in 1863. three – the Adelaide Fringe is dominated now by
5 The bid is claimed to have cost millions. three main venues
three million – people attend the Adelaide Fringe
10 every year
1 be held; beat two – some people would like the Adelaide Fringe
2 being to be split into two distinct events
3 chosen; receive
4 resigned; being accused
5
5 is (often) argued; benefits
6 is believed to have cost 1 an open-mike night 2 a circus
7 did not consider/have not considered; received 3 a photographic exhibition 4 an indie film
8 generated; is expected to be spent 5 stand-up comedy 6 a small gig
7 a poetry reading 8 a cabaret
9 a community arts project
Speaking
13
Suggested answer:
It’s a literary festival; it will be a good thing to host
because it would raise the city’s profile, boost local
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Vocabulary bank 6C 3 so a big event such a big event

Compound adjectives 4 to expect me do to expect me to do
5 correct
1a/b
6 correct
1 b 2 a 3 f 4 e 5 c 6 d 7 k 8 i 9 l 10 h 7 as good I was expecting as good as I was
11 j 12 g expecting
8 to be so bad as it was to be as bad as it was (to
2 be so bad is also possible)
1 down-to-earth 2 user-friendly 3 old-fashioned
4 open-minded 5 easy-going 6 Check and reflect: Units 5–6
6 environmentally-friendly 7 well-behaved
1
8 fast-paced 9 densely-populated
1 load 2 failure 3 carriageway 4 service
10 hard-working 11 matter-of-fact 12 free-range
5 all-clear 6 diversion 7 debris 8 tailback

Listening 2
7 1 is being repaired 2 ’m working/’ll be working
3 be waiting 4 had been snowing 5 be sitting
1 One speaker saw a small gig by a band called
6 was driving 7 have (just) been crawling
Turtle Moon and a photographic exhibition about
industrial farming. They both saw stand-up
3
comedy by Jim Charles.
1 pass 2 valley 3 marine 4 rocky 5 mainland
2 The gig was amazing, the exhibition was very
6 shoreline (shore is also possible) 7 mountainous
powerful and moving. One speaker liked the
8 glaciers
stand-up, the other didn’t.
3 They disagreed about the stand-up. One speaker
4
thought it was too basic and rude.
1 Based 2 Having checked 3 Living 4 Built
5 Having visited 6 Looking
8a
5a
1 it to be a bit more varied
1 home 2 house (home is also possible but
2 how much there is
less frequent) 3 home 4 home 5 home 6 house
3 were much better than
7 house (home is also possible but less frequent)
4 something slower; a bit more folky
8 house
5 didn’t; to have such an effect on me
6 actually didn’t; to be so basic
6
1 a certificate 2 a pot plant 3 blinds
8b 4 bookshelves 5 an antique carpet
6 a china plate 7 a block of flats
1 the festival 2 comedy and cabaret
8 a cupboard
3 Turtle Moon 4 the music played by Turtle Moon
5 the photography exhibition
7a
6 Jim Charles, the stand-up comedian
1e 2c 3a 4b 5f 6d

Language focus 8
Word grammar and patterns (expect, surprised ) 1 Our turnover has increased quite dramatically in
the last year.
9b
2 Apparently, one of their competitors wants to
a3 b1 c4 d6 e5 f2 buy them.
3 Their products are amazing, but they’re
Language bank 6C incredibly expensive.
1 4 Benetton was started in Italy in the 1960s.
1 correct 5 I heard that the board have secretly agreed to
2 how big was the city how big the city was (that sell.
the city was so big is also possible) 6 We’ve expanded very rapidly over the last few
years.
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9a 6 T I felt sure that they could see the benefits of

1 infrastructure 2 boycott my approach and would all start to copy it in due
3 commission (contract is also possible) course
4 corruption 5 transformation 6 profile 7 T I figured that maybe they’d decided to give me
7 prestigious a permanent position already. Who knows,
maybe a promotion even!
10
1 is reported to/has been reported to
4
2 is (widely) believed to
It tells us that the colleague doesn’t like or care
3 be invested/have been invested
about Justin and that the meeting with the boss will
4 being given
not go well.
5 seen
6 are rumoured to have been stolen
7 be seen to be believed 5
Suggested answers:
11
‘All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,’
1 negative 2 positive 3 neutral 4 positive
retorted the guard that hadn’t helped me to
5 negative 6 positive 7 neutral (although
integrate with my new colleagues
collaboration is sometimes seen as intrinsically
They seemed nice enough, although I’d only
positive) 8 negative
spoken to one or two since arriving
I spent the next hour and a half printing out all the
12
emails I’d received the previous day
1 than 2 such 3 there 4 how
‘You’re the one who sends all those emails, aren’t
5 so (that is also possible)
you?’
6 as/so (very and that are also possible)
‘That’s right. And prints and files the ones I receive,’
I said
13
‘ … I’d get up there ASAP if I were you.’
1c 2f 3a 4b 5d 6e
I copied her in to all my emails
6A Develop your reading
2 6b
Suggested answer: Suggested answers:
Justin would probably agree with statement 3. 1 She wants to say something to him, possibly that
Reasons may vary but Ss could point out that Justin she hates it when he changes channels without
is very focused on his own beliefs and not at all asking her, but maybe that she’s leaving him.
interested in building relationships at work 2 He wants to talk to a woman he’s attracted to but
or aware of what other people think of him. he’s shy. He may not be successful in his
attempts.
3 Perhaps Sheila had won at the bingo and
3b decided to quit her job.
1 T ‘First in, last out,’ I replied with a big smile. 4 Caspian has eaten the family goldfish.
‘That’s my motto!’
2 T … once I had a permanent position, I planned
7c
to take it a bit easier and maybe even take some
time for lunch to chat to the people in my Suggested answers:
department 1 She was angry and/or was about to give him bad
3 F They seemed nice enough, although I’d only news.
spoken to one or two since arriving. 2 She didn’t respect him.
4 T I spent the next hour and half printing out all 3 She thinks he is clueless and incompetent.
the emails I’d received 4 She is furious and/or shocked.
5 F … added them to the growing pile of urgent 5 The colleagues were relieved or not interested.
emails on my desk

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6B Develop your listening 6C Develop your writing

2 2a
1 new headquarters (HQ) 2 two weeks 1 She loved it. 2 three hours
3 500 million dollars 4 5,000
5 population, 200,000; transport infrastructure, links
2b
6 tax breaks; lively and exciting
1T 2T 3F 4T 5F

3
3a
1 tasked 2 battling, host 3 ’s rumoured
1d 2a 3b 4c
4 hand 5 staff

3b
4b
a3 b4 c2 d1
Name: Stanfield
Population: 600,000
Main attraction: talent 4
Other attractions: Silicon Lakes area, a large
Follow the rule: believe, received, fierce, die,
selection of available housing
ceiling, deceiving
Main negative point: transport infrastructure not
Exceptions to the rule: seized, their, neither
good enough
Name: Riverborough
Population: 450,000 5
Main attraction: generous grants and tax breaks
1 weirdly 2 ancient 3 leisure 4 receipt
Other attractions: transport infrastructure,
5 Science 6 veins 7 conceived 8 weigh
international airport
Main negative point: not lively and exciting enough
Name: New Haling 6
Population: 1,200,000
1 definitely 2 correct 3 correct 4 acceptable
Main attraction: thriving inner city
5 correct 6 particularly 7 correct
Other attractions: well-educated labour force, where
Zanzing employees want to locate
Main negative point: local residents not sure they
want the HQ

5a
face: to deal with a difficult situation that is going to
affect you
hammer: to affect negatively, to have a big impact
on
balloon: to grow at a fast rate
house: to be or become the home to people or
things
bag: to win or take control of (literally to put it in
your bag because it is now yours)
highlight: to draw attention to

5b
1 ballooned 2 houses 3 bag 4 faced
5 highlighting 6 hammer

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10 positive – everything is going well (but maybe

UNIT 7 negative as the baby may have health problems)
7A Ups and downs
Vocabulary 3a
Life’s ups and downs 1 knot 2 fly 3 inherited 4 arrive 5 anniversary
1
A graduation Listening
B meeting your partner’s parents for the first time 4
C retirement 1 family members; a (50th) wedding anniversary
D having a baby get-together
2 a celebrity; a trial separation and falling out with
2a family
1 doctorate – study 3 a friend; a wedding
2 make a go of it – in this case, marriage;
trial separation – marriage 5
3 falling-out – family and home; a2 b1 c2 d1 e3 f3 g1 h3 i2
inherited – death
4 coming to terms with it – in this case, death (of
mother) Grammar
5 make a clean break – marriage, career or family Adding comments using must and can’t
and home;
native – family and home 7a
6 relocated – career (or family and home) 1 getting together with family
7 golden anniversary – marriage; 2 forgetting (his cousins’) names
get-together (= party) – family and home 3 being in the public eye all the time (with no
8 tie the knot – marriage purpose)
9 flew the nest – family and home 4 suddenly experiencing a big life change /
10 arrived – in this case, birth; someone suddenly becoming rich and famous
premature (= early) – in this case, birth 5 working long hours

2b
7b
Suggested answers:
1 must 2 can’t 3 generally 4 don’t usually
1 positive – a big achievement (maybe negative
that he now needs to find a job)
2 negative – splitting up therefore feeling lonely Language bank 7A
(but positive that they tried to stay together) 1
3 negative – an argument about money (but the 1c 2d 3f 4e 5b 6a
person who got the house might see it as
positive) 2
4 negative – he feels sad about the death 1 must be; is 2 can’t have taken; shouldn’t have
5 positive – make a clear decision and returning 3 can’t have been; was; must’ve enjoyed; did
home (but negative in that it could imply a failure in 4 must find; can get
marriage or work)
6 negative – an unplanned disruption (but positive
9
that the person still has a job and/or the new
town may be nicer) 1 That must’ve been; was; had
7 positive – they have stayed together so long and 2 That can’t be; isn’t (really/at all)
are having a party 3 That must be; it; be
8 positive – getting married/commitment (but may 4 That can’t have been; don’t think it was
be stressful to plan) 5 must’ve gone; did; That must be; It is
9 negative – maybe the parent feels alone (but
positive that the children are grown up and doing
well)
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7B Is it news? Language bank 7B

1
Vocabulary
1 have triggered; had made 2 be; hadn’t broken
Talking about the news 3 not be doing; had imposed
2a 4 hadn’t withdrawn; not be
Suggested answers: 5 didn’t care; not have sent
A might trigger violence or riots, causes
outrage/controversy 2
B causes controversy Incorrect options: 1 c 2 c 3 b 4 a
C creates excitement
D causes outrage, triggers an election, leads to 9
resignations 1 If he hadn’t been arrested, the true story might
not have been uncovered.
3 2 No one would’ve been surprised if we’d gone out
1 a contributing factor 2 expose a cover-up in the first round.
3 an offensive comment 4 withdraw from the treaty 3 They might not have won the election if the
5 impose tariffs 6 got through to the semi-finals national team hadn’t done so well.
7 massive coverage 8 a major breakthrough 4 It would have been a disaster if the president had
reacted differently. (It could/might have been a
disaster … are also possible)
Vocabulary bank 7B 5 If there weren’t (any) tariffs now, things might be
going even more badly. (… things might have
Secrets and lies
gone even more badly is also possible)
1 6 We might not be experiencing problems like this
1 plotting to remove 2 rumours circulating if they hadn’t cut back so much.
3 denied the allegations 4 leaked to the press
5 revelation has caused 6 made out that
7 keeping something from me 8 let slip that Speaking
9 sworn to secrecy 10 breathed a word 12
There was a fire in a block of flats.
2 The consequences have been: they’ve changed
1f 2a 3d 4c 5b 6e safety regulations; the government are now talking
about building more social housing; it caused
Reading outrage; it focused attention on the wider situation;
it may have changed attitudes to people in social
5
housing
c
7C A show of hands
Grammar
Listening
Second, third and mixed conditionals
1
7a
Suggested answers:
1 hadn’t come up with; wouldn’t have increased 1 at home: making family decisions such as what
2 would have to watch on TV
3 hadn’t come up with at school: deciding a class representative
4 would have; wouldn’t have increased at work: meetings about what to do, in union
meetings – voting for strikes, etc.
with friends: deciding how to pay, where to go
7b
on TV: on contestants in a reality show
1 imagined 2 Past simple 3 Past perfect in the area or country they live in: a local or
4 past 5 present general election or referendum

2
1 voting age 2 voter turnout
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3b 4 misrepresent, misunderstand, misbehave,

1 leave school, get married, start a family, also join mistrust
the army 5 multi-layered, multicultural, multicoloured,
2 the government can decide what happens in multimedia, multitask
schools, change university fees, make decisions 6 over-paid, over-worked, over-sensitive,
that impact on people and their families, decide if overachieve, overcook
the country should go to war 7 postmodern, postgraduate, post-production,
3 don’t own a home, probably don’t pay tax, not post-industrial
thinking about a pension 8 pre-election, prejudge, predate, pre-teen,
4 They are affected by the results of an election, prefabricated
just like 16-year-olds. 9 re-educate, re-enact, reheat, retake, resit,
5 it’s falling – so a lower voting age could help re-tweet
10 underachieve, underage, undercooked,
underdeveloped, underequipped
Language focus
Phrases to show the relationship between ideas 7D English in action
5b Listening 1
1 given all that 2 but then again 3 and yet
2b
4 even so 5 in spite of all that 6 Having said that
The first presentation refers to the graph, the
second presentation refers to the photo.
6 The graph shows how London flat prices have
1 given all that 2 but then again 3 and yet risen. (There was a steady rise until 2008, then a
4 even so 5 in spite of all that 6 having said that fall, then a recovery, then they rocketed and now
they have levelled off.)
The photo is of a residential housing development
Language bank 7C in Sydney, Australia. (It shows how cities develop
1 along major roads – and how central cars have
1 Having said that 2 What’s more become. It also shows how there are no
3 considering that 4 Yeah I mean facilities or footpaths.)

8b 3
1c 2a 3b 4f 5h 6d 7e 8g All the phrases are used, except for This is a
photo of … and That’s the equivalent of …

Vocabulary
Voting and elections Vocabulary
Vocabulary bank 7C Explaining statistics

Word building: affixes and word families 4

1C 2A 3F 4E 5D 6A 7F 8B
1
9 D 10 C 11 B 12 E
1 e 2 h 3 i 4 j 5 d 6 f 7 a 8 c 9 b 10 g

2
Listening 2
1 re-elected 2 disrespect 3 underestimated 6b
4 hopeful 5 powerless 6 misheard 7 pre-school Presentation 1
8 multi-storey 9 overdid 10 post-match Causes: a rising population, a housing shortage,
lots of overseas buyers buying property as an
3
investment, government policy
Suggested answers:
Effects: huge concern, protests, people unable to
1 dislike, disagree, disqualify, disobey, disconnect
get on the property ladder
2 powerful, peaceful, truthful, graceful, doubtful
3 pointless, hopeless, endless, breathless

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Presentation 2 2 whether City will get through to the finals

Causes: everything designed around roads and car 4 1 a report which says that there has been a
use cover-up in government
Effects: 50 percent of households in the suburbs 2 whether the prime minister will resign
own two or more cars, congestion, longer car 5 1 a plane that had to make an emergency
journeys for commuters, more noise and pollution landing
and slower public transport 2 whether there is anything wrong with that type
of plane
7b
1 down to a number of 2 accounted for some of 3
3 causing huge concern; given rise to protests 1 half the usual amount
4 what should be done 5 As a consequence 2 100 litres/a third less than currently
6 That, in turn, leads to 7 also means that those 3 12 percent
8 The question is 9 Let’s turn to that 4 They will raise prices again.
5 the semi-finals
9a 6 last year’s winners
The increases in property prices // are causing huge 7 covered up something
concern // and have given rise to protests. // Many 8 the deputy, Jasper Price
people simply can’t afford to get on the property 9 none
ladder // or live independently // – because the 10 The plane was flying through a storm.
average salary has failed to keep pace with
housing costs. // Salaries have risen by an average
4a
of just L10,000 over the same period of time. // That
means a flat // which cost around four times the a4 b1 c3 d5 e2
average salary in 1998, // now costs around
fourteen times the typical income. // Yes, you 4b
heard that right //// fourTEEN. 1 e 2 a, c 3 b, d

7A Develop your writing

5b
3 1 but what if it did; What would you do then
A2 B6 C7 D9 E1 F4 G3 H5 I8 2 What if everyone thought like you
3 that were true then they wouldn’t bother trying
4b
Suggested answers:
7C Develop your reading
1 Congratulations on passing your exams. 2a
2 Really sorry/So sorry to hear that you have lost A shows the website Mike used to allow people to
your job. vote on the decisions that he put before them.
3 With deepest sympathy on your loss. B shows the share price of shares in Mike going up
4 So glad to hear that you have found a new and down.
house.
5 Wishing you strength in the coming days.
3
7B Develop your listening 1b 2 b 3a 4a 5a 6b 7b 8a

2b
1 1 the water shortage in London and the
south-east of England
2 whether the woman should have shorter
showers
2 1 the increase in the price of train tickets
2 how to respond/whether to refuse to pay
3 1 a quarter-final football match that City win

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4
This drove the price higher and several people,
including Mike’s brother, cashed out, effectively
giving control of Mike to a total stranger.
when Mike’s story was picked up by the media,
many more people became interested and bought
shares, driving the price up even higher …
Mike began sleeping in short intervals throughout
the day and night, causing him to feel constantly
tired and irritable.

5
1 Mike moved in with his partner, annoying some
shareholders.
2 Mike turned himself into a company, giving
control of his life to his shareholders.
3 Interest in Mike’s experiment waned, causing the
share price to drop.
4 Wanting to buy a dishwasher, Mike’s brother
cashed out for a profit.
5 Mike’s shareholders voted no to a moustache,
meaning he wasn’t allowed to grow one.
6 Mike blogged about his experiment, catching the
attention of the national media.

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2
UNIT 8 1 is it that he
8A Jobs for life? 2 (exactly) is it (that) he writes /
is it (exactly) (that) he writes
Reading
3 on earth did he get
2b 4 do you/people think is
Dan is an information architect. The title of the 5 do you suppose he gets/earns
article is what people often ask him because they
are not familiar with his job title as it is a modern job
that didn’t exist until recently. The explanation 7
sounds a bit boring (and often kills conversation) 1 Who was it that told you about the job in the first
which is why he avoids small talk at parties – place?
people inevitably ask him what he does. 2 What was it that you were reading when I saw
you the other day?
3 When do you suppose you’ll hear if you’ve got
3 onto the course?
1 T (dreads meeting new folk/avoids small talk) 4 What do you recommend I (should) do if I want to
2 F (most people won’t have a clue / What exactly get into that field?
is it that you do?) 5 Who do you reckon the best person to ask would
3 T (before eventually finding the courage to ask) be? / Who do you reckon would be the best
4 T (because of rapid advances) person to ask?
5 T (requires rethinking the way we train our young 6 What was it (that) that guy wanted?
people)
6 F (that’s usually the point the conversation is
killed stone dead) Vocabulary
Describing what your job involves

Grammar 9

Complex questions 1 devise 2 mend 3 monitor 4 head up

5 collaborate 6 facilitate 7 log 8 delegate
5b 9 oversee 10 assemble 11 submit 12 fit
1 What do you suppose that even means?
2 What exactly is it that you do?
3 What do you think would be a good thing for me Vocabulary bank 8A
to study? Jobs and companies
4 How was it that you got into that?
1
A 1 and 3, 2 and 4 (based on patterns)
B In 1 and 3, the questions in the article focus on Type of job: freelance designer, CEO, admin
the person you are asking and their opinion; in 2 assistant, deputy finance director, GP, programmer
and 4, the questions in the article add emphasis Type of company: defence contractor, property
to the question word. developer, high-street retailer, HR service provider,
management consultancy, multinational
Language bank 8A
1 2
1 What is exactly What is it exactly / What exactly 1 freelance designer 2 CEO 3 GP
is it 4 defence contractor 5 high-street retailers
2 get got 6 admin assistant 7 HR service provider
3 Why on earth Jennifer want Why on earth does 8 management consultancy 9 programmers
Jennifer want 10 multinationals 11 property developer
4 What was it do they ask What was it (that) they 12 deputy finance director
asked
5 correct
6 should we ask we should ask
7 correct
8 is was

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Speaking 5 Shouldn’t you be studying?

6 You should’ve set your alarm.
12
7 Just seeing if you’re still going to come out later.
1 He’s a VA – a virtual assistant.
2 He provides technical support from his home.
3 He loves it. (wonderful/best thing I ever did) 8
4 He did IT at college and then worked for a large 1 am 2 would 3 could 4 did 5 am 6 had 7 will
export firm before setting up on his own. Where the auxiliaries don’t match, it’s because the
5 very good (He earns enough to take a lot of time speaker wants to add extra comments or meanings.
off.)
6 not very fixed/flexible (He works like crazy and
then gets a lot of time off.) Language bank 8B
1
8B Sleep well 1 I wish I didn’t I wish I hadn’t
Vocabulary 2 neither do my wife neither does my wife
3 correct
Sleep
4 if it isn’t if it wasn’t
2 5 correct
1 suffer from jet lag 2 nodded off 6 I would I will
3 had a sleepless night 4 have a little nap 7 correct
5 have a lie-in 6 was snoring loudly
7 can’t stop yawning 8 is an early riser 2
9 Are you a night owl 10 was out like a light 1c 2e 3a 4f 5b 6d

10
Listening
1 It was 2 I don’t 3 I will 4 I did
4
5 Did you; I had; I didn’t (I hadn’t is also possible)
1 c, d 2 a, f 3 b, e 6 they did; they do

5 11

1 a A new baby at home is keeping him awake. Suggested answers:

b because he nodded off in a meeting and 1 I do sometimes. Yeah. / Not anymore, no, I used
wasn’t able to respond properly when asked a to, but I’ve been fine recently.
question 2 It is, isn’t it. / It isn’t, not really! / It can be, I
2 a because that friend says she was awake in the suppose.
middle of the night – and because there’s a 3 I might. / I actually did last year. / I have done in
couple of hours’ time difference between home the past. / I wouldn’t even if you paid me.
and where they are 4 I should’ve (done), but I didn’t. / I did. / I would’ve
b No. It doesn’t bother her massively because it (done), but I fell asleep.
happens quite often and she doesn’t feel too 5 No, but I might if I don’t feel better tomorrow. /
tired. No. But I will.
3 a She slept badly – tossing and turning all night
because of the stress of exams. Speaking
b drinking chamomile tea, going out later 13
They heard on the news that being a night owl is
Grammar bad for your health but only if you have to get up
Auxiliary verbs early for work.
7b
1 You look worn out.
2 Have you been going out a lot?
3 Can’t you have a nap at lunchtime or something?
4 And anyway, I’m so busy …

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8C Food for thought Language bank 8C

1
Vocabulary
1 the new one is miles more efficient
Food and cooking 2 not quite as tasty as the one I do
2 3 needs a touch more/less salt
A grill B sprinkle C blend D drain E peel 4 has (got) way too many calories
F grate G roast H simmer I dip 5 was miles more complicated than I had expected
6 nowhere near as sweet
7 ten times more expensive than it is at home
3a
1 blend 2 drain 3 sprinkle 4 roast 5 grate 2
6 peel 7 grill 8 dip 9 simmer 1 than 2 quite 3 so/that/very 4 less
5 far/way/much/miles 6 times 7 anything 8 as
Vocabulary bank 8C 9 enough 10 better 11 too 12 lot

Expressions with like

9a
1
1 It was nothing like as good as the last one you
1 a dream 2 a light 3 crazy 4 watching paint dry made.
5 jelly 6 a lead balloon 7 a tank 2 It’s nothing like as tasty as my gran’s.
8 headless chickens 9 flies 3 It was nowhere near as easy as it sounded.
10 nothing I’ve ever experienced 4 It was nowhere near as filling as I thought it’d be.

Reading 10
4b 1 was nowhere near as good as it is these days
1 Vegetarians avoid meat and fish. Vegans do not 2 is nothing like as cheap as it is here
eat dairy products or eggs, either. 3 It was ten times more complicated than
2 A meat eater – you need to think more carefully 4 are way bigger
to ensure vegans get a fully-balanced diet. 5 wasn’t quite as good as
6 are/were miles more interesting than/compared
Language focus to

Complex comparatives 8 Check and reflect: Units 7–8

7a
1a
It didn’t go very well.
1 separation 2 inherited 3 nest 4 knot
It was more difficult than it seemed.
5 together 6 premature 7 anniversary 8 falling
He burnt it.
He didn’t have all the ingredients / didn’t have any
almond milk. 2
It didn’t look as good as the one in the blog.
1 He can’t be
2 That must’ve been
7b 3 That must be
1 near as easy as 2 like as nice as 3 not quite as 4 she must be
4 a hundred times more 5 That can’t have been
6 can’t be avoided

8
1 little 2 way/miles 3 miles/way 4 hundred 3a
5 quite 6 nowhere 7 nothing 1e 2c 3a 4b 5f 6d

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4 12
1 I had taken that job I was offered 1 ten times nicer than
2 correct 2 nowhere near as expensive as
3 wouldn’t be in this mess 3 miles more exciting than
4 correct 4 way more complicated than
5 correct 5 nothing like as tasty as
6 he was/had been honest 6 anywhere near as good as
7 correct 7 a touch spicier than
8 quite as filling as

5
13
1 both possible 2 Taking that into account
3 even so 4 Given 5 Then again 1 upward 2 upward 3 upward 4 downward
6 on top of all that 5 downward 6 downward 7 upward 8 downward
9 downward

6a 8A Develop your listening

1 system 2 turnout 3 polling 4 election 2a
5 vote 6 referendum (vote is also possible)
a4 b5 c1 d3 e2
7 manifesto

2b
7
1 d (my colleague didn’t really know what he was
1 How was it that you heard about us?
doing)
2 Where do you think would be a good place to
2 c (excellent, high standards)
visit? /
3 e (I notice that the company attends a lot of trade
Where would be a good place to visit, do you
shows)
think?
4 a (manage a chain of hotels, build my
3 Who was it that you spoke to?
managerial skills)
4 Where was it that you stayed?
5 What exactly is it that you do? / What is it exactly
that you do? 3
6 Why did you think that that would work?
1 NM (It only says that she thought her colleague
7 What do you suppose that even means?
didn’t know what he was doing.)
2 T (‘I honestly think I could have done his job too’)
8 3 T (‘I strive to maintain excellent relationships with
1 monitors 2 submit 3 collaborating people at all levels across the company’ and ‘I
4 mending 5 heads up 6 fit facilitate effective performance from my team’)
4 T (‘high standards can be hard for other people
to live up to’)
9a 5 F (She’s applying for the role of Marketing
1 light 2 jet lag 3 lie-in 4 riser 5 nap Assistant.)
6 nod off 7 sleepless 6 T (‘and even attending the shows because
obviously that’s something I would be quite
interested in’)
10 7 F (He hopes that he will be able to gain these
1 can 2 did 3 would/might 4 will/might skills in the position he is applying for.)
5 had 6 have 8 T (‘I’d like to think I’ll be heading up a team’)

4b
11a
1d 2b 3c 4a
1 simmer 2 peel 3 roast 4 grill 5 grate
6 sprinkle 7 dip

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8B Develop your writinɡ 3 the food that was left over from the meal the
night before
1b
4 eat more healthily
A baby boomers B Generation X C millennials 5 the past when they were studying and what
D Generation Z Greta wants to do in the future
6 because she feels she’s eaten unhealthily on
Saturday
2a
7 stops eating healthily
1 up to 10 hours a day 8 sad and depressed about going back to work on
2 the Kew Research Centre Monday; to look for a job that doesn’t stress her
3 eight seconds out so much
4 research by Stephen Baker from the University of
Eastleigh
4
1 She laughs each time because there is a pun (a
3
word used with two meanings) and this makes
The truth is that teenagers in general are not getting the sentence funny.
enough sleep and their attention span is only When S says ‘That’s a novel idea’ she is playing
slightly shorter than other generations. with both meanings of the word. (noun = a book
OR adjective = original or new) The second pun
4 uses the fact that plain (= normal and boring and
plane (= aircraft) are pronounced the same. R
1 The article asserts that …
makes the pun when she says that the food is
2 It points to research by …
plain after the writer describes it as ‘like airline
3 Unfortunately, the article completely
food’.
misrepresents …
2 present simple tense – it makes the events more
4 What the study found was that …
immediate and dramatic
3 by their first initial – probably because she
5 doesn’t want to identify them by name, to protect
The article says that millennials complain about not their privacy.
getting time off, when in fact they complain about
others taking time off. It also says they get ill
moreoften which leads to them taking more time off, 5
but in fact 43 percent of them said they come to 1d 2e 3a 4b 5c
work when they feel ill and this is a higher
percentage than of baby boomers.
7a
in pretty bad shape = not fit or healthy
8C Develop your readinɡ
whip us back into shape = force us to be fit and
1a healthy by being very strict and demanding
A lasagne B cannoli C tiramisu blacked out = passed out, became unconscious
D a chocolate waffle E nachos with cheese see the big picture = understand the overall
F broccoli G muesli with yoghurt H pancakes situation
ballpark figures = approximate numbers or results
the elephant in the room = the thing which people
2
are not talking about even though it is the most
pancakes important

3
7b
1 Greta normally goes out with friends but this
1 fitness/exercise 2 work/business
Friday she has guests coming to her house for
dinner.
2 to help her get going (start doing something 8
active or productive) 1c 2a 3d 4b

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7
UNIT 9
1 a F (about halfway through) b NM
9A Feelings 2 a T b F (she did but her son had already had
Vocabulary the operation)
3 a NM b F (he was embarrassed about being
Feelings
there even though he hadn’t participated in the
2 fighting)
1 ashamed 2 exhausted 3 traumatised 4 a T b F (she vanished into the audience)
4 ecstatic 5 overwhelmed 6 appalled
7 furious 8 hilarious
Grammar
not only and no sooner/as soon as
3
9b
a2 b3 c4 d1 e7 f8 g5 h6
• Not only is between the auxiliary and the main
verb in the first sentence, then at the start in the
Vocabulary bank 9B next one. As soon as links the two clauses. No
sooner is at the start of the sentence.
Expressions with it
• for emphasis
1 • When not only is within a sentence it comes
1c 2h 3b 4f 5I 6j 7d 8e 9a between the auxiliary and the main verb. As
10 g 11 k soon as is followed by a whole clause. When Not
only or No sooner go at the start of the sentence,
2 the auxiliary verb and subject are inverted.

1 lose 2 call 3 put 4 made 5 come 6 thought

Language bank 9A
Listening 1
6a 1b 2c 3e 4f 5a 6d
1 part of the ceiling collapsed while they were in
the theatre 2
2 so many people re-tweeted the initial appeal and 1 No sooner had she heard the news than she
donated money sent me a message.
3 the speaker had bought a phone in the sales and 2 No sooner had she complained about the
therefore participated in the madness company on social media than they contacted
4 the speaker was in the middle of complaining her.
about the noise from a phone when they realised 3 Not only do people feel powerful when they write
it was their own phone posts like that, but they feel very clever, too.
4 Not only could I feel myself hitting a wall, but I
was starting to get really ill as well.
6b
5 No sooner had I heard / did I hear myself saying
1 People were taking selfies and posting on social it than I knew I’d regret it.
media – even though someone could’ve been 6 Not only did she seem lost for words, but she
killed there. also didn’t know what to do next.
2 The speaker used social media to launch the
appeal and kept getting pings on the phone as 11b
new notifications came in.
1 No sooner had I told her than I realised I’d put
3 Someone filmed all the fighting and the news
my foot in it.
used the footage. Also, the speaker bought a
2 Not only was it (very) expensive, (but) it didn’t
new phone.
even work properly / (but) it also didn’t work
4 A phone was going off all through the
properly.
performance.
3 The kids were not only making a mess, (but) they
were also disturbing the other passengers on the
plane / they were disturbing the other
passengers on the plane, too.

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4 Not only were people cheering, they were 6b

actually jumping for joy. 1 repeated
5 No sooner was the plane in the air than the 2 general habit
engine caught fire. 3 no – it’s true now
4 They don’t keep it to themselves. / They talk (go
12a on) about being fit and healthy all the time.
Suggested answers: 5 a bit annoyed
1 Not only did they apologise, but they also gave
me $500 compensation! Language bank 9B
Yeah, but no sooner had he done that than he
1
managed to insult me again!
1 ✗ (future promise)
2 Not only did I get an interview, but they offered
2 ✓ (habit now – always refuses to eat)
me the job!
3 ✓ (regular action in the past)
Yes, but no sooner had I got there then they told
4 ✗ (’d = had)
me they’d already found someone else.
5 ✗ (hypothetical situation)
3 Not only did he offer to help me, but he hired a
6 ✗ (promise to try)
van for me.
7 ✓ (always)
Yes, but no sooner had he offered than he said
8 ✗ (advice about a specific situation now)
he remembered he was busy that day.
9 ✗ (specific situation now)
4 Not only did I speak to them, but I wrote them a
10 ✓ (habit – he always bottles things up/doesn’t
letter.
tell me)
I did, but no sooner had I finished talking to them
11 ✗ (specific past experience and possible plan
than they walked away!
for future)
5 Well, not only did he get in his car, but he drove
12 ✓ (regular action – from time to time/ever)
off really fast.
13 ✗ (specific situation now)
No sooner had he got into his car than he drove
14 ✓ (habit – he never takes no for an answer)
off really fast.
15 ✗ (specific situation now/hypothetical)

9B Habits 2
Reading 1 used to (state not action) 2 both 3 both
4 would (hypothetical) 5 got (one point)
2
6 seemed (once when we met) 7 both 8 both
1 A person can’t change their (bad) habits. 9 he has (state not action) 10 wouldn’t
2 because the writer does not think it is true; it
makes the behaviour seem natural and out of a
person’s control when that’s not the case 8
1 would (never) do 2 wouldn’t (even) take
3 ’ll stay 4 will (never) miss
3
5 won’t (ever) complain 6 would relax
The writer makes points 3, 4 and 5. 7 wouldn’t study

Vocabulary
Grammar
Describing people and their habits
will and would for habits; I wish + would
10a
5
1 b 2 a 3 c 4 e 5 d 6 i 7 j 8 f 9 g 10 h
1 getting a lot (healthier and) fitter / going vegan
and doing exercise
2 He saw a documentary that persuaded him to 10b
stop eating meat and he met someone who was Suggested answers:
into fitness. They exercise together several times Positive: content, determined, dry sense of
a week. humour, liberal, modest, charming, lighten up, a
3 The woman is very positive – thinking about smooth talker
making some changes herself. The man is more Negative: cynical, intense, demanding, controlling,
cynical. whine
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9C All the rage 7

a unputdownable b up c FOMO d zeitgeist
Vocabulary
e crowdsource f edutainment
Trends
2a Language bank 9C
Lower: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 Higher: 1, 8, 9, 11, 12 1
1 a startup 2 microcredit 3 fanzine
Vocabulary bank 9C 4 schadenfreude 5 transitioning 6 flexitarian
7 upped 8 tzatziki 9 upskill 10 PB 11 mindful
Nouns and verbs with the same form
12 tickbox exercise
1a
1 adjust (adjustment), dispose
(disposition/disposal) 8
2 Different parts of the words are stressed. decline, dip, hike, plunge, slash, slip, slump, surge
verbs: contrast, rebel, insult nouns: contrast,
rebel, insult 9
1 All of them can be used as verbs.
1b
Examples:
1 insult 2 hike 3 rebel 4 slump 5 exhibit 6 alert
She has ballooned over the last couple of months. I
7 contrast 8 dip
think she’s expecting twins!
He elbowed me!
Reading I’ve been eye-ing up this leather jacket in a shop
3b near me but I can’t really afford it.
I’ll friend you on WhatsApp.
Trendspotters spot new fashions, ideas and
Why don’t you Google it?
activities for society as a whole. They work in the
Can you Hoover the front room?
fashion, tech and dictionary industries (these are
The internet has impacted on society hugely.
the ones mentioned in the article).
I spend a lot of my time taxi-ing my kids around.
I workshopped part of the lesson.
4 2 All of them can be combined with other nouns to
make compound nouns except workshop.
1 The fast pace of change makes businesses
Examples: a balloon economy, elbow room, eye
uncertain which trends will be important in the
shadow, friend request, Google chat, Hoover bag,
future.
impact assessment, taxi rank
2 They look at wider shifts in mood and mindset in
3 All of them can have a prefix and/or suffix added
society to decide which trends will take off.
except balloon, elbow and Hoover.
3 fashion: help set trends for the next season
Examples: an eyeful, unfriend/friendly/friendship,
marketing: choose the most popular platforms to
Googleable, impactful, taxi-able, workshoppy
advertise on
4 Online dictionaries tend to crowdsource
definitions and examples / accept ideas from the Speaking
public. Printed dictionaries use lexicographers to 11
decide if the word is widely used and in what
1 clothes, hair and fashion (tattoos)
contexts.
2 one does, the other doesn’t
5 Trend is an example of something interesting
3 art and expressing individuality
lexicographers noticed; they noticed that people
are using it more and more as a verb.
9D English in action
Listening 1
Language focus
2
Making new words
1 d 2 b (or possibly c: hello stranger!) 3 a
5
1c 2b 3f 4a 5e 6d

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3a Listening 2
1d 2a 3e 4c 5b 6f 10
Conversation 2
3b a They’re old friends from uni.
b work/restructuring, mum’s illness and recovery,
1 Gorgeous weather! Turned out nice, hasn’t it?
friends getting married, being a bridesmaid, a
2 Hello stranger! What’ve you been up to?
dress one of them had, an Iron Woman event,
3 I don’t believe it! What’s up?
organising a meet-up
Conversation 3
5 a They work together in the same office.
1 They don’t know each other at all. b the workload the boss has left them and how to
2 waiting for a train/on a train platform deal with it, the lack of a social life, organising an
3 the weather and what they’re wearing/carrying as office outing
a result; cancellations and the reasons for the
problems with the trains; being polite and how
the man was brought up 11
1 Typical! 2 Phew! 3 No way!
4 Rather you than me! 5 What a pain!
6a
6 Don’t be silly. 7 Seriously? 8 Good grief!
1 a good job 2 has been hell 3 Can’t blame ice
4 Not much sign 5 I won’t hold 6 Oh! Hold on
12a
Suggested answers:
6b
1 Seriously? / Typical! / What a pain!
1 There have been lots of delays recently, so 2 Rather you than me. / Good stuff! / Nice one!
having a jacket may be good if you need to wait 3 No worries. / Don’t be silly.
around for a train. 4 It’s a joke! / Typical! / Seriously? / No way! / Nice
2 getting to work, because of all the delays and one!
cancellations 5 Good stuff! / Nice one! / Good grief! / Seriously? /
3 The train company can’t use bad weather as an No way!
excuse for the delays and cancellations. 6 Typical! / It’s a joke! / Talking of which …
4 They’re promising an upgrade, but there’s no
sign of it yet.
9A Develop your listening
5 It’s not looking likely that the upgrade will be on
time. 2
6 The train is (finally) arriving. 1P 2B 3M 4P 5B 6M

Vocabulary
3
Colloquial and idiomatic language
Maha gives a vague answer (Let’s just say it was
7 more than …) and she changes the focus of the
1 b, i 2 j, g 3 d, a 4 e, c 5 h, f question (I think what’s important is …)
Pablo says politely that he doesn’t want to answer (I
don’t want to go into specifics but …)
9b
Bahar gives a vague answer and then changes the
1 ’s how my mum brought me up. = It’s how my focus of the question (It wasn’t one of the really big
mum brought me up. wins … But the point is)
2 You have anything in mind? = Do you have
anything in mind?
4
3 If there’s anything I can do …
4 Just got an email … = I just got an email … 1 vague answer 2 changing focus
5 Don’t know how you manage it. = I don’t know 3 vague answer 4 polite refusal
how you manage it. 5 polite refusal 6 changing focus

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5b 3 While he was looking out of the window, he

1 drawing. thought of the life he’d left behind.
2 create, not just consume. 4 Because I didn’t have a key, I was forced to
3 gives vague answers and changes the focus of climb in through the kitchen window.
the questions. 5 Because I was the youngest of three, I was
picked on mercilessly.
6 While I was sitting on the porch, I noticed the
6
birds in the garden had fallen silent.
1 NM (It wasn’t millions – means the exact number 7 When I arrived at your door, I felt my heart begin
is unclear) to race.
2 F (She decided to quit all her social media 8 Because she knew his temper, she avoided him
accounts.) whenever possible.
3 T (We barely know what it’s like to have nothing
to do)
4 NM 6
5 NM (He is the CEO, but how long he has been 1 Looking out of the window, he saw someone
CEO is not mentioned.) creeping around in the darkness.
6 F (He says he feels sympathetic rather than 2 Realising she was late, she started to run.
responsible.) 3 Being a smooth talker, he loved the chance to
meet new people.
9B Develop your writing 4 Being demanding parents, they didn’t like it when
their son failed one of his exams.
2b 5 Listening to his story, I began to feel that
1 as quiet and shy something was wrong.
2 They were surprised and amazed. 6 Not knowing what to do, she decided to call her
3 when she was helping him stand up friend who lived next door.
4 She tracked her phone using an app on her
mother’s phone.
7
1A 2D 3F 4B 5E 6H 7C 8G
3a
1b 2d 3c 4a 9C Develop your reading
1a
3b
The information on feelings makes the story more
engaging and enjoyable because we learn more
about the characters. Without character information,
stories become flat and boring.

4
Moving slowly and calmly, Robyn picked up the
store microphone on the cashier’s desk …
Picking up the nearest shoe she could find, Robyn
threw it at the man.

5a
1R 2T 3T 4R 5R 6T 7T 8R

5b
1 Because I was a poor athlete, I was always the
last one picked for the team.
2 When she entered the room, she fixed me with a
long cool stare.
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3
Speaking a foreign language is the most difficult
thing the human mind can do, however it has many
benefits and it can actually cure dementia. The FSI,
an US organisation, grades languages from one to
five. Everyone will struggle to learn a category five
language. Some languages, such as Tuyuca or
Xhosa, are difficult because of their unusual
grammar or sounds. Unfortunately, 90% of
languages will die out by the end of the century.

4
1 not accurate: is the most complicated thing is
one of the most complicated things
2 accurate
3 not accurate: easy to learn easier to learn.
4 not accurate: means twelve extra weeks
5 accurate
6 not accurate: It is possible that only 10% of the
world’s languages will survive

5
1 a
2 c (because we don’t know which language
Finnish people find it easier to learn, only that
they find Hungarian easier to learn than a native
Spanish speaker would)
3 b
4 a (How people see the world is affected by
language but doesn’t cause languages to die
out.)

6
1 split second 2 No wonder 3 onset of
4 naturally 5 widely spoken 6 plunged 7 die out

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Reading
UNIT 10
7b
10A Eureka!
1 They’re awards for scientific research that makes
Grammar you laugh and think.
Prepositions 2 2 The name comes from the adjective ignoble –
2 meaning something that should make you feel
ashamed – and the Nobel prize.
Summary 4
3 He won a Nobel prize for discovering graphene
but started with a frog floating in the air – which
3b
won an Ig Noble Award (Can you levitate a frog
1 What field of physics does she work in? in a magnetic field?).
2 … but to be honest, it usually goes over my
head. 8
3 It’s not something you’ve ever been interested in
Research into all the things the box was done by
doing?
past winners of Ig Nobel Awards.
4 Despite having your mum there to help you?
ears: The research into whether old men have big
5 … you know, I’d get frustrated and it’d often end
ears helped get doctors involved in research.
up in an argument …
saliva: They found out that human saliva is a good
6 Plus, there were other subjects I was just better
cleaning agent and found the chemical that makes it
at.
so.
7 She used to make the odd comment, but you
frog: They found out that you can levitate a frog in a
know, it wasn’t something she went on about.
gravitational field.
8 In the end, she’s more concerned that I find
graphene: The person who did the frog research
something I’m happy with.
also discovered graphene, which is a material only
one atom thick but stronger than diamond. He won
4
a Nobel Prize for this discovery.
1 -ing form 2 at the end of the clause 3 never
Vocabulary
Language bank 10A
Science
1
1 for 2 of 3 in 4 to 5 from 6 out 7 except 10
2 1 physicist 2 experimental 3 theoretically
1 pass out 2 get over 3 came across 4 genetic 5 reliable 6 statistical 7 trialling
4 comes up with 5 looked after 6 keep up with 8 random 9 proof 10 classify 11 invalid
7 run out of 8 take after 12 simulation

6a 10B A great read

1 Do you know for what Marie Curie won the Nobel Reading
Prize for? 2b
Do you know of any other Nobel winners?
Suggested answer:
2 About what was the last science programme you
Despite parents’ concerns, young people are
saw about?
actually reading more than in the past (because
3 Are you keen on science fiction?
more young people stay longer in education as well
4 Could you ever get used to work working in a
as reading a lot on the internet).
lab all day?
5 Do people think highly of scientists in your
3
country?
6 What scientific things would you like to know 1 Older people think that this existed before the
more about, if you had time to look them into age of the internet.
into them? 2 It’s an example of how young people in fact may
be reading rather than just looking at a phone.
3 It’s a contrast to the reality that young people
actually read more than their parents currently do
and did when they were younger.
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4 It’s a reason for higher levels of reading because 8

more young people are involved in these areas. 1 whether 2 not to mention 3 As such
5 It’s a reason that print is still more popular – it’s 4 All the same 5 in order to 6 thanks to
easier to write on, highlight and share. 7 Otherwise 8 subsequently

Grammar Vocabulary
Linking words and phrases Book reviews
5b 11a
1 as a result of 2 while 1 protagonist 2 gripping 3 controversial
3 if (sentences) don’t (come) 4 on top of that 4 descriptive 5 twist 6 Set 7 masterpiece
5 As such 6 due to 7 then 8 nevertheless 8 narrator 9 disturbing 10 portrait

6 Vocabulary bank 10B

contrast: whereas, while, nevertheless,
Adjectives
nonetheless
1
condition: if … don’t, unless
Books: descriptive, mainstream, autobiographical,
time/order: then, subsequently
fictional
addition: on top of that, what’s more
Weather: frosty, harsh, chilly, humid
cause: on account of, as a result of, down to, due to
Appearance: chic, filthy, curly, tanned
result/purpose: consequently, as such
Personality and traits: sharp, dim, committed,
naïve
Language bank 10B
1 2
1 a due to b However c Furthermore 1 curly 2 sharp 3 humid 4 descriptive
2 a Following b Even though 5 tanned 6 fictional 7 chilly 8 filthy
3 a both b because 9 autobiographical 10 naïve (dim is also possible)
c On top of that (Moreover is also possible 11 harsh 12 dim
grammatically but it’s too formal here)

2 Speaking
1 so as to protect his children 13
2 As well as being a really funny woman, The topic is ‘a book you think is overrated’.
3 he was married; subsequently I found out (that) 1 The Alchemist
he had been lying / I found out subsequently 2 no
(that) he had been lying 3 She thinks it’s well written and descriptive but
4 my keys so long as you aren’t coming back after doesn’t like the plot which she thinks is a bit
me crazy and unrealistic.
5 to lock the door. All the same he left it wide open
/ to lock the door but he left it wide open all the 10C A good laugh
same
Vocabulary
7a Talking about humour
1 I bought it on account of the cover. 2
2 It’s unusual and consequently didn’t sell well. 1 Irony 2 Slapstick 3 Black 4 practical
3 It’s a long read, but nevertheless, it’s well worth 5 A stereotype 6 Satire 7 a straight face 8 dry
it. 9 A pun 10 witty 11 get it; get it
4 It’s long and slow, but in spite of all that, I
enjoyed it.
5 It’s a good read, so long as you like history. 3a
6 I’ll lend it to you as soon as I’ve finished it. 1A 2E 3B 4C 5D

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Vocabulary bank 10C 9a

Expressions with get 1 Tank is the glass box fish live in but it’s also a
military vehicle.
1
2 Flexible means how much you can move your
1 g 2 j 3 a 4 b 5 h 6 f 7 i 8 e 9 d 10 c
body in different directions or it can mean able to
make changes and adapt to situations.
2a
3 Sitting in traffic has an idiomatic meaning, where
1 side 2 nerves 3 system 4 edgeways 5 life
it means sitting in your car stuck in traffic, but the
literal meaning is used here.
Listening 4 Give me a lift means drive somebody
5b somewhere or it can mean to say something nice
1 There are lots of different theories to explain why to someone to make them feel better.
we laugh, but slapstick seems to be universal. 5 A complex is a group of buildings all built
We laugh at practical jokes and other’s together or it can mean an emotional problem
misfortunes. caused by unreasonable fears or worries. As an
2 There are differences between cultures. For adjective, complex means something has lots
instance, people from the UK like dry humour of small parts that are hard to understand.
more than people from the US. 6 Figs are a fruit but fix the doorbell sounds similar.
And while things like puns are universal, they 7 Ice cream sounds like I scream.
obviously don’t translate. However, everyone
does seem to use puns and irony. 10 Check and reflect: Units 9–10
1a
6
1 an example of slapstick humour that’s popular 1 traumatised 2 ecstatic 3 exhausted
around the world 4 furious 5 hilarious 6 ashamed
2 an example of a comedy film (Chinese) that
didn’t do well abroad
1b
3 an example of a pun that doesn’t translate (from
Japanese to English) 1e 2b 3c 4d 5a 6f
4 examples of things that can be hard to translate
or of how localised humour often is
2
5 an example to show how long we’ve been
discussing why people laugh 1 Not only did I feel pretty foolish, I went bright red,
6 an example of one theory to explain why we too.
laugh 2 Not only have you been late every day this week,
(but) you’ve also missed your deadlines. / Not
only have you been late every day this week,
Language focus you’ve missed your deadlines (too/as well).
Puns 3 Not only had my application been successful,
Language bank 10C (but) they were also offering me a grant (too/as
well).
1
4 No sooner had she left hospital than she was
1d 2f 3a 4b 5c 6e
training again.
5 No sooner had I left university than I was offered
2
a job.
1 kid napping (= child having a little sleep)
6 No sooner had I got/did I get home than I had to
2 all the sand which is there
go out (again).
3 how dare he! 4 alone 5 raw

3
8b
1 used (liked is also possible) 2 would
1 I usually have a nap in the afternoon.
3 spent (passed is also possible) 4 wouldn’t/didn’t
2 I need to fix my car.
5 still 6 makes 7 would
3 I screamed when I saw it.
4 This guy came up to me.

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4a 3a
1 smooth 2 demanding 3 content 1a 2b 3b 4b 5b 6a 7a
4 determined 5 lighten 6 modest 7 liberal

3b
5a 1 in the limelight 2 on a shoestring
Upwards: sentences 1, 4, 6 and 7 3 had an eye for 4 learnt the ropes
Downwards: sentences 2, 3 and 5 5 in the driving seat 6 see the big picture
7 drove a hard bargain

6
1b 2a 3b 4a 5b 4a
1 in 2 at 3 a 4 my 5 to 6 no 7 of 8 the 9 a

7
1 The site has improved its security in response to 4b
recent complaints. a be of service b making a difference
2 I’m absolutely terrified of dentists. c a blessing in disguise d put a halt to
3 It’s not something I’ve ever been very keen on. e at short notice; in no time at all
4 Who’s looking after the baby while you’re away? f out of the question
5 I need time to warm up. I’m a bit out of practice. g twiddling my thumbs; at a loose end
6 Who did you go there with?
7 She’s a lawyer famous for her involvement in the 10B Develop your reading
fight against corruption.
2b
1 He thinks they need to be read so he lets people
8
borrow them, and keep them if they want, for
1 experiment 2 simulates 3 reliability 4 prove free.
5 invalidate 6 theory 7 classification/classifying 2 The library was set up to remember his parents.
3 They have established new libraries; added
reading sessions for children; taken books to
9
new places.
1 Despite 2 both 3 both 4 Meanwhile
5 not to mention 6 both
3
1 T (downtown Manila)
10a 2 F (known by all as Nanie)
1c 2a 3d 4b 5e 3 F (What’s taken gets replaced many times over.)
4 F (It took a while for people to work out that …)
5 F (offering everything from … to …)
11a
6 T (He has also helped friends set up similar
1 satire 2 slapstick 3 a pun 4 irony schemes at ten other sites around the country)
7 F (We’re taking them to the barrios next month.)
12
1 shellfish – selfish 2 tearable – terrible
4b
3 wine – whine 4 Knight, knight – Night, night
1 the text says former tax-accountant (i.e. he isn’t
one any more)
13 2 the text says a tribute to Guanlao’s late parents
1c 2e 3d 4b 5f 6a (i.e. they died before he set it up)
3 the text says and my brothers’ and sisters’ (i.e.
10A Develop your writing he has more than one of each)

2a
1E 2F 3C 4D 5B 6A

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5
1 former Roman senator 2 late father
3 building’s 4 former president 5 president’s
6 former president 7 Texas’s 8 late father

10C Develop your listening

2b
A Her mother told her that chocolate spread was
spicy.
B She tells her son that if he doesn’t do what she
wants she will report him to the ‘naughty boy
police’.
C His father told him that the scar on his arm came
from an operation to remove a bullet in the
second world war.
D He told his daughter that he goes to Dad School
to learn how to be a dad.

3b
1 healthy food: fruit and muesli
2 because she hated spicy food
3 until she was nine or ten
4 when she wants him to do (or not do) something
5 She won’t be able to make him do anything.
6 three
7 from an operation to remove a bullet from his
arm in the Second World War
8 the speaker’s uncle
9 because he could have worked out that his father
wasn’t old enough to have been a soldier in the
war
10 how he learned to be a dad
11 how to make breakfast, brush his daughter’s
hair, tie her shoelaces, and so on
12 because he’s always telling her it’s wrong to tell
lies

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