ENGINEERING DESIGN II (UTA014) 

Buggy Project
Experiment 3

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY 

                                                           
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
Dr. Rajan Gupta Ma’am
Devansh Pahuja
401803008
 Experiment: 3

Objective:
a. To draw a schematic diagram of IR sensor module circuit (which helps Buggy robot to
move on a predefined path as a line follower) using CAD tool (Eagle).
b. To design a printed circuit board layout of IR sensor module circuit (which helps Buggy
robot to move on a predefined path as a line follower) using CAD tool (Eagle).

Software Used: Eagle Software

Component Used:
TABLE 2.1 Components Used

Sr. No. Name of Value

Component

1. Resistor 10 KΩ

2. Resistor 330 KΩ

3. LMV358MM (OP-AMP)

4. BPX65 ( Photodiode )

5. SFH482 ( Infrared Emitters )

6. TRIM_1234-S64YW

7. MTA02-100 (AMP connector)

8. LED

Theory:
 1. Resistor:

A Resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance

as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other
uses.

Fig 3.1 Resistor

2. LMV358MM:
LMV358MM(Fig 3.3) is a low voltage, Rail-to-Rail output operational amplifier. It is a low
power dual operational amplifier. That means that this IC has 2 operational amplifiers which
work independently and rail-to rail means that it can handle the normal regulated voltages . It can
handle from 5V to 30V. It has two inputs as inverting and non-inverting and one output for each
op-amp.

Fig 3.3 LMV358MM

3. BPX65:

BPX65(Fig 3.5) is a photodiode. A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into
an electrical current. The current is generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode.
BPX65 acts as a infrared receiver as it will conduct the current when infrared light falls on this
photodiode.

Fig 3.5 BPX65

4. SFH482:

SFH482( Fig 3.7 ) is an infrared emitter led. An IR LED (infrared light emitting diode) is a solid
state lighting (SSL) device that emits light in the infrared range of the electromagnetic radiation
spectrum.
IR LEDs allow for cheap, efficient production of infrared light, which is electromagnetic
radiation in the 700 nm to 1mm range. Its symbol is shown in Fig 3.
 Fig 3.7 SFH482

5. TRIM_1234-S64YW:

TRIM_1234-S64YW is a potentiometer (Fig 3.9). It is defined as a 3 terminal variable resistor in

which the resistance is manually varied to control the flow of electric current. A potentiometer
acts as an adjustable voltage divider. A potentiometer is a passive electronic component.
Potentiometers work by varying the position of a sliding contact across a uniform resistance. In a
potentiometer, the entire input voltage is applied across the whole length of the resistor, and the
output voltage is the voltage drop between the fixed and sliding contact.

Fig 3.9 TRIM_1234-S64YW

6. MTA02-100:

The MTA02-100 ( Fig 3.11 ) connector system is a wire-to-board and wire-to-wire system based
on insulation displacement contact (IDC) technology. MTA 100 connectors have contacts in a
single row on . The design features wire feed-through capability for daisy-chain applications.
Insulation displacement contacts (IDC) are used to terminate a wide range of conductor sizes. Its
symbol is shown in Fig 3.12

Fig 3.11 MTA02-100

7.LED:
A light-emitting diode (Fig 3.13) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy
in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is
determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. Its
symbol is shown in Fig 3.14

Fig 3.14 Symbol of LED

Schematic Diagram:

Fig 3.15 Schematic diagram of IR circuit

Printed Circuit Diagram Layout:

Fig 3.15 :Printed Circuit Diagram Layout

In this diagram the blue wires means that these wires are colliding with other wires and we need
to replace these wires with external jumper wires. We can either implement this circuit or try to
optimize this circuit be reducing the blue wires in circuit.
WORKING:
The circuit works in a way such that the SFH482 is an infrared emitter led and this led keeps on
emitting and BHX65 acts as a infrared receiver and when this receiver receives the infrared light
current flows through that wire and acts as input or non-inverting terminal of the operational
amplifier and the operational amplifiers which acts as a voltage comparator outputs high and the
led glows which signifies that the current is flowing. When the receiver does not receive the
infrared light the op-amp will output low and the led does not glow. The transmitter receiver
combination is implemented for 2 led so that a path follower can be made so that it can detect the
black line.

DISCUSSION RESULT:
We have implemented IR Circuit for buggy on Eagle and then this circuit can be implemented on
PCB successfully.

CHALLENGES:

The most difficult part was to decrease the no. of overlappd wires as more the no. of wires
crossed more it becomes difficult to make circuit on PCB.

REFERENCES:

1. www.google.com

2. https://www.onsemi.com/

3. https://electronicsforu.com/
Signature of Faculty member