COMPARISON AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

MAKALAH

Disusun Oleh :

As’ad nasrulloh (D24180035)

ImroatusSholihah (D24180040)
Laily Santinia (D24180044)
Nailur Rohmah (D24180050)
Saadatul Ashriyah (D24180057)

Diampu Oleh :

Masyitah Noviyanti S.Pd.,S.Hum

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL ULAMA SIDOARJO
2021

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 PREFACE

First of all, I would like to say a lot of thanks to the Allah SWT, who has given us
healthy until finish a paper under the litle “Conditional sentences and comparision".

We can hope this paper have a function for us specially for a reader to add this
knowledge about how to uses conditional sentences in life every day.

I expect tips of reader, that I can perfect this paper. The end word, we pass on
gratitude to all party already get role in this paper collation from start to finish. Hopefully
Allah SWT everlastingly meridhai all our efford. Aamiin.

Sidoarjo,10 ovember 2021

(Writer)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY...........................................................................................................4

1.1. Background...............................................................................................................................4

1.2. Formulation Of The Problem..................................................................................................4

1.3. Purpose......................................................................................................................................4

CHAPTER II WORKING THROUGH.............................................................................................5

2.1. Conditional Sentences...............................................................................................................5

2.2. Kinds of Conditional sentence.................................................................................................5

2.2.1. Real conditionals (factual / habitual / hypothetical / future possible)...................................6

a. Future time.................................................................................................................................6

b. Habitual (kebiasaan/habit).........................................................................................................7

c.  Command (perintah).................................................................................................................7

2.3. Unreal Conditionals..................................................................................................................8

A. Unreal conditionals jika faktanya dalam simple present tense..................................................8

B. Unreal conditionals jika faktanya dalam simple past tense.......................................................9

CHAPTER III FINALITY................................................................................................................14

3.1. CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................14

REFERENCE....................................................................................................................................15

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 CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

1.1. Background
Conditional sentences to expres predictable fact in the future or untrue event in the
present and in the past, conditional sentence have three type, type I is simple present tense,
this first type of conditional sentence is also called probable condition. This type is used to
show that something will happen if a certain condition is fulfilled, the second type of
conditional sentence is also called improbable condition of the present which means that the
sentence is in contrary to the fact in the present, and the third type of conditional sentence is
also called improbable condition of the past which means that the sentence is in contrary to
the reality in the past.1

1.2. Formulation Of The Problem

       in this paper we will address issues about the conditional sentence, as for the formulation
of the problem to be discussed in this paper are:
1. What is a conditional sentence?
2. What are the different kinds or forms of what is contained in a conditional sentence?
3. what is the formula of each of the various conditional sentence?
4. What are some examples of conditional sentences sentence?
5. how the application of the conditional sentence in the training issues?

1.3. Purpose
        made as for the purpose of this paper is to
1. began granting recognition and knowledge to the reader about the meaning of the
conditional sentence
2. so that readers know and be able to make an example of each type of sentence conditional
sentence
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3. can solve the problems of conditional sentences about the sentence in the form of questions
and examples of direct speech

CHAPTER II
WORKING THROUGH

2.1. Conditional Sentences

            In everyday life, we often suppose. For example, if (when) you want to be my
boyfriend, I'll make you the happiest person in the world. If I were rich, I would wake up 5-
star hotel on Kuta beach. If I had wings I would fly star cited by you. And so on. Such
sentences are called conditional sentences. Conditional sentences to express predictable fact
in the future or untrue event in the present and in the past.2           
            Meaning conditional sentences, meaning Type I is used in the result clause to express
on established and predictable fact (perhaps, probably, possibly) , meaning Type II is untrue
in the present/ future and Type III, meaning is untrue in the past.
            In English, the conditional sentences in general have the following characteristics:
a. use of the word if in clause (subordinate clause). Because of this clause if preceded    by a
clause if it is called.
b. use of auxiliary capital, such as will, can, may, must, would, could, Might, etc. the
principal sentence (main clause).3

2.2. Kinds of Conditional sentence

            Conditional sentences are grouped into two types, namely:
Ø  real conditional
Ø  unreal / Contrary to fact.

2.2.1. Real conditionals (factual / habitual / hypothetical / future possible)

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Conditionals are used to express this type of situation or activity that normally occur or
would occur if the situation in the if clause are met. In other words, what was supposed to
have a chance to happen or be true.4
            For example, when a friend asked me, whether I want to watch tonight or not, I might
say:
Ø  If I have the time, I will go. (If I have time, I'll go).
This sentence is implicitly also means,
Ø  If I do not have the time, I will not go. (If I do not have time, I will not go away).

The use of real conditionals

            Conditional sentences of this type can be used to declare:

a. Future time

Will
Can
May
If + S + present tense,  S + Must + Verb1

Note: if clause can be placed in front of the sentence (such as the formula above), may
also be placed in the back after main clause. This does not change the meaning of  the
sentence. With notes, if the if clause is placed at the rear, a comma is not  needed.5

Exampels:
Ø  If I have the money, I will give it to you.  (Jika saya punya uangnya, saya akan
memberikannya kepada kamu).
Ø  If you keep driving on this speed, we may arrive at home before 10 p.m. (Jika kamu terus
nyetir mobil pada kecepatan ini, kita mungkin tiba di rumah sebelum jam 10 malam).

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Ø  I can pass this subject if I study hard. (Saya dapat lulus mata kuliah ini, jika saya belajar
giat).
Ø  You must bring an umbrella if you don’t want to get wet. (Kamu harus membawa payung,
jika kamu tidak ingin basah (kehujanan).6
Must

b. Habitual (kebiasaan/habit)                                                                                                

If + S + verb1,  S + verb1
Note: In this formula, modal auxiliary is used.

Exampels:
Ø  If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus. (Jika Budi punya cukup waktu, dia
biasanya jalan kaki ke kampus).
Ø  I usually watch football on TV every Saturday night if I do not fall asleep. (Saya biasanya
nonton sepakbola di TV tiap Sabtu malam jika saya tidak tertidur).
Ø  If he has money, he always treats us. (Jika dia punya uang, dia selalu mentraktir kita).

c.  Command (perintah)

If + S + verb1,  S + verb1

Exampels:
Ø  If you finish with your work, please help me. (Jika kamu selesai dengan pekerjaanmu,
tolong bantu saya).
Ø  Please give me a cigarette if you don’t mind. (Tolong beri saya sepuntung rokok, jika
kamu tidak keberatan).
Ø  If you have time, please meet me in my office.  (Jika kamu punya waktu, tolong temui
saya di kantor saya).

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2.3. Unreal Conditionals
            Unlike the real conditionals, the meaning of conditional sentences of this type is
always contrary to fact (the fact). That is, if the facts in the positive (affirmative),
conditionalnya definitely in negative sentences; Conversely, if the facts in a negative
sentence, the sentence should conditionalnya positive.7
            There are two types of sentences, unreal conditionals, namely: if the facts in the
simple present tense and if the facts in the simple past tense. Unreal conditionals can be made
using the conjunctions "if" (as in real conditionals), the inverse (put the word help) to the
next subject line, by using the "as if" or "as though", and the verb "wish". Use of the verb
"wish" is to be compared with the use of the verb "hope".8

A. Unreal conditionals jika faktanya dalam simple present tense

a. If the facts in the simple present tense or future tense, then conditionalnya follows this pattern:

If + S + verb2,  S + Would + Verb1

could
might
Exampels:

1. If the teacher didn’t speak quickly, I could understand better what he is teaching
about. (Jika guru itu tidak berbicara dengan cepat, saya dapat memahami dengan lebih baik
apa yang dia sedang ajarkan). Fakta dari kalimat ini adalah: the teacher speaks quickly, so
that, I can’t understand well what he is teaching about.
2. He could hug me, if he were here. (Dia boleh memeluk saya, jika dia di sini).
Faktanya: he can’t hug me, because, he is not here.
3. If I had a pair of wings, I would fly high. (Jika saya punya sepasang sayap, saya
mungkin terbang tinggi). Faktanya: I don’t have a pair of wings, I cannot fly high.

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Note:
1. Always use be "were"; Be "Was" is never used in unreal conditionals (see example 2).
2. If the play clause and clause in the sentence if the sentence is conditional positive
(affirmative), the fact must be in negative sentences. Conversely, if the play      clause and if
clause in conditional sentences is a negative sentence, the fact      should be in positive
sentences.

B. Unreal conditionals jika faktanya dalam simple past tense

            If the facts in the simple past tense or future tense past, then conditionalnya follow the
following formula:

If + S + had +verb3,  S + Would + have +Verb3

could
might
Exampels:

1. If Robby had not gone to a movie last night, he would not have met Susan (jika
Robby tidak pergi nonton film (di bioskop) tadi malam, dia tidak akan berjumpa dengan
Susan). Fakta dari kalimat ini adalah: Robby went to a movie last night, then, he met Susan.
2. If the German football team had played well, it could have beaten Spanish team (jika
team sepak bola Jerman bermain bagus, team itu dapat mengalahkan team Spanyol).
Faktanya: German foot ball team didn’t play well, it couldn’t beat the Spanish team.
3. You could have answered the questions well If you had studied well last night (kamu
dapat menjawab soal-soal dengan baik, jika kamu belajar dengan baik tadi malam). Faktanya
adalah: you couldn’t answer the questions well, because, you didn’t study well last night.
Note:  Unreal is this second condition can also be expressed by placing the auxiliary had at
the beginning of the sentence. Meaning of the sentence unchanged. In this case, if the word is
not used. If the following formula is used, main clause is always placed at the back (after sub-
clause)9.

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 Had + S + verb3,   S + Would + have +Verb3
could
might

Exampels:

1. Had Robby not gone to a movie last night, he would not have met Susan.
2. Had the German football team played well, it could have beaten the Spanish team.
3. Had you studied well last night, you could have answered the questions well.

Ø    As the use of if / As though in unreal conditionals

            Conjunction as if or as though (meaning: as if) can also be used to express a situation
contrary to fact. For this purpose, the verb that follows the conjunction must be in the past
tense (verb2) or past perfect tense (had + verb3).10

S + verb1 + as if/as though +  S + verb2

Exampels:

1. Norman behaves as if he were a president. (Norman berperilaku seolah-olah dia

seorang presiden). Faktanya, he is not a president.
2. You look as though you saw a ghost (you tampak seolah-olah kamu melihat setan).
Faktanya, you don’t see a ghost.
3. The plant grows fast as if it were 5 years old (tanaman itu tumbuh cepat seolah-olah
tanaman itu berumur 5 tahun). Faktanya, the plant is 1 years old.

S + verb2 + (as if/as though) +  S + had + verb3

Exampels:

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1. Ali talked about the contest as if he had won the grand prize. (Ali bercerita tentang
kontes itu seolah-olah dia telah memenangkan hadiah utama). Faktanya, he didn’t win the
grand prize.
2. He spoke as though he had not stolen the money. (Dia berkata seolah-olah dia tidak
mencuri uang itu). Faktanya, he stole the money.
3. She cried as though she had not been happy at all. (Dia menangis seolah-olah dia
tidak bahagia sama sekali) Faktanya, she was happy at all (itu tangis kebahagiaan kali!).

Use of Wish / hope in conditional sentences

            Verb wish and hope are both means hope, but its use in very different sentences.
Hopedigunakan to express something that may happen or it will probably happen. Instead,
wishdigunakan to express something that would not happen or will not happen.        Hope can
be followed by a verb in any tense; wish can not be followed by a verb in the simple present
tense or simple present tense auxiliary capital.11
Note the differences in the use of wish and hope the examples below:

1. We hope that they can come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Dalam
kalimat ini subject wetidak tahu apakah they bisa datang atau tidak. Tetapi, ada kemungkinan
bahwa they bisa datang.
2. We wish that they could come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Di
sini, we sudah tahu bahwathey tidak bisa datang. Faktanya adalah: they can’t come.
3. I hope that they came yesterday. (saya berharap kamu datang kemarin). Di
sini, I tidak tahu apakah theydatang atau tidak kemarin.
4. I wish that they had come yesterday. (saya berharap bahwa mereka datang
kemarin).12
Thus, the following clause in principle wish clause is unreal conditional.
            The use of the unreal conditionals wish there were 3, namely: future wish, wish
present and past wish

a. Future wish

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 S + wish + (that) +  S + could + verb1
would +verb1
were + verb-ing

Note: The use of relative pronoun "that" is optional (can be used, or may not):

Examples:

1. I wish my friend would visit me this afternoon. (Saya berharap teman saya akan
mengunjungi saya sore ini). Faktanya: my friend will not come this afternoon.
2. They wish that you could come to the party tonight. (Mereka berharap bahwa kamu
bisa datang sebentar malam). Faktanya: you can’t come.
3. Bobby wishes he were coming with Angelia.  (Bobby berharap dia datang dengan
Angelia). Faktanya:Bobby is not coming with Angelia.13

b. Present wish

S + wish + (that) +  S + verb2

Exampels:

1. I wish I were rich. (Saya berharap saya kaya). Faktanya adalah: I am not rich.

2. I wish I had enough time to finish my work. (Saya berharap saya punya cukup waktu
untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya). Faktanya: I don’t have enough time to finish my work.
3. John wishes that Ririn were old enough to be his girl friend. (John berharap bahwa
Ririn cukup umur untuk menjadi pacarnya). Faktanya: Ririn is not old enough to be John’s
girl friend.
4. I wish I didn’t have to come to class today.  (Saya berharap saya tidak harus pergi
kuliah hari ini). Faktanya:I have to go to class today.

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5. I wish my TOEFL score were over 650 now. (Saya berharap nilai TOEFL saya
sekarang lebih dari 650). Faktanya: my TOEFL score is not over 650 now.14
c. Past wish

S + wish + (that) +  S + had + verb3

could + had + verb3

Exampels:

1. I wish I had washed my clothes yesterday. (Saya berharap saya telah cuci pakaian-
pakaian saya kemarin). Faktanya: I didn’t wash my clothes yesterday.
2. Irwan wishes that he had answered the questions well. (Irwan berharap bahwa dia
telah menjawab soal-soal dengan baik). Faktanya: Irwan didn’t answer the questions well.
3. Christian Ronaldo wishes that his team could have beaten the German team. 
(Christian Ronaldo berharap bahwa teamnya dapat mengalahkan team Jerman).
Faktanya: Christian Ronaldo’s team couldn’t beat the German team.
4. I wish you had been here last night. (Saya berharap kamu ada di sini tadi malam).
Faktanya: you were not here last night.15

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 CHAPTER III
FINALITY

3.1. CONCLUSION
Conclusion fom our working paper are :
            Conditional sentences to expres predictable fact in the future or untrue event in the
present and in the past. Conditional sentences have three types, the first type is possibility, the
second type unreal present, and unreal past.
            The meaning of the type I is used in the result clause to express on estabilished, the
meaning of type II is untrue in the present/future, and the meaning type II or unreal past is
untrue in the  past
            Type 1 has formula is if,….present,future tense, type II has formula is if…..past tense,
past future and type III has formula is if….past perfect, past future perfect.

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 REFERENCE

 Frank, Marcella.2010.Modern English.New York:Prentice-Hall,inc

 W.Pramono, Suseno.Complete English Grammar.Indonesia:Nidya Pusaka
 Baehaqi,Imam.2015.LearningEnglishGrammar Through
Jokes.Yogyakarta:Cakrawala ilmu
 [Martin_Hewings]_Advanced_Grammar_in_Use_With_answ(BookFi.org)

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