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OVERHEAD DESIGN
MANUAL

Approved by: K.Nuttall

© ENERGEX 2007 BMS 01613 VERSION: 2.0 LAST UPDATE: 15/01/2007

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TIP LOAD CAPACITY OF REINSTATED POLES

Rebutted Poles can be assumed to be reinstated to their full original strength.

Nailed or Staked Poles are often reinstated to less than their original strength, but adequate to carry the applied tip load at the time of reinstatement. Nails are currently stamped with the Ultimate Bending
Moment Capacity of the pole and the year of installation. (Older nails may not be stamped in this way – refer ‘Poles’ 6943-A4.) Use the tables below to determine Tip Load Capacity of the reinstated pole.
Note: Even if the nail is of a large capacity, the tip load of the reinstated pole must NOT exceed the original tip load of the pole.
Nail
Resultant
Poles Where the Nail is Aligned With the Resultant Conductor Load

ULTIMATE BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY OF NAIL (kN.m)

POLE LENGTH (m) 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220
8 3.40 4.19 4.99 5.78 6.58 7.37 8.16 8.96 9.75 10.54 11.34 12.13 12.93 13.72 14.51 15.31 16.10 16.89
9.5 2.45 3.10 3.76 4.41 5.06 5.72 6.37 7.03 7.68 8.33 8.99 9.64 10.29 10.95 11.60 12.25 12.91 13.56
11 1.66 2.22 2.78 3.33 3.89 4.44 5.00 5.55 6.11 6.66 7.22 7.78 8.33 8.89 9.44 10.00 10.55 11.11
12.5 1.44 1.93 2.41 2.89 3.38 3.86 4.34 4.82 5.31 5.79 6.27 6.76 7.24 7.72 8.21 8.69 9.17
14 1.15 1.58 2.00 2.43 2.86 3.29 3.71 4.14 4.57 4.99 5.42 5.85 6.28 6.70 7.13 7.56
15.5 1.17 1.56 1.94 2.32 2.71 3.09 3.47 3.85 4.24 4.62 5.00 5.39 5.77 6.15
17 1.07 1.41 1.76 2.11 2.45 2.80 3.15 3.50 3.84 4.19 4.54 4.88
Nail Resultant

Poles Where the Nail is NOT Aligned With the Resultant Conductor Loads

ULTIMATE BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY OF NAIL (kN.m)

POLE LENGTH (m) 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220
8 2.08 2.61 3.14 3.67 4.19 4.72 5.25 5.78 6.31 6.84 7.37 7.90 8.43 8.96 9.49 10.02 10.54 11.07
9.5 1.36 1.80 2.23 2.67 3.10 3.54 3.98 4.41 4.85 5.28 5.72 6.15 6.59 7.03 7.46 7.90 8.33 8.77
11 1.11 1.48 1.85 2.22 2.59 2.96 3.33 3.70 4.07 4.44 4.81 5.18 5.55 5.92 6.29 6.66 7.03
12.5 1.12 1.44 1.77 2.09 2.41 2.73 3.05 3.38 3.70 4.02 4.34 4.66 4.99 5.31 5.63
14 1.01 1.29 1.58 1.86 2.15 2.43 2.72 3.00 3.29 3.57 3.86 4.14 4.43
15.5 1.04 1.30 1.56 1.81 2.07 2.32 2.58 2.83 3.09 3.34
17 1.18 1.41 1.64 1.88 2.11 2.34

The above tables assume a ground line pole diameter equivalent to 3% of pole length.

DATE APP’D D Lloyd TIP LOAD CAPACITY

A
APP’D DATE 28/05/02 OF REINSTATED POLES
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S.Hennessy SHEET 1 OF 1
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE od1-6941a4 6941-A4 A
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BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY OF TIMBER POLES

NEW IN-SERVICE NEW IN-SERVICE

Dia S2 Strength S3 Strength S1 Strength S2 Strength S3 Strength Dia S2 Strength S3 Strength S1 Strength S2 Strength S3 Strength
(mm) Group Group Group Group Group (mm) Group Group Group Group Group
No No No No No No No No No No
Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind
Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind
120 2.9 5.8 2.5 5.0 4.4 8.7 3.6 7.3 3.1 6.2 320 55.3 110.7 47.0 93.9 82.8 165.7 69.2 138.3 58.7 117.4
130 3.7 7.4 3.1 6.3 5.6 11.1 4.6 9.3 3.9 7.9 330 60.7 121.4 51.5 103.0 90.8 181.7 75.9 151.7 64.4 128.8
140 4.6 9.3 3.9 7.9 6.9 13.9 5.8 11.6 4.9 9.8 340 66.4 132.7 56.3 112.7 99.4 198.7 83.0 165.9 70.4 140.8
150 5.7 11.4 4.8 9.7 8.5 17.1 7.1 14.2 6.0 12.1 350 72.4 144.8 61.5 122.9 108.4 216.8 90.5 181.0 76.8 153.6
160 6.9 13.8 5.9 11.7 10.4 20.7 8.6 17.3 7.3 14.7 360 78.8 157.6 66.9 133.7 117.9 235.9 98.5 197.0 83.6 167.2
170 8.3 16.6 7.0 14.1 12.4 24.8 10.4 20.7 8.8 17.6 370 85.5 171.1 72.6 145.2 128.1 256.1 106.9 213.8 90.8 181.5
180 9.8 19.7 8.4 16.7 14.7 29.5 12.3 24.6 10.4 20.9 380 92.7 185.3 78.7 157.3 138.7 277.4 115.8 231.6 98.3 196.6
190 11.6 23.2 9.8 19.7 17.3 34.7 14.5 29.0 12.3 24.6 390 100.2 200.3 85.0 170.0 150.0 299.9 125.2 250.4 106.3 212.6
200 13.5 27.0 11.5 22.9 20.2 40.4 16.9 33.8 14.3 28.7 400 108.1 216.1 91.7 183.5 161.8 323.6 135.1 270.2 114.7 229.3
210 15.6 31.3 13.3 26.5 23.4 46.8 19.5 39.1 16.6 33.2 410 116.4 232.8 98.8 197.6 174.2 348.5 145.5 291.0 123.5 247.0
220 18.0 36.0 15.3 30.5 26.9 53.8 22.5 45.0 19.1 38.2 420 125.1 250.2 106.2 212.4 187.3 374.6 156.4 312.8 132.7 265.5
230 20.5 41.1 17.4 34.9 30.8 61.5 25.7 51.4 21.8 43.6 430 134.3 268.5 114.0 227.9 201.0 402.0 167.8 335.6 142.5 284.9
240 23.3 46.7 19.8 39.6 34.9 69.9 29.2 58.4 24.8 49.5 440 143.8 287.7 122.1 244.2 215.3 430.7 179.8 359.6 152.6 305.2
250 26.4 52.8 22.4 44.8 39.5 79.0 33.0 66.0 28.0 56.0 450 153.9 307.7 130.6 261.2 230.4 460.7 192.3 384.7 163.3 326.5
260 29.7 59.4 25.2 50.4 44.4 88.9 37.1 74.2 31.5 63.0 460 164.4 328.7 139.5 279.0 246.1 492.1 205.5 410.9 174.4 348.8
270 33.2 66.5 28.2 56.4 49.8 99.5 41.5 83.1 35.3 70.5 470 175.3 350.6 148.8 297.6 262.5 524.9 219.1 438.3 186.0 372.0
280 37.1 74.1 31.5 62.9 55.5 111.0 46.3 92.7 39.3 78.7 480 186.7 373.5 158.5 317.0 279.6 559.2 233.4 466.9 198.1 396.3
290 41.2 82.4 35.0 69.9 61.7 123.3 51.5 103.0 43.7 87.4 490 198.7 397.3 168.6 337.3 297.4 594.8 248.3 496.7 210.8 421.6
300 45.6 91.2 38.7 77.4 68.3 136.5 57.0 114.0 48.4 96.8 500 211.1 422.2 179.2 358.3 316.0 632.0 263.8 527.7 224.0 447.9
310 50.3 100.6 42.7 85.4 75.3 150.6 62.9 125.8 53.4 106.8

All Bending Moment values are in kN.m

Dia (mm) is typically ground line diameter but may be applied to any part of the pole.

DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

A
APP’D DATE 28/05/02 BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY
CKD REC’D M Irvine OF TIMBER POLES
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S.Hennessy SHEET 1 OF 1
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\6944a4 6944-A4 A
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1. POLE INSPECTION FOR IN-SERVICE POLES

Whenever the tip load of an in-service pole is increased by more For wood poles without any internal hollows, the table in Dwg
than 1kN (No Wind condition), an assessment of the residual 6946-A4 – Bending Moment Capacity Of Timber Poles may be
strength of the pole is required. used in lieu of the PoleStrength program.

Poles that are less than 10 years old, or that have been For reinstated poles that are assessed as sound by the pole
reinstated (ie nailed or rebutted) within the last 10 years, shall be inspector, the designer shall compare the strength of the
exempt from this procedure. reinforcing system with the proposed tip load (refer ‘Poles’ 6946-A4
– Bending Moment Capacity Of Timber Poles).
The designer shall complete Section 1 of Form 1271 “Pole
Inspection for Altered Tip Loads” supplying the pole site ID and
address. This should be forwarded to the Network Maintenance
Contract Department.

The Contract Officer shall arrange for a pole inspector under the
current contract to inspect the pole and obtain the necessary field
measurements for wood poles – ground line diameter, height and
dimensions of any internal hollows – completing Section 2 of the
form.

The form is returned to the designer. For wood poles, the designer
should then calculate a revised pole tip load rating using the
measurements provided and the PoleStrength program within the
design applications package. This strength is to be compared with
the proposed tip load to determine the suitability of the existing
pole.

External designers have the option of liaising directly with a rated

Pole Inspector.

B DATE 30/6/03 APP’D D Lloyd POLES

APP’D D Lloyd DATE 28/05/02 POLE INSPECTION FOR
CKD G Bartlett REC’D M Irvine IN-SERVICE POLES
ATHR M Irvine © COPYRIGHT 2003 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
Tip load modification now AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 1 OF 5
in part or whole without written
refers to1kN increase
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\6945a4 6945-A4 B
 UNCONTROLLED COPY
2. POLE PEGGING

Poles and stays shall be pegged at the centre of the proposed position.
Authority Standard Pole Remarks
Alignment
Only ORANGE fluorescent paint (Stock Code 14010) will be used for
temporary marking of pole and stay positions and pegs. Refer AS 1345 (Centre of Pole)
for temporary marking of electrical services in road reserves Beaudesert Shire 2.92m
Council
Check for services clashes – QDBYDS (phone 1100, fax 1300 652077). Brisbane City Council 3.27m for new 4.25m wide
footpaths
2.95m for old 3.75m wide
footpaths
0.8m BFK Streetlights on footpaths
3. POLE ALIGNMENTS or 0.98m BKI > 4.75m wide

Poles located within road reserves shall be installed on an alignment

approved by the authority controlling the roadway – generally the Main Caboolture
Roads Department or the local authority (council). Caloundra 3.05m Pole
0.7BFK Streetlight
Standard pole alignments for authorities within the ENERGEX franchise Gatton
area are tabulated below. Note that certain authorities reference the Gold Coast 0.45m BFK to front
alignment to the real property boundary, others behind the face of the of pole
kerb (BFK) or behind the kerb invert (BKI). Ipswich City Council 3.2m
Logan City Council 3.05m
Note that local authorities may have additional restrictions on pole Maroochy Shire Council
placement, eg clearances from walking paths and bike paths. Noosa Shire Council
Pine Rivers Shire
Restrictions concerning streetlight pole placement are also found in Council
AS/NZS1158 - Road Lighting.
Redcliffe City Council 3.3m
Redlands Shire Council 2.95m

Main Roads

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 POLE ALIGNMENTS
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 2 OF 5
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\ 6945-A4 A
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4. STANDARD POLE AND UNDERGROUND ALIGNMENTS

LOCAL POLE ALIGNMENT U/G ALIGNMENT SITUATION COUNCIL COMMENTS

AUTHORITY DRAWING REF.

NORTH COAST

Caloundra City 3.2m centre from RP Align 0 -1.2m from RP Align for footpath widths 3.5m and Figure 9
Council (with Gas) above

Maroochydore Shire 2.95m centre from RP Align 0 -1.2m from RP Align for all footpath widths R-002, R-0101
Council
Noosa Shire Council 2.95m centre from RP Align 0 -1.2m from RP Align for all footpath widths 9007
Cooloola Shire 3.0m centre from RP Align 0.3 -0.9m from RP R-08 Council considering pole
Council Align alignment 1.0m behind kerb
for footpaths exceeding 4.0m
wide
Caboolture Shire 3.2m centre from RP Align 0 -1.0m from RP Align A4/01-64
Council (with Gas)

NORTHERN

Redcliffe City 3.3m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.9m from RP Align for standard footpath 4.0m S19A
Council wide

Pine Rivers Shire 3.05m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.75m from RP for footpaths 3.5m wide 8 - 0049
Council Align

0.45m from face of kerb 0 - 0.75m from RP for footpaths exceeding 3.5m 8 - 0049
Align wide
2.75m centre from RP Align for footpaths without kerbing unnumbered sketch

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 STANDARD POLE AND
CKD REC’D M Irvine UNDERGROUND ALIGNMENTS
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 3 OF 5
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\ 6945-A4 A
 LOCAL POLE ALIGNMENT
UNCONTROLLED
U/G ALIGNMENT
COPY
SITUATION COUNCIL COMMENTS
AUTHORITY DRAWING REF.

BRISBANE

Brisbane City 3.25m centre from RP Align (was 0 - 0.91m from RP for footpaths 3.66m wide to Unnumbered drawing BCC Licensing Compliance
Council 3.43m to road face of pole) Align kerb face installed pre 1973 - pre 1973 & post Officer ph 3403 8888
1973
2.9m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.91m from RP for footpaths 3.75m wide to W106/1E Dan Maher, Road & Traffic
Highside** Align kerb face installed after 1973 Design ph 3403 0539

2.74m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.91m from RP for footpaths 3.75m wide to W106/1E
Lowside** Align kerb face installed after 1973

1.75m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.91m from RP for footpaths 2.44m wide
Align
0.3m behind kerb to pole face for footpath width exceeding
4.0m
New Subdivisions 2.95m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.9m from RP Align for 3.75m standard width WS 10-1, WS 10-2
footpath
0.8m centre behind face of kerb for footpaths exceeding
4.75m wide

2.845m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.9m from RP Align for 4.25m standard width WS 10-2, Fig B8.4 (1)
Highside footpath & (2)
3.27m centre from RP Align
Lowside
0.8m centre behind face of kerb for footpath width exceeding
5.25m

SOUTHERN

Redlands Shire 2.95m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.9m from RP Align for all footpath widths 1038A
Council
Beaudesert Shire 3.05m centre from RP Align 0 - 1.2m from RP Align for footpaths 4.5m wide and A4 - 004252, 50400
Council (with Gas) RURAL areas without kerbs
Logan City Council 3.075m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.75m from RP for footpaths min 3.5m wide 8-00306, 8-00307, 8-
Align 00308

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 STANDARD POLE AND
CKD REC’D M Irvine UNDERGROUND ALIGNMENTS
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 4 OF 5
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\ 6945-A4 A
 LOCAL POLE ALIGNMENT
UNCONTROLLED
U/G ALIGNMENT
COPY
SITUATION COUNCIL COMMENTS
AUTHORITY DRAWING REF.

SOUTH COAST

Gold Coast City 0.7m from face of kerb 0 - 0.9m from RP Align for footpaths 3.5m - 6.0m 59205
Council wide
2.5m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.9m from RP Align for footpaths in RURAL 59205
areas

WESTERN

Gatton Shire 3.05m centre from RP Align 0 - 1.2m from RP Align for footpaths 4.0m wide EROC-19, Use existing alignments in
Council 5.0m centre from RP Align (with Gas) for footpaths 6.0m wide unnumbered plan established areas if alignment
is non-standard
Boonah Shire 3.05m centre from RP Align 0 - 1.2m from RP Align for footpaths 4.0m min wide
Council (with Sewer)
Laidley Shire 3.2m centre from RP Align 0 -1.225m from RP Align for footpaths 4.0m min wide LSC-04
Council (with Gas)
Esk Shire Council 3.0m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.9m from RP Align Use existing alignments in
established areas if alignment
is non-standard
Ipswich City Council 3.2m cemtre from RP Align in 0 - 0.9m from RP Align existing established locations Use existing alignments in
Ipswich City Council area established areas if alignment
is non-standard
3.4m centre from RP Align in ex- 0 - 0.9m from RP Align existing established locations
Moreton Shire area
2.95m centre from RP Align 0 - 0.91m from RP for new subdivisions with STD.R010 &
Align footpaths 3.75m wide STD.R011

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 STANDARD POLE AND
CKD REC’D M Irvine UNDERGROUND ALIGNMENTS
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 5 OF 5
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\ 6945-A4 A
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PROBLEM – FIND THE TIP LOAD FOR THE POLE
SHOWN BELOW. Wind (MWT) Condition
10.5m (AGL) 3 x MARS (11 kV) T110 Refer ‘Mechanical Loads’ 6988-A4 – Wind, AAC.
8.0m (AGL) 4 x MOON (LV) T220
Note that both the span lengths of 90m and 105m are best
approximated the Medium Span Length for T110.
90 m
20° For a 20° deviation:
105 m 11kV T110M – MARS : 2.27 kN per Conductor x 3 → 6.81 kN
Resultant LV T220 – MOON : 2.33 kN per Conductor x 4 → 9.32 kN
Force

Side View Plan View Since the LV is attached below the tip of the pole, we reduce its load in
proportion to its height.
Attachment Height
No Wind (EDT) Condition

Refer ‘Mechanical Loads’ 6947-A4 – No Wind, AAC. LV resolved to tip 9.32 x 8.0 = 9.32 x 0.762 = 7.10 kN
10.5
Tip Height
For a 20° deviation:
Therefore the total tip load is:
11kV T110 – MARS : 0.82 kN per Conductor x 3 → 2.46 kN
LV T220 – MOON : 0.66 kN per Conductor x 4 → 2.64 kN
11 kV : 6.81 kN
+ LV resolved to tip : 7.10 kN
Since the LV is attached below the tip of the pole, we reduce its load in
proportion to its height.
TOTAL TIP LOAD 13.91 kN MWT
Attachment Height

LV resolved to tip 2.64 x 8.0 = 2.64 x 0.762 = 2.01 kN

The EDT and MWT results may be compared with the tip load ratings
10.5
for 12.5m poles to determine pole size and whether staying is required.
Tip Height
Therefore the total tip load is:
Notes: Only conductor loads need be considered.
11 kV : 2.46 kN
There is no need to include pole wind load, since this is
+ LV resolved to tip : 2.01 kN
accounted for in the pole strength ratings.
TOTAL TIP LOAD 4.47 kN EDT

DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

A
APP’D DATE 28/05/02 WORKED EXAMPLE
CKD REC’D M Irvine TIP LOAD CALCULATION
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 2 OF 2
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\6947a4 6947-A4 A
 UNCONTROLLED COPY
ENGINEERING BACKGROUND

1. POLE STRENGTH
For the wind condition, the result, FT, should have the wind load
The tip load capacity of a solid, round, tapered timber pole on the pole itself, FP, deducted. The self wind loading of the pole,
planted in firm ground can be assumed to be: resolved to its tip, can be assumed to be:

FT = π f Dgl3 φ / 32 h FP = 0.5 h Dgl Pwp

where: where:
FT is tip load capacity of the pole (kN) Fp is tip load due to wind on pole and fittings (kN)
f is the ultimate bending stress, or modulus of rupture of the Pwp is design wind pressure (kPa), 0.750 kPa
timber (kPa, or kN/m2) 0.5 is included since the centre of pressure is midway up the
Dgl is ground line diameter of the pole (m) pole.
φ is the material strength factor (inverse of ‘safety factor’)
Note that the taper of the pole can be ignored, since it is offset by
h is pole height above ground (m).
the constructions/fittings at the pole top.
Strength Group Modulus of Rupture
(AS/NZS 2878:2000) (kPa)
Refer ESAA C(b)1-1991 Appendices C & D for further details.
S1 103,000
S2 86,000
S3 73,000 Note:
F
Bending Moment (kN.m) is the product of
load (kN) and distance (m) from the pivot
Material Strength Factor h
point to the point at which the force is
Pole In-Service Poles applied.
New Poles
Type (As used in Pole Inspection Analysis)

No Wind Wind No Wind Wind When determining allowable conductor loads,

Wood 0.2 0.4 0.25 0.5 remember to allow for the wind load on the pole itself.
Concrete 0.4 0.5 – –

DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

A
APP’D DATE 28/05/02 ENGINEERING BACKGROUND
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 1 OF 2
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\6948a4 6948-A4 A
 Example:
UNCONTROLLED
2.
COPY
NAILED POLE STRENGTH

A pole of species ‘GB’ has a ground-line diameter of 220mm. To determine pole tip load capacity under wind conditions
The pole is 9m high (above ground). What is its tip load (750Pa) from the value of ultimate strength for a nail, use the
capacity? following formula:

‘GB’ is strength group S2. Looking at the table above, we FT = MU φ / h - FP = 0.5 MU / h - 0.375 h Dgl
observe that for an in-service pole of strength group S2 and
diameter 220mm, the maximum bending moment is: where:
FT is tip load capacity of the pole (kN)
No Wind: 22.5kN.m MU is the ultimate bending moment capacity of the pole nail
Wind: 45.0kN.m (kN.m)
h is the height of the pole above ground (m)
Dividing by the pole height of 9m, we can obtain pole tip load FpI s tip load due to wind on pole and fittings (kN)
capacities: Dgl is ground line diameter of the pole (m)
φ is material strength factor (i.e inverse of safety factor.
No Wind: 2.5kN
Wind: 5.0kN
3. FOUNDATIONS
For the Wind Condition, we must deduct the wind load on the pole The maximum tip load that should be applied to a round pole
itself: planted in natural earth can be assumed to be:

Pole Wind Load = 0.5 x Wind Pressure x height x GL diameter FT = k Dgl J 3 / 12 (h + 0.75 J)
= 0.5 x 0.750 x 9 x 0.22
= 0.74kN where:
FT is tip load capacity of the pole (kN)
Thus Wind Condition tip load capacity is revised to: k is the passive soil reaction per unit depth (kPa/m)
Dgl is ground line diameter of the pole (m)
5.0 – 0.74 = 4.26kN. J is the sinking depth of the pole (m)
h is pole height above ground (m)

Imported foundation materials such as concrete effectively

increase the bearing area of the pole against the natural ground.

Refer ESAA C(b)1-1991 Appendix C for further details.

DATE APP’D D Lloyd POLES

A
APP’D DATE 28/05/02 ENGINEERING BACKGROUND
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 2 OF 2
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\6948a4 6948-A4 A
 UNCONTROLLED COPY
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
AERIAL BUNDLED A type of overhead cable available in both LV and HV CADASTRAL MAP A map or plan showing details of land tenure (e.g., property
CABLE comprising XLPE insulated compacted aluminium phase (Parish Map) boundaries or natural features).
conductors laid together to form a ‘bundle’. HVABC CADASTRAL SURVEY A map or plan showing details of land tenure use for
incorporates a catenary wire for extra support and earthing PLAN lodgement to the titles office.
and either a metallic or nonmetallic screen. LVABC is self
supporting. CALCULATED The minimum load (in kN) at which a conductor fails,
In some cases, a HDPE oversheath is incorporated for BREAKING LOAD >breaks= or exceeds its maximum tensile strength.
improved abrasion resistance. CANTILEVER STAY See “Sidewalk Stay”.
AERIAL STAY A staywire erected between two poles or between a pole CAPITAL A payment which an electricity authority requires a
and a bollard. CONTRIBUTION customer to make before starting work on a capital (new, or
AUSTRALIAN HEIGHT A level surface based on the mean sea level at thirty tide adding to the value of the authority’s assets) project on
DATUM gauges around Australia’s mainland coast. behalf of the customer. The payment may fully or partly
cover the cost of the works.
AUSTRALIAN MAP A means of identifying a site within Australia by coordinate
GRID (Northing and Easting). CLINOMETER An instrument for measuring slope.

AIR BREAK SWITCH CHAINAGE The distance from a datum along the centreline of a
3∅, ganged, pole mounted switching device utilising air as
roadway. This term and offset are used to make reference
an insulation medium. Capable of making, carrying and
to points on roadworks plans.
breaking currents to specified levels under normal
conditions. Capabilities are extended through use of arcing CIRCUIT BREAKER Mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying
horns or “Arcmasters” which respectively provide limited to and breaking currents under normal conditions.
full load break ability. Air breaks cannot interrupt fault Capable of making, carrying for a specified time and
currents. Refer Isolator Switch. breaking currents under specified abnormal conditions (eg.
AutoCAD A popular proprietary software Computer-Aided Drafting short circuits).
package suitable for use with Personal Computers. Primary control is via external protection relays and manual
Registered Trademark of AutoDesk, Inc. overrides.
Circuit breakers are normally ground mounted.
AUXILIARY BOARD Addition to a LV switchboard. In general it:
A circuit breaker (fitted with automatic reclose and external
• includes a GPO with fuse and link
protection relays) is operationally similar to a recloser.
• may have additional fused supplies Circuit breakers may occur in ring main units. Refer
• is connected between the LV switch (ie. isolator or Recloser.
switch fuse), and the most convenient LV fuse or A combination of links that, close the through circuit and
COMBINATION LINKS
switch fuse. then isolate the apparatus in one sequenced action, or vice
BAY See “Span”. versa (eg. Live bypass for single-phase regulators).
BLOWOUT The horizontal deviation from centre of powerline
conductors subjected to wind forces. COMMON MEN The LV MEN system extended to include the HV system
BOLLARD A pole specifically for supporting an aerial staywire. SYSTEM (CMEN) earthing with voltages up to subtransmission level. See
BRIDGING Short flexible leads providing electrical continuity across “Multiple Earth Neutral”.
points on the system which are structurally broken.

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 2 OF 6
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\7054 7054-A4 A
 COMMON USE POLE
UNCONTROLLEDDUCT
COPY
A pole owned by either the electricity authority or some A pipe or closed passage formed underground or in a
other authority (e.g., Telstra) used by both parties to structure and intended to receive one or more cables which
support their mains. may be drawn through them.
CONDEMNED POLE A pole assessed as unsuitable to remain in service, EARTHING (Earths) The process of connecting components of electricity supply
typically due to diminished strength from white-ant attack, networks to ground to prevent dangerous voltages
below-ground rot or some other cause. occurring on components which may be contacted by
CONDUCTOR A wire or other form of conducting material suitable for persons, or which may be damaged by the voltages.
carrying current. Usually applied to rods, metallic electrodes or a group of
interconnected rods and the wire making connection to the
CONDUIT See “Duct”. distribution system component that is ‘earthed’.
CONSTRUCTION Pole attachments and their configuration, including EASEMENT A strip of land registered on the title deed in the office of
crossarms and insulators. the Registrar of Titles allowing access or other rights to a
CONSTRUCTION See “Works Plan”. public body or party other than the owner of the parcel of
DRAWING land on which the easement exists.
CORFLO A commercial name for a type of ribbed UPVC conduit. EVERY DAY TENSION See “Sustained Load”.
CROSS-ROAD PILLAR A service pillar fed by underground supply from the EXCESS CABLE A charge electricity authorities apply to customers to cover
opposite side of the road. CHARGE the cost of service cable and installation longer than the
CUBICLE See “Padmounted Transformer”. maximum length provided free of charge.
TRANSFORMER EXCAVATION NOTICE A form electricity authorities use to obtain approval to
The depth of excavation needed to reduce the existing excavate a local or public authority footpath to erect poles
CUT
ground levels to proposed ground levels at a particular or install underground cables.
point in a roadworks or other construction project. FEEDER A circuit (normally HV) emanating from a substation for
distributing electric power.
DISCONNECT BOX Junction box (typically set in the ground), which permits
cables to be connected in various configurations, via use of FIELD BOOK A notebook used to record site survey data (e.g.,
links. distances, bearings, angles, slope readings and
1∅, air insulated (normally), switch used to isolate lines topographical features).
DISCONNECT LINK
and apparatus from the network. A disconnect link shall be FILL The depth of earth to be deposited and compacted to raise
easily operable as a switch. It shall not require unbolting existing ground levels to proposed ground levels at a
(or otherwise complex disconnection), of electrical particular point in a roadworks or other construction
connections. Refer Link. project.
DISTRIBUTION That part of the electricity supply network at voltages below FOOTPATH A distance relative to the edge of a footpath (usually the
NETWORK transmission/ subtransmission level (typically 22 kV, 11 kV ALIGNMENT property boundary side) used to describe the position of an
and LV). See also “Distribution Mains” or “Distribution underground service or pole.
System”. FOOTPATH A space in the footpath between two alignments
DISTRIBUTION A substation that transforms or converts electrical energy ALLOCATION designated by the local or public authority in which a pole
SUBSTATION from a higher voltage network to a secondary distribution or underground service may be located.
network (see also “Padmounted Transformer”). GATIC A commercial name for a type of segmented steel and
DROP OUT (DO) or Drop Out fuse (DO) is a fuse where the fuse carrier drops concrete cover used on cast-in-situ pits in roadways and
into an open position, after the fuse has operated. Use of footpaths.
DROP OUT FUSE
the term EDO shall be discontinued. GROUND CLEARANCE The vertical distance between the conductor and ground.

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 3 OF 6
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\7054 7054-A4 A
 UNCONTROLLEDLUMINAIRE
COPY A streetlight fitting including lamp, reflector and control
GUARANTEE A contract signed by a prospective customer which
guarantees an electricity authority a set sum of money equipment.
annually for a fixed term to supply electricity, regardless of MAINS Common parts of a network between various sites,
whether energy is used or not. describing particular voltage classes of
HEAD STAY See “Aerial Stay”. overhead/underground feeder network (e.g., 11 kV mains,
LV mains).
HEIGHT STICK An extendable stick used for measuring the heights of
conductors and poles. MASTER DROP OUT Master Drop Out fuse (MDO) is a 3∅, ganged, protective
FUSE device comprised of drop out fuses.
HIGH VOLTAGE (HV) Electrical potential in the range of 1000V to 33kV.
MDO provides discrimination between upstream and
ISOLATOR SWITCH 1∅ or 3∅, enclosed switching device utilising air, oil, SF6, downstream protection elements. It is typically located
or vacuum Insulation mediums. Capable of making, where a spur or tee-off branches form the feeder
carrying and breaking currents to specified levels under backbone. It is mechanically configured to open all phases
normal conditions. Isolators cannot interrupt fault currents. irrespective of fault type. Refer Drop Out Fuse.
In substations such an enclosed switch shall be called an MAXIMUM DEMAND Maximum Demand Indicator (MDI) is a resettable, peak
isolator and a similar non-enclosed switch shall be called INDICATOR demand, current measuring device.
an air break. Isolators may exist in ring main units.
A location in an electricity supply network where two or MAXIMUM WORKING See “Short Duration Load”.
JOINT
more cables join or terminate. TENSION
JOINT USE See “Common Use Pole”. MEAN EQUIVALENT A theoretical span length used to represent the behaviour
POLE/COLUMN SPAN (Ruling Span) of a number of spans of varying lengths in a strain section
of an overhead powerline.
KING BOLT The main bolt attaching a crossarm or other fixture to a
pole. MODULE A specific learning segment, complete in itself, dealing with
one or more competency units, capable of being separately
KING BOLT SPACING The vertical distance between king bolt attachment points. assessed and standing on its own.
In a top construction, it may be the distance from below the
top of the pole to the attachment point. MOUNTING HEIGHT The vertical distance between the centre of a luminaire and
the surface of the carriageway immediately beneath.
KIOSK TRANSFORMER See “Padmounted Transformer”.
MULTIPLE EARTH An earthing system connecting the neutral conductor to an
LINK 1∅, air insulated (normally), isolation point used to isolate NEUTRAL (MEN) earth electrode in a customer’s electrical installation, at
lines and apparatus from the network. A link shall require electricity authority transformers and at multiple locations
unbolting (or otherwise complex disconnection), of on the electricity distribution network.
electrical connections. Refer Disconnect Link.
NOTICE OF See “Excavation Notice”.
LINK PILLAR A pillar containing isolating links or switch fuses allowing EXCAVATION
the joining together or disconnection of two or more LV
distribution circuits. Commonly found in URD estates. OPISOMETER A small hand instrument like a miniature trundle wheel with
graduated dial carrying an engraved scale. Used in
mapping , it is ‘wheeled’ along a line on a map and the
scale distance read from the dial.
LOAD TRANSFER An enclosed, non-air insulated, pole mounted switch with
SWITCH full load break capability but no inbuilt protection functions. OPTICAL RANGE See “Telemeter”.
FINDER
LONG SECTION See “Profile”.
OUTRIGGER STAY See “Sidewalk Stay”.
LOW VOLTAGE (LV) Electrical potential in the range of 32V to 1000V.
OVERHEAD A map or plan detailing the overhead distribution system

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 4 OF 6
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\7054 7054-A4 A
 DISTRIBUTION MAP
UNCONTROLLEDREDUCED
COPY
(e.g., pole positions/numbers, overhead conductor LEVEL The elevation of a point above an adopted datum relative
types/sizes, span lengths, pole substations positions/sizes, to mean sea level.
air break switch positions/sizes and earth sizes). REGULATOR A regulating transformer in which one winding is intended
OVERHEAD MAINS Overhead powerlines constructed of suitable conductors to be connected in series with a circuit in order to alter its
and other components in accordance with the voltage and the other winding is an energising winding.
requirements of the Electricity Regulation. RESOURCE ESTIMATE A list of materials, labour and other requirements for a
PADMOUNTED Transformer mounted on a pad (typically concrete). construction project.
TRANSFORMER Typically considered as a distribution transformer, mounted RING MAIN UNIT Switchable device containing a combination of switch
(Cubicle, Kiosk at ground level and the enclosure (eg. the padmount fuses, and/or isolators, and/or circuit breakers. Typically a
Transformer) container) forms an integral part of the transformer. HV device connected to a transformer.
PARISH MAP See “Cadastral Map”. RULING SPAN See “Mean Equivalent Span”.
PHASING The relative positions of the phases in a polyphase power SAG The vertical distance between an overhead conductor’s
system. midspan height and the chord drawn between the
PILLAR See “Service Pillar”. attachment points of the conductor.
PIT An excavation giving access to underground cables for SAG TEMPLATE A transparent template shaped like a boomerang used to
installation, maintenance or repairs. draw profiles of overhead mains conductor spans.
PLANTING DEPTH See “Sinking Depth”. SAG TENSION A graph of sags and tensions applying to similar conductor
TEMPERATURE CURVE types over a range of span lengths and temperatures.
POINT OF ENTRY The position on a customer’s premises where the electricity
authority’s overhead service is attached. SECTIONALISER Switching device that automatically isolates faulted
sections of line from the distribution system. Normally
POLE A structure (wood, concrete, steel poles and columns)
applied in conjunction with a recloser or circuit breaker.
supporting conductors and other equipment forming part of
Sectionalizer has no fault interrupting capability. It counts
the overhead mains.
operations of recloser/circuit breaker during fault
POLE STAY See “Aerial Stay”. conditions. After a fixed number of counts the sectionalizer
POLETOP SWITCH See “Air Break Switch”. opens while the reloser/circuit breaker is open.
A longitudinal cross-section of ground or a powerline used Sectionalizer is available in 1∅ & 3∅ versions with
PROFILE
to check clearances and select optimum pole positions. hydraulic or electronic counting mechanisms.
SERVICE The electricity authority’s wires (running overhead or
RANGE ROD A painted staff or rod surveyors use to maintain a straight underground) connecting its mains to the customer’s
line or mark point. premises.
RATE See “Tariff”. An enclosure where underground supply to a customer’s
SERVICE PILLAR/PIT
RECLOSER 1∅, or 3∅ protective device able to sense over currents, to premises is connected to the secondary distribution
time and interrupt overcurrents, and to reclose network through a primary fuse.
automatically to re-energise line sections. Line sections SHORT DURATION The force applied by the conductors to support structures
with “permanent faults” may be isolated after a set number LOAD in an intense wind.
of operations. Reclosers have hydraulic or electronic
controls and use oil, SF6 or vacuum interrupting mediums. SIDEWALK STAY A type of ground stay where the staywire is installed
Primary control is internal or via manual overrides. vertically; used where footpath space is limited.
Reclosers are normally pole mounted. Refer Circuit SINKING DEPTH The depth of a pole below ground level.
Breaker.

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 5 OF 6
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\7054 7054-A4 A
 SPAN (Bay)
UNCONTROLLEDTIPCOPY
The horizontal distance between the pole attachment
LOAD Equivalent mechanical load applied to a pole tip by
points of an overhead conductor. attached conductors or stays.
SPANNING LIMITATION The maximum span distance and deviation angle that may TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP A map or plan showing details of the natural and manmade
be used for a given conductor and construction in an features of the country (e.g., hills, rivers, forests, swamps,
overhead powerline. roads and railway bridges etc.).
SPUR LINE A short radial electricity line. TRANSFORMER A device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to
STATION A site at which a survey measurement is taken. another, via a magnetic field that links the circuits.
TRENCHING Trenches excavated by an electricity authority or developer
STRENGTH RATING The maximum allowable pole tip load that may be applied
to install underground cables.
to a pole by both conductors and wind forces on the pole
itself. TRUNDLE WHEEL A device used to measure linear distances.
STRAIN SECTION A section of overhead powerline between fixed strain UNDERGROUND A map or plan detailing the underground distribution
points (shackle or termination constructions). DISTRIBUTION MAP system service (e.g., pillar and pit positions, cable pit
positions, duct sizes and configurations and cable sizes).
STRINGING TABLE A table providing stringing tensions and/or sags for a
nominated conductor over a range of span lengths and VERTICAL STAY See “Sidewalk Stay”.
conductor temperatures. WAVE SAGGING A way of determining conductor sag by timing the return of
STRINGING TENSION The tension to which a conductor is installed in an a wave generated at one end.
overhead powerline. WAYLEAVE A written authority which the owner/occupier of a property
SUSTAINED LOAD The continuous force exerted by conductors under no wind uses to authorise an electricity authority to construct,
conditions at 15°C. maintain and clear vegetation for electrical line
installations.
SUBDIVIDER’S SUPPLY An agreement between a supply authority and a developer
AGREEMENT (subdivider) covering conditions of supply to a subdivision. WORKS A document providing authorisation of works and
AUTHORISATION expenditure associated with provision of electricity supply.
SWITCH FUSE Combination switch and fuse providing a switchable
isolation point and protective fusing. Use of the term fuse WORKS PLAN An instruction in the form of a drawing or plan detailing the
switch shall be discontinued. (Construction Drawing) construction requirements to carry out nominated capital or
SWITCH GEAR Switching devices and their combination with associated maintenance works on the electricity distribution system.
control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment.
This may include assemblies, interconnections,
accessories, enclosures and supporting structures
associated with such equipment.
TARIFF A scale of charges and set of conditions electricity
authorities apply to customers to cover the capital cost of
installation, maintenance and electricity consumed.
TELEMETER (Optical A handheld optical instrument which measures the height
Range Finder) of objects (conductors etc.) by focusing two images of the
object in the field of view until they are aligned. The
distance between the instrument and object is read from a
scale on the instrument. The height of the instrument
above ground is added to the reading to determine the
object’s height.

A DATE APP’D D Lloyd

APP’D DATE 28/05/02 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CKD REC’D M Irvine
ATHR © COPYRIGHT 2002 ENERGEX CKD G Dowling
This drawing must not be reproduced
ORIGINAL ISSUE AUTHR S Hennessy SHEET 6 OF 6
in part or whole without written
permission from ENERGEX WORD FILE ODM\6935\7054 7054-A4 A