ENGLISH

Class 10th (KPK)

NAME: __________________________

F.NAME: _________________________

CLASS:___________ SECTION: ________

ROLL #: _____ SUBJECT: ____________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________

__________________________________________

SCHOOL: _____________________________________

https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom/

https://tehkals.com/
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

ENGLISH NOTES
FOR CLASS X
2020 and onward

By
Sher Ahmad Gul
English Teacher
(Member of Tehkals.com)

1|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 1

Simplicity and Humility Of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W)

Q.No 1: What is meant by simplicity and humility ?

Ans:Simplicity Means freedom from artificial , ornamental ,
pretential life style and luxury where as Humility Refers to modest
or low view of one`s own importance. Both these qualities please
Almighty ALLAH.

Q.No 2: Describe in a few sentences, the life style of Hazrat

Muhammad (S.A.W) in the light of the text that you have read ?
Ans: The life style of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) was very simple
and humble. He (S.A.W) avoided an elevated place for himself in
gathering and prefered to work with his own hands.

Q.No 3: How can simplicity and humility do away with the culture
of extravagance and waste?
Ans:The virtue of simplicity and humility can easily do away with the
culture of extravagance and waste simplicity and humility refrain us
from un-necessary ostentation, haughtiness, arrogance and pride due
to which a huge amount of hard-earned resources is squandered.
With simplicity and humility , we can escape those social evils.

Q.No 4: Read the last paragraph of the lesson simplicity and humility of
Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) with comprehension and write down the
main idea and supporting details of the paragraph.
Ans:The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) led a life of simplicity and humility and
it is a perfect example for us to follow we need to part ways with social

2|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

evils . Such as ostentation, arrogance and pride in order to have a happy

and successful life both here and in the hereafter.

Q.No 5: How did Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) treat his foster sister ?
Ans:The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) used to treat his foster sister with
kindness and mercy. On many occasions, He (S.A.W) used to stand up
and spread His own sheet for her.

3|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 2
The Champions

Q.No 1 : What is the significance of the title “ The Champion “ ?

Ans:The title “ The Champion “ is significant and it perfectly suits the
story because the story deals with a national boxing contest. The lyarite
boys are true champions both in boxing and in true friendship.

Q.No 2 : What was the dream of Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher ?
Ans:Both Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher had dreams of someday becoming
world`s light weight Boxing champion. Both the boys were trying
hard day and night to achieve their
cherished dreams.

Q.No 3 : Why was the fight so important for both Ali and Gul Sher ?
Ans: The fight was of equal importance for both Ali and Gul because
the winner was going to represent Pakistan in the world light weight
boxing championship. The winner had a chance to become the world
boxing champion which was a cherished dream of them.

Q.No 4 : How did the two friends fight? Describe in your own words
in five sentences.
Ans: The two friends fought fiercely. None was giving an inch. Both
pounded barrage of blows and punches on each other . The crowd

4|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

thought it to be a fight till death but this soon dispelled in the end
both of the friends embraced each other.

Q.No 5: Compare and contrast the characters of Ali and Gul ?

Ans: Ali and Gul were bosom friends and equally good boxers.Gul was
fair, lean lanky and a Pashtoon descendant . Ali was sheed dark ,
short and husky who had black hair in the natural afro-style.

Q.No 6: Is there any conflict in the story ? If yes, describe it in

detail ?
Ans: Yes, there is conflict in the story . Ali and Gul who were fast
friends who qualified for the final. The winner of the final was going
to represent Pakistan in the world lightweight boxing championship
both of them wanted to win the contest, but neither wanted their
friendship to be diminished .

Q.No 7 : What was the effect of the fight on the relationship of the
two friends ?
Ans:It was feared that the fight would affect their relationship badly
but it soon dispelled when the two friends embraced each other in the
end and they walked together out of the ring as true friends.

5|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q.No 8 : Keeping in view the relationship of the two friends , is it easy

or harder for them to fight each other? Support your answer by giving
references from the text.
Ans: It was very hard for them to fight before the fight they were
restless having terrible nights on one occasion Gul said. I have been awake
at nights pulling punches on you trying not to hurt you . Ali was also
wondering as he said, Man, I don`t know how to come out with it.
These references show that they wondered that the fight would affect
their friendship.

Q.No 9 : Are you satisfied with the ending. Support your response
with cogent arguments ?
Ans: Yes, we are satisfied with the ending of the story. Both the boys
fought with their full effort and energy. Both of them showed good
sportsmanship in the ring. The winner is not announced in the end. They
both deserved a prize for showing such good sportsmanship.

6|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 3
Dreams

Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That can not fly.
Paraphrasing
Langston Hughes, a famous African-American poet describes the
important of dreams in our life. The poet in the very first line
advises his reader to hold fast to dreams . One must have
dreams, aims and aspiration in life and has to strive hard for
achieving them. The metaphors of broken-winged bird is used for
life without dreams are vital and without them life is aimless
and meaningless.

Hold fast to dreams

For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Paraphrasing

Langston Hughes, a famous American poet describes the

importance of dreams in our life. The poet, in the very first

7|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

line advises his reader to hold fast to dreams. For life without
dreams, he uses the metaphor of barren land which has no crop.
A person without dreams is hindered from productive,
motivational and innovative thoughts. It is essential for a
meaningful and more over successful life to hold fast to dreams.

8|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 4
Population Growth and Its impact on Environment

Q.No 1: Why is there no single and easy solution to the problem of

population growth and its impact on environment ?
Ans: There is no single and easy solution to the problem of population
growth because it is the combined product of various causes. We need to
take into consideration every option that can help to solve this problem.

Q.No 2: How is the carrying capacity of earth effected ?

Ans: The carrying capacity of earth is effected by over population.
Mother earth has limited resources and it can barely support a
population not more than one trillion if the world`s population exceeds
this limit. The result will be chaos and catastrophe .

Q.No 3: Why does population growth directly affect the environment ?

Ans: Population growth directly affects the environment because greater
population leads towards greater consumption of recourses and production
of pollutants. Due to greater consumption, resources are reduced and
more waste is produced which adversely affects our environment.

Q.No 4: Analyse any passage of the text ‘Population growth and its
impact on environment’ and identity key idea and supporting details ?
Ans: The first paragraph starts with the sentences ‘population growth
has direct impact on enviroment’. This is a topic sentence because it
contains the key idea and are required to supporting details.

9|Page
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q.No 5: Locate an example from the text ‘Population growth and its
impact on environment’ that supports an opinion ?
Ans: The following sentences are the examples from the text.
1. Population growth has a direct impact on environment.
2. Deforestation imbalances environment.
3. The impact of these factors is very high on environment.

Q.No 6: Keeping in view the population and the environment of your

area, do you agree or not with the content of the lesson ? support your
view with solid arguments.
Ans:Yes, I agree with the content of the lesson. Several years ago there
were more trees in our area which made it green and beautiful. Those
trees have been cut down for mking fields and farms. Now, pollution
and congestion are main problems of our area.

10 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 5
The Great Masjid Of Cordoba And Iqbal
Q.No 1: Where did Abdul Rehman import fruit trees and other plants
from ? why ?
Ans: Abdul Rehman I imported fruit trees and other plants from
his former home Damascus in order to recreates the glory and
grandeur of the Umayyad period in his newly established caliphate in
paris.

Q.No 2: What can we achieve again if we enkindle in ourselves the

master passion (Ishq)?
Ans: If we enkindle the master passion of ishq in ourselves, we can
easily achieve the exalted state of moral and spiritual character which
is the quality of a Mard-e-Momin. This can grant us the lost glory
and granduer of our past.

Q.No 3: What is the view of Iqbal about the Masjid of Cordoba ?

Explain his view in your own words?
Ans: According to Iqbal the great Masjid of Cordoba is a symbol of
the Muslim faith and dominance in Europe. The beautiful and
numerous columns of the Masjid recall him the glory and the grandeur
which the muslims of the past possessed.

Q.No 4:What, in your opinion, is the significance of the Masjid of

Cordoba to present day Muslims? Explain.
Ans:In my opinion , the great Masjid of Cordoba reminds the Muslims
of today of their glorious past it telephorts us to the time when the

11 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Muslims enlightened the darkened Europe through their knowledge and

virtue. We can also achieve that long gone glory if we in a true sense
enkindle the exalted passion of the ishq in ourselves.

Q.No-5:Why did Iqbal greatly appreciate a faraway Masjid in Spain, when

there were superb buildings of the Muslims era in sub-continent ?
Ans:Iqbal greatly appreciated a faraway Masjid in Spain in order to
remind the Muslims about their glorious past. The Masjid is a symbol
faith, knowledge and great skill to the Muslims of past. Iqbal wants
the Muslim youth to be inspired by it.

12 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 6
In Spite of War

In spite of war, in spite of death

In spite of all man`s suffering
Something with in me laughs and sings
And I must praise with all my breath.
Paraphrasing

Angela Morgan , an American poetess of twentieth century acquaints

her reader with the brighter side of life. She says that at times of
tension, trouble and war, she hears something inside her soul that
sings the song of happiness which provides her with the wealth of
pleasure and she ultimately starts praising it.

In spite of war, In spite of hate

Lilacs are blooming at hate my gate
Tulips are tripping down the path
In spite of war, in spite of wrath .
Paraphrasing

Angela Morgan , an American poetess of twentieth century acquaints

her reader about the brighter side of life. She says that even in the
war , the beautiful lilacs and the blooming tulips stumble down the
path which enhance the beauty of the spot although environment is
polluted with wrath and war , still the poetess has a ray of happiness
in nature.

13 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

‘Courage’! the morning- glory saith

‘Rejoice’! the daisy murmmreth
And just to line is so divine
When pansies lift their eyes to mine.
Paraphrasing

Angela Morgan , an American poetess of the twentieth century

acquaints her reader with the brighter side of life. She says that the
morning glory gives her the courage to remain happy. The beautiful
daisies murmur to the poetess to rejoice and enjoy life to the fuller
extent.

The clouds are ramping with the sea

And flashing waves call back to me
That naught is real but what is fair,
That everyone and everywhere
A glory liveth through despair.
Paraphrasing

Angela Morgan, an American poetess of the twentieth century

acquaints her reader with the brighter side of life. She says that the
clouds were romping with the water of sea. Despair and suffering are
commonly found everywhere, but it is reality that mirth is found
side by side as well.

Though guns may roar and cannons boom

Roses are born and gardens bloom
My spirit still many light its flame
At that same torch when poppies came.

14 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Where morning is altar whitely burns

Lilies may lift their silver urns
In spite of war in spite of shame.

Paraphrasing

Angela Morgan an American poetess of the twentieth century

acquaints her reader with the brighter side of life. She says that in
spite of the heavy cannons and gunfire, beautiful roses are still born.
Fragrant gardens still bloom which provides the poetess with a ray of
hope and happiness.

And in my ear a whispering breath,

Wake from the nightmare ! look and see
That life is naught but ecstasy
In spite of war in spite of death.
Paraphrasing

Angela Morgan, an American poetess of the twentieth century

acquaints her reader with the brighter side of life. She says that
inspite of suffering, despair and war; her breath still whispers in her
ear to wake up from the frightened nightmare, life has mirth , joys
and elations for those who have the will to seek and achieve them.

15 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 7
The Aged Mother
Q-1: Why did the farmer decide to take her mother on the summit?
Ans:The farmer decided to take her mother on the summit because
he cosidered it the kindest mood with which he could kill his aged
mother. He was forced to abandon her there in order to carry out
the order of the despotic governor of the province.

Q-2: Why did the son hide his mother in the closet?
Ans:The son hid his mother in the closet because the cruel governor
had announced to kill all the aged people. The farmer wanted to
keep her away from the people’s eyes in order to save her life.

Q-3: What does the proverb “with the crown of snow, there cometh
wisdom mean”?
Ans:This means that wisdom comes with the passage of time. One
learns from mistakes which makes him experienced and wise.

Q-4: What is the theme of the story “The Aged Mother?”

Ans:The theme of the story “The Aged Mother” is the significance
of the aged people. They may be physically weak, but their
experience of life make them wiser than younger people.

16 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q-5: What is the climax of the story “The Aged Mother?”

Ans:The point when the governor ordered his subjects to present him
a rope of ashes is the climax of the story. The announcement spread
distress among the subjects and it was the farmer’s old mother who
found the solution.

Q-6: Why did the farmer disclose his secret?

Ans:The farmer disclose his secret because the governor was insisting
to know about the person who taught them wisdom. It was also safe
to reveal the secret because the governor was in a pleasant mood.

Q-7: What are the elements of the story “The Aged Mother?”
Ans:The elements of the story “The Aged Mother” are as following:
I ) Setting ii ) Ending iii ) Climax iv ) Characters
Vi ) Beginning vii ) Morality

Q-8: What is the setting of the story?

Ans:The setting of the story is as under:
A farmer lives with his aged mother at the foot of the
mountain in the remote town of Shinano. The governor is despotic
and the days are barbarous.

17 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q-9: Why did the leader issue the proclamation?

Ans:The leader issued the proclamation because he had a great and
cowardly shrinking from anything suggestive of failing health and
strength. He wanted all the aged people to be perished from the
province.

Q-10: How does the poor youth feel about the proclamation?
Ans:The poor youth thought the proclamation to be very cruel. It
filled his heart with sorrow because he loved his aged mother dearly
and did not want to lose her.

Q-11: How does the youth carry out the order?

Ans:The youth carried out the order by following his mother’s advice.
He gathered people who collectively made a rope of ashes by burning
twisted straws over a row of smooth stones in a windless night.

18 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 8
Women’s Role In Pakistan Movement
Q-1: How did Quaid-e-Azam empower and emancipate the muslim
women of the subcontinent?
Ans:The Quaid played a vital role in the empowerment and
emancipation of the muslim women of the subcontinent. He created
All India Muslim Women Subcommittee of the muslim league. He
stressed on the importance of women in the struggle for freedom for
muslim women.

Q-2: How did Begum Fatima, the principal of Jinnah Islamia College
mobilize female students?
Ans:Begum Fatima played a key role in mobilizing the female
students. She invited the Quaid to come to address the students of
her colleges. The Quaid’s speech has magnificent impact on the young
minds due to which female participation in the movement enhanced.

Q-3: Why did the Quaid stressed the importance of women as equal
partners of men in the creation of a separate homeland for muslims.
Ans:The Quaid stressed the importance of women as equal partners
of men because it was vital for achieving a separate homeland for
muslims. The Quaid believed that realization of goals and later on
progress was inconceivable without the participation of the women.

19 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q-4: Describe the role of women in Pakistan movement and their

love and aspiratins for the new homeland.
Ans:Women had played an important role in the Pakistan movement.
A galaxy of women appeared in the leadership of Muslim league
organizing and mobalizing women workers in the cities and at
disctrict levels. Their demand was a separate homeland for the
muslims of the subcontinent.

Q-5: Analyse the third paragraph of the lesson “Women’s Role In

The Pakistan Movement” and identify sentences that support the
main idea through cause and effect.
Ans:Main Idea: Patna session in 1931 was an important one for
women leaguers in Pakistan movement.
Supportive Sentences: a ) A galaxy of women emerged in the
leadership role of muslim league. B ) Quaid created the All India
Muslim Women Subcommittee of the Muslim League.

Q-6: What ideas and issues have been explored in the fifth paragraph
of the text “Women Role In The Pakistan Movement?”
Ans:The issue of the election has been explored in the fifth
paragraph of the text. Muslim League won all the muslim seats in
the provincial elections of Punjab, but was excluded from the
formation of provincial government. It led to 1946’s massive
demonstrations of women leaguers.

20 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 9
Equipment
Figure it out Jor yourself, my lad,
You've al that the greatest oj men have had,
Two arms, two hands, two legs, two eyes,
And a brain to use if you would be wise.
With this equipment they all began,
So start for the top and say " can"
Paraphrasing
Edgar Albert Guest , a famous American poet advises
the youth to rise and start for the top According to him, all the great
people were equipped with the same two hands, eyes, feet and a brain
yet they made for the top. The youth is acquainted that he has the
same equipment and can make it for the top.

Look them over, the wise and great,

They take their food from a common plate
And similar knives and forks they use,
With similar laces they tie their shoes,
The world considers them brave and smart
But you've all they had when they made their start.

Paraphrasing
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet advises
the youth to take inspiration from the wise and great people. He says
that all the great men used the knives and forks and ate food from the

21 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

common plate. Still the words considers them brave and smart all these
great men were born with no more equipment that very individual is
born with.

You can triumph ond come to skill,

Tou can be great j only you will
You're well equipped jor whot fight you choose,
TOu have legs and arms.and a Drain to use,
And the man who has risen, great deeds to do
Began his life with no more than you

Paraphrasing
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet advises
the youth to start his straggle and become great all men that have risen
and have great deeds to their names were born with two arms, legs and
a brain.
With these equipments they all started and achieved great goals. The
youth is remained that success can only be achieved by hard work and
strong will .

You are the handicap you must face,

You are the one who rmust choose your place,
You must say where you want to go.
How much you will study the truth to know
God has equipped you for life, But He
Lets you decide wnat you want to be

22 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Paraphrasing
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet says
that God has granted every individual with free will everyone is allowed
to decide and it is quite vital to decide wisely as this step leads towards
success and greatness. Human being are free to choose, but it is then
who have to face the conquests as well. Ever human being is well-
equipped and can become great if we makes full use of his given faculties.

Courage must come from the soul within,

The man must furnish the will to win,
So figure it out for yourself, my lad,
You were born with all that the great have had,
With your equipment they all began.
Get hold of yourself, and say: "1 can."
Paraphrasing
Edgar Albert Guest, a famous American poet says
that courage and strong will are vital for becoming great . Besides
physics powers and strengths, all great men had courage and strong will
and this is something that made them great. The young lad is advised to
get hold of himself and say I can do it.

23 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 10
Water scarcity in Pakistan
Q.No1:What are the main sources of water in Pakistan ?
Ans:Pakistan is blessed with various sources of water which are mentioned
as under:
A) Glacier b) rainfalls c) rivers
d) underground water.
Q.No2: What are the river drainage system of Pakistan ? Describe them
briefly ?
Ans:Pakistan has three important rivers drainage system which are
mentioned as under;
The Indus basis river:
It originate in Tibet flows to the west
an eventually falls into the Arabian sea.
Close basin kharan desert:
It consist of areas of mountain basins of
Quetta and basins of tributaries draining into
kharan desert its mean sources of water are rainfall and
snow.
Makran coastal basin:

Its main source of water is rainfall from

the basin; we get 0.78 million acre feet of water.
Q.No3: What are the main causes of water shortage in Pakistan? Discuss
in detail.
Ans:The main causes of water shortage in Pakistan are as under.
a) Over population b) construction of dams by Indio
c) wastage of water

24 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

d) Low water storage capacity e) repaid depletion

of ground water.

Q.No4: What measures can we take to overcome water shortage in

Pakistan?
Ans:We can take the following measures in order to overcome water
shortage in Pakistan.
a) Strict implementation of National water policy 2018
b) Construction of water reservoirs.
c) Control on over pumping of underground water and its wastage.
d) Increase the use of water efficient crops.
e) Switch over from conventional agriculture to conservative
agriculture.

Q.No5: What can you do on your own to contribute to conservation

of water your home and
surrounding?
Ans:We have to take the following measure in order to contribute to
the conservation of water in our
Home and surrounding.
a) We should repair leaked taps and pipes.
b) We should use water carefully while cooking, breathing or
water plants.
c) We should take short showers.
d) We should close the taps soon after use.

25 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q.No6: What is the importance of building national reservoirs? Can

you point out a spots in your area where small reservoirs can be
built to benefit the local population?
Ans:National reservoirs are considered as the backbone for a
country`s agriculture and economy. These reservoirs provide water for
irrigation as well as domestic and commercial use. A beautiful river of
crystal clear water flows in our hometown. The spot is naturally
perfect for building are small reservoir which will benefit the local
population and boost life-standard of the people of the area.

26 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 11
Genetically Modified Organism
(GMOs)
Q.No1: What is gene and genetics?
Ans:Gene
Gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a
parent to off springs and held to determine same characteristics
of the off springs.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation and
heredity in the living organism.

Q.No2: Why is the discovery of gene called a game changes in

biological sciences?
Ans:The discovery of gene is called a game changer in biological science
because it brought a revolution in this field. This discovery opened
the doors for newly-developed fields in agriculture. Genetics is a
widespread and important discipline of science today.

27 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Q.No3: What is genetic engineering ? What role does genetic

engineering play in producing genetically

modified organism?

Ans:Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering is the process of deliberate modification of the
characteristics of an organism directly by Transplanting DNA or genes
from other organism in its cells.

Q.No4: Name some GMOs are describe their characteristic by showing

how they are different from
Naturally occurring organisms?
Ans: Starlight Avatar has been developed through the introduction of
DNA from luminescent marine
bacteria info the chloroplast gene of common houseplant. This
plant is able to light without
the need of stimuli or chemical Anti-biotic resistant tobacco
plant is another example of GMOs.
This plant shows resistance agains certain types of bacteria.

Q.No5: Write at least two merits and two demerits of GMOs ?

Ans: Merits of GMOs
1. Increase resistance to disease

28 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

2. Large yield and greater nutrition control.

De Merits of GMOs
1. The behavior of the altered genes are unpredictable.
2. GMOs may take un-wanted characteristics that can harm our
bodies and ecosystem.
Q.No6: What in your opinion will be effects of GMOs on our lives ,
life-style and environment in the
future?
Ans:GMOs have somehow made our lives easy, but they also hold all
sorts of dangerous repercussions.
Due to unpredictability of the behavior, GMOs may become
more susceptible to certain insects
Or disease. It decrease the crop’s ability to produced vitamin E
. Even more frightening is the
Domino effect of the genetically modified food.
Q.No7: Have you ever genetically modified food? Give your suggestion
and solution for the same use of
genetically modified foods.
Ans: yes, I have used genetically modified food. They are safe to eat,
but we have to keep these points
in mind. We should eat only those GM foods which come to the
market after passing the
standard safety test. GM food that produced anti-biotic
resistance should be avoided.

29 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 12
They have cut down the pines

They have cut down the pines where they stood,

The wind will miss them____the rain,
When its Silver blind is down.
They have stripped the bark from the wood-
The needly boughs, and the brown
Knobby nuts trodden into the qround.

Paraphrasing
Mary lisle, a great Australian poetess describe the tragic
sight of mutilated, lacerated and destroyed pine trees in the stanza.
The Poetess says that the cruel People have cut down the pine trees
now the heavy rain and fast blowing wind cannot find them in its
place earlier, the fast blowing wind was bowling through them, but
now all is finished. The poetess says with regret that the wounded
lacerated mutilated, alternated and ripped branches of those
beautiful pine tree lay dispersed on the ground.

The kind and friendly trees,

Where oll day smal winds sound,
And oll day long the sun

30 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Plays hide and seek with shadows

Tl the multiplying shadows turn to one
And night is here.

Paraphrasing
Mary lisle, a great Australian poetess describes the tragic
sight of mutilated, lacerated and destroyed pine trees in the
stanza. The poetess says that these trees were friendly and kind to
us . The wind while passing through the branches of them produced
a beautiful and charming bound . The sun also played hide and seek
with the shadow of these beautiful trees. The multiplying shadow of
these beautiful trees. The multiplying shadow used to mingle which
resulted in the falling of the night. In short, the poetess has
beautifully drawn the image of day time and evening in the woods
which used to be.

The have cut down the trees and ended now

The gentle colloquy of bough and bough.
They are making a jence by creek,
And have cut down the pines for the posts.

Paraphrasing
Mary Lisle, a great Australian poetess describes the tragic
sight of mutilated, lacerated and destroyed pine trees in this stanza.
The poetess says that the cruel and mercilessly people have cut

31 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

down the beautiful pine trees . The charming sound of the blowing
wind through the branches of the tree was just like conversation.
After cutting down the pine trees that conversation has ended and
it could not be heard anymore. People have destroyed those
magnificent trees to fulfill their own needs such as making past and
fences by Greek.

Wan in the sunlight for ghosts

The naked trunks lie
A bird nested there it will seek
In vain: they have cut down the pines.

Paraphrasing
Mary lisle, a great Australian poetess describe the tragic
sight of mutilated, lacerated and destroyed pine trees in this stanza.
The poetess says that naked and lacerated trunk of the trees lie
destroyed on the ground. Their attenuated and ripped trunks look
pale and weal’s in the sunlight
earlier. There were nests of birds in those beautiful pine trees but
after cutting them down the birds have lost their habitats. The
happy quivering of the birds can not be heard anyone.

32 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 13
Hazrat Umar (R.A)
Q.No1: Why did hazrat Umar farooq (R.A) deposit the jewels given
by the empress of the Roma to Hazrat war’s wife in the Bait-ul-
Mal?
Ans:Hazrat Umar farooq (R.A) deposited the jewels in the bait-ul-
mal because they were sent by the empress of Rome as an exchange
to Umme Kalsoom. He (R.A) told Umme Kalsoom that the perfumes
were hers, but the ambassador used in the process was a government
employee.
Q.No2: Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of those people who served the
new religion with singleness of purpose. Describe the services of
Hazrat Umar (R.A) to Islam in the context of this statement?
Ans:The new religion Islam gained strength and power when Hazrat
Umar (R.A) accepted Islam. He gave great sacrifices for spread of
the true religion Islam. He (R.A) remained Caliph for ten years.
During this tenure, He (R.A) served Muslims as a true servant and
guardian.
Q.No3: Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s
(R.A) rule. Support this statement by giving evidences from the
text?
Ans:Simplicity and humility were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s
(R.A) rule. His standard of living was in no case higher than an
ordinary men. Every individual of the state had easy access to him

33 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

and was free to question his actions. He (R.A) ordered the

governors to eat coarse food, wear coarse clothes and let the
complaints have free access to him.
Q.No4: Why did Hazrat Umar (R.A) not eat wheat bread?
Ans:Hazrat Umar (R.A) did not eat wheat bread because its
availability to every individual of his dominion was not sure. According
to him, it was not justice to eat a thing that was not available for
a common man.
Q.No5: How did Hazrat Umar (R.A) ensure his own accountability
and the accountability of his governors before the public during his
government?
Ans:Hazrat Umar (R.A) emphasized and ensured His own and His
governors accountability. Everyone had easy and free access to him
and was free to question his actions. Every governor had to make
sure that the complaint had free access to him.

34 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Unit # 15
Equipment
THEY do me wrong who say come no more
When once I knock and fail to find you in,
For every day I stand outside your door
And bid you wake, ond rise to fight and win.

Paraphasing

Walter Malone, an American poet rejects the commonly held

belief that opportunity comes only once. He says that it is wrong to
say so because opportunity comes again and again. It comes everyday
and knocks at our doors. It bid us everyday to wake, rise for the
fight and win. Now, it is upto us to respond to it positively or
neglect it.

Wail not for precious chonces passed away!

Weep not for golden ages on the wane!
Each night I burn the records of the day-
At sunrise every soul is born again!

35 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Paraphasing

The poet, Walter Malone says that wailing and weeping for the
golden ages of the past is futile and it bears no fruit. Those golden
days have passed and it will be a good idea to bury the past that
has passed. Stop grieving and let the bygones be bygones. Never get
dismayed because every sunrise is a symbol of hope and new
beginning. It is never too late to turn your steering towards your
cherished destination.

Dost thou behold thy lost youth all aghast?

Dost reel from righteous Retribution's blow? s
Then turn from blotted archives of the past
And find the future's pages white os snow.

Paraphasing

Walter Malone, the poet of the poem says that if you have a
blotted and dreadful past which makes you anxious, forget about it.
Turn from those blotted archives of the past. Grieving the past is
futile because we can not change it. The present is a golden
opportunity that we are blessed with and our future pages are as
white as snow. It will be unwise to grieve what has passed and not
to take advantage of what we have in our hand.

36 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Art thou a mourner? Rouse thee from thy spell

Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven
Each morning gives thee wings to flee from hell,
Each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven.

Paraphasing

The poet, Walter Malone acquaints his reader that being a mere
mourner of the past has is fruitless. If the cause of your mourning
is your sins then seek forgiveness from the Almighty Allah because
the rain of HIS forgiveness is vast, HIS sea of mercy is unending.
Each morning is a golden opportunity for you to flee from hell and
each night is gifted to you in order to make your way towards
heaven.

Laugh like a boy at splendors that have sped

To vanished joys be blind and deaj and dumb;
My judgments seal the dead past with its dead,
But never bind a moment yet to come.
Paraphasing

The poet, Walter Malone advises the reader to forget about the joys
and splendors of the past that has vanished. Be blind, deaf and dumb
to them. The poet says that opportunity seals the dead past with

37 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

its dead and to bury the dead is a common human law. He advises
the reader to forget about the past, but make full use of the
opportunities that are yet to come.

Though deep in mire, wring not your hands and weep;

1 lend my arm to all who say " can!yi
No shome-faced outcast ever sank so deep c
But yet might rise and be again a man!

Paraphasing

Waltor Malone, the poet of the poem says that even in extreme
difficult situations, do not weep and not wring your hands because
no soul is burdened more than his capacity. There is always a way
out for those who are patient, have courage and trust GOD. These
qualities will lead you out, no matter how deep you are sunk and
how great your problems are.

38 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

ESSAYS
The Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
Introduction
Our Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) is the last
messenger of ALLAH. He (S.A.W) was born on nineth or twelvethe of
Rabi-ul-awal in 571 A.D. He (S.A.W) was the son of Abdullah bin Abdul-
Mutllib. He (S.A.W) belonged to Hashim family who were descendants of
Hazrat Ismail (A.S).

Life befoe Prophethood

The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was famous for his honesty and
truthfulness throughout Arabia. He (S.A.W) was called “Sadiq” and
“Amin” because He (S.A.W) was very honest and trust-worthy. Before
the prophethood, people brought disputes to Him which He (S.A.W)
used to solve justly and fairly.

Apostleship
The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) used to worship in a cave in a
mount Hira. It was there that He (S.A.W) received His first
revelation through angel Hazrat Jibreel (A.S). He (S.A.W) soon started
to preach Islam . The people of Makkah turned against Him. He (S.A.W)
faced many hurdles, but did He (S.A.W) did not stop preaching Islam.

Migration
The cruelties of Quraish forced the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to look
for a place outside of Makkah . ALLAH (S.W.T) commanded the Holy

39 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Prophet (S.A.W) to Migrate to Madina. Myriads of people embraced

Islam and soon Madina became the centre of Islam.

Conquest of Makkah
Due to the atrocities of Quraish, the Muslim army led by the
Holy Prophet (S.A.W) conquered Makkah without any war . The Holy
Prophet (S.A.W) forgave all the people of Makkah and People in
enermous numbers were embracing Islam.

Conclusion
After accomplishing his mission, the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) left this
moral world at the age of 63. His (S.A.W) teachings will enlighten the
generation of the world till the day of judgment .

Allama Iqbal

Introduction
Allama Iqbal was born on 9th November 1877. He is our National
poet. He is considered as one of the most important figures in Urdu
literature. He is known as Shair-e-Mashriq which means the poet of the
East.

Education
Allama Iqbal was well educated. He passed matriculation exam in a
local school at Sialkot. He acquired his B.A at government college Lahore
. From Munich University , he completed his Ph.D.

40 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Poetry
Allama Iqbal was a great poet. His works are mainly in Urdu and
Persian . Bang-e-Dara , Bale jabriel, Javid nama and Zarb-e-Kaleem are
some of his famous works. In his poetry, he focused on the Muslim
youth and on the re-awakening of the Muslim ummah.

Politics
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was one of the active leaders of the
Muslim league. He worked for the Muslim cause and raised his voice for
this cause on various platforms. He emphasized on the unity of the
Muslims.
Nation of Pakistan
Allama Iqbal was the first man who proposed the idea of a separate
land for the Muslims. He believed that the Hindus and Muslims were
two different Nations and therefore could not live together . Thus he is
called the dreamer of Pakistan.

Conclusion
This great champion of the muslim cause could not see his dream of
Pakistan coming true because he died on 21st October 1938. He is buried
near Badshahi Masjid.

41 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

My country
Introduction
The term country refers to a part of land with a government and
a considerable Population. My country is Pakistan. It came into being on
14th August 1947.

Provinces
My beloved country Pakistan has four provinces which are Sindh,
Balochistan, Khyber pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Islamabad is the capital city
of Pakistan . It is a beautiful and modern city.

Rivers
Pakistan has various rivers that enhance its beauty and grandeur.
These rivers include Ravi, Chennab, Jhelum , Sutlaj , Kabul and Indus. All
these rivers are vital for the economic growth of the country.

Languages
My country Pakistan is a home of many languages. There are tens
of languages spoken in Pakistan. Among the major languages of Pakistan
are Urdu , Punjabi , Sindhi, Hindko , Kashmiri, saraike and English. Urdu
is the National language of Pakistan .

Culture
Pakistan is home to various cultures that include Sindhi, Pashtoon,
Punjabi and Balochi cultures. The cultural diversity is immensely high.
This diversity makes Pakistan a riot of colors and an interesting country.

42 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Economy
Pakistan is one of the fast developing economies of the world. It is
ranked as 24th in terms of Purchasing power party . The nominal GDP
of Pakistan, according to the year 2019 is 274 billion dollars. Pakistan
is making every effort to be among the great economies of the world in
the near future.

Conclusion
In short, my country Pakistan is blessed with many gifts . I love
my country and my fellow countrymen and hope that we will together
make this country great.

My Hobby

Introduction
Hobby is a task or activity that people usually do in their spare
time in order to escape the daily grind of life and work . I am very fond
of reading and this is my hobby as well.

Reading___A source of knowledge

Reading is the best source of knowledge . Books are the treasures
and bearers of knowledge for centuries. Knowledge is kept and sought in
books. My hobby makes me able to acquire more and more knowledge.

Reading____ means of language acquisition

Reading is an important means of languages acquisition people prefer
and can easily acquire second languages through reading. My hobby has
made me able to acquire English , Urdu and Arabic languages.

43 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Reading____ A source of history and culture

Reading is an important source of history and culture. My hobby
enables me to know more about the history of the world. It has also
enabled me to know about diverse culture that this world hosts.

Reading and Societal forms

Reading plays a very important part in the reforming of society.
In this respect, religious books can be fine examples as they focus on
the morality of man and enforce him to act righteously .

Reading and development

Reading has a lot to do with development. It guides the man
towards progress and development. Today, man has reached a height in
the field of science and technology. This huge progress was not possible
without reading.

Reading A means of success

Reading is vital for successful life. Behind every successful men,
there is the secret of knowledge which is usually acquired from books.

44 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

Quaid-e-Azam

Introduction
Quaid-e-azam Muhammad Ali jinnah was the first governor general
and the founder of Pakistan. He was born on 25th December 1876 at
Karachi.

Education
Quaid-e-azam was among the highly qualified Muslim leaders of his
time. He acquired his early education at sindh Madrasatul Islam for
higher education, he travelled to England and acquired a degree at law.
He returned home as a qualified lawyer.

Political Career
In the beginning of his political career, Quaid-e-azam joined All India
Congress . At this stage he believed in Hindu Muslim unity. He was called
the ambassador of the Hindu-Muslim unity due to his services in this
regard. Later on, he perceived that the congress was only working for
the interests of Hindus. Thus, he left All India Congress and Joined the
Muslim league.

Creation of Pakistan
Due to Quaid`s brave and fearless leadership, the demand of a
separate homeland for the Muslim gained more importance and eventually
on 14th August 1947, the Muslim of the Sub-continent achieved a
separate homeland .

First Governor General of Pakistan

45 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

After the Independence , Quaid became the first Governor General

of Pakistan. He worked hard day and Night for the Progress,
development and well being of the newly established country.

Conclusion
A few months after the independence, Muhammad Ali Jinnah fell
seriously ill . He was sent to Ziarat to rest. He returned to Karachi and
it was 11th September 1948 that this great leader left the immortal
world. He is no longer amongst us , but his memories will remain fresh in
our minds.

46 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

PAIRS OF WORDS

Birth
The birth of Lenin caused communism in Russia.
Berth
I booked a berth on the train.
Beside
The pool is beside the restaurant.
Besides
Besides a doctor, he is a good human as well.
Bay
They are going to visit the bay tomorrow.
Bye
I baded good bye to my friends at the airport.
Cold:
The weather is very cold in Murree.
Cool:
Cool wind is blowing in the mountains.
Cattle:
My friend has a cattle farm.
Kettle:
The water is boiling in the kettle.
Canon:
I cannot go against the cannons of the area.
Cannons:
The booming of the cannons is everywhere during the war.
Cell
The culprit was thrown into a dark cell.
Sell

47 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

He sells fruits and vegetables in his shop.

Check
Security is tight as the police men are checking every car.
Cheque
He was issued a cheque by his boss.
Site
The site for the construction of the hospital has been chosen.
Cite
He often cites Iqbal in his speeches.
Fair
To cheat others is not a fair thing to do.
Fare
Transport fares rocketed last month.
Fat
I do not like fat people.
Fate
I do believe in fate.
Floor
The glass broke after falling on the floor.
Flour
The price of the flour are high these days.
Goal:
My primary goal is to become a good human .
Gaol:
The prisoners escaped from the gaol.
Hair:
The child with the black hair is a prodigy.
Hare:

48 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

They are hunting for hares.

Heel:
Women like to wear high heels.
Heal:
He got medicines for healing the wounds.
Human :
Humans are blessed with diverse languages.
Humane:
To hate others is not humane.
Ideal:
The Holy prophet (S.A.W) is my ideal personality.
Idle:
His notebook is incomplete because he is an idle student.
Lawyer:
I have hired a very experienced lawyer for my case.
Liar:
Do not believe liars.
Search for:
The police are searching for the robbers.
Stand by:
I always stand by my friends in the hour of need.
Take over:
The conquerors took over the country.

49 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

PHRASES

Carry on
Please carry on your work.
Come out
My new book will come out next month.
Cut down
The manager cut down the list of his employees.
Carry on:
The boss told us to carry on our work.
Carry out:
We should carry out the new plan of the school.
Come out:
My new book will come out next month.
Get up
He gets up at 7 : 00 every day.
Give away
We should give away money to the needy people.
Give to
My friends gave to drugs when he was fifteen.
Need for
I need for your help .
Pray for
Please pray for me.
Put on
We need to put on clean clothes.
Run out:
He ran out of money because of gambling.
See off:

50 | P a g e
 https://web.facebook.com/TehkalsDotCom https://tehkals.com/

He went to the airport to see off his friends.

Set out:
We set out on foot towards the stadium.

51 | P a g e