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The History of User Experience: Citation Needed

The History of User Experience document traces the early developments in user experience back to the 19th century Machine Age, where Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford explored ways to increase worker efficiency. The term "user experience" was brought to wider usage by Donald Norman in the 1990s to encompass both usability and affective factors. Recent advances in technology expanded the scope of user experience to include feelings, motivations, and values. User experience aims to make systems easy to use, valuable, and effective for users by considering the interests of stakeholders like marketing and usability.

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83 views1 page

The History of User Experience: Citation Needed

The History of User Experience document traces the early developments in user experience back to the 19th century Machine Age, where Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford explored ways to increase worker efficiency. The term "user experience" was brought to wider usage by Donald Norman in the 1990s to encompass both usability and affective factors. Recent advances in technology expanded the scope of user experience to include feelings, motivations, and values. User experience aims to make systems easy to use, valuable, and effective for users by considering the interests of stakeholders like marketing and usability.

Uploaded by

Alex M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The History of User Experience

Early developments in user experience can be traced back to the Machine Age that includes the
19th and early 20th centuries. Inspired by the machine age intellectual framework, a quest for
improving assembly processes to increase production efficiency and output led to the
development of major technological advancements, such as mass production of high-volume
goods on moving assembly lines, high-speed printing press, large hydroelectric power production
plants, and radio technology to name a few.
Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henry Ford were in the forefront of exploring new ways to make
human labor more efficient and productive. Taylor's pioneering research into the efficiency of
interactions between workers and their tools is the earliest example that resembles today's user
experience fundamentals.[citation needed]
The term user experience was brought to wider knowledge by Donald Norman in the mid-1990s.
[5]
 He never intended the term "user experience" to be applied only to the affective aspects of
usage. A review of his earlier work[6] suggests that the term "user experience" was used to signal
a shift to include affective factors, along with the pre-requisite behavioral concerns, which had
been traditionally considered in the field. Many usability practitioners continue to research and
attend to affective factors associated with end-users, and have been doing so for years, long
before the term "user experience" was introduced in the mid-1990s. [citation needed] In an interview in
2007, Norman discusses the widespread use of the term "user experience" and its imprecise
meaning as a consequence thereof. [7]
Several developments affected the rise of interest in the user experience

1. Recent advances in mobile, ubiquitous, social, and tangible computing


technologies have moved human-computer interaction into practically all areas of
human activity. This has led to a shift away from usability engineering to a much
richer scope of user experience, where users' feelings, motivations, and values
are given as much, if not more, attention than efficiency, effectiveness and basic
subjective satisfaction (i.e. the three traditional usability metrics.)[8][9]
2. In website design, it was important to combine the interests of different
stakeholders: marketing, branding, visual design, and usability. Marketing and
branding people needed to enter the interactive world where usability was
important. Usability people needed to take marketing, branding, and aesthetic
needs into account when designing websites. User experience provided a
platform to cover the interests of all stakeholders: making web sites easy to use,
valuable, and effective for visitors. This is why several early user experience
publications focus on website user experience. [10][11][12][13]
The field of user experience represents an expansion and extension of the field of usability, to
include the holistic perspective of how a person feels about using a system. The focus is on
pleasure and value as well as on performance. The exact definition, framework, and elements of
user experience are still evolving.
User experience of an interactive product or a website is usually measured by a number of
methods, including questionnaires, focus groups, observed usability tests and other methods. A
freely available questionnaire (available in several languages) is the User Experience
Questionnaire (UEQ).[14] The development and validation of this questionnaire is described in a
computer science essay published in 2008.[15]
Higher levels of user experience have been linked to increased effectiveness of digital health
interventions targeting improvements in physical activity,[16] nutrition, mental health and smoking. [17]
Google Ngram Viewer shows wide use of the term starting in the 1930s., [18] "He suggested that
more follow-up in the field would be welcomed by the user, and would be a means of
incorporating the results of user's experience into the design of new machines." Use of the term
in relation to computer software also pre-dates Norman.[19]

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