MwNHS-ALS Reviewer

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INTEGERS

What Is This Module About?

We deal with numbers almost every day. We deal with numbers when we shop,
transact business or make measurements. Even the simplest people deal with numbers
every day.
You must have learned about whole numbers and fractions. In this module, we will
discuss about whole numbers with positive (+) and negative (–) signs. Whole numbers
consist of 0 and the set of counting or natural numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 . .
. ). When you place a positive (+) or a negative (–) sign before the counting numbers,
these numbers become positive or negative integers. The set of integers consist of the
set of positive and negative numbers including 0. In this module, you will also learn
how to perform arithmetic operations, like addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication of integers.
This module is divided into four lessons:
Lesson 1 – Plus or Minus
Lesson 2 – Addition and Subtraction of Integers
Lesson 3 – Multiplication and Division of Integers
Lesson 4 – Working with Integers

What Will You Learn From This Module?

After studying this module, you should be able to:

♦ differentiate between positive and negative integers;

♦ arrange positive and negative integers in ascending (from smallest to largest)

and descending (from largest to smallest) orders;

♦ demonstrate accuracy in adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing integers;

and

♦ solve word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

of integers.

Let’s See What You Already Know

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Before you start reading this module, answer the questions below. This will give
you an idea of how much you know about the topics we will discuss.
A. Identify whether each of the following represents a positive or a negative
integer.
1. 1°C below 0
2. 15% increase in grade
3. 10000 ft. above sea level
4. P100 profit
5. P15.00 discount
B. Arrange the following integers in ascending order.
1. –6, –4, –1, 0, –3
2. +1, +6, +8, +3, +5
3. +4, +3, –10, –11, +1
4. –8, 8, –5 , –6, 4
5. +9, –10, +6, –3, –2
C. Arrange the following integers in descending order.
1. +8, –4, –6, –2, +3
2. +10, –11, –13, +8, +9
3. –15, +5, +8, –11, –10
4. +6, +9, –14, –12, +1
5. –10, +3, –4, +4, –3

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E.Solve the following problems.

1. Mang Juan deposits P1000.00 in a rural bank every month. Find the total
amount of his deposits in a year.Enrico, a mountain climber, is 45 meters
(m) away from the top of a mountain. Melvin is 15 m below him. The
mountain is 75 m high. How many meters away is Melvin from the base
of the mountain?

2. The total number of enrollees in NFE classes in the district of Concepcion

is 1495. Five years ago the total number of enrollees was 1215. How
much was the increase in the number of enrollees in five years?

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If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you already know
much about the topic. You may still study the module to review what you already
know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module is for you. It
will help you understand important concepts that you can apply in your daily life. If
you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers to all the items in the test
and a lot more! Are you ready?
You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson 1.

LESSON 1

Plus or Minus
Welcome to Lesson 1.
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

♦ differentiate between positive and negative integers; and

♦ arrange positive and negative integers in ascending or descending order.

Are you ready?

A farmer tilling land

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The farmer deposits his earnings regularly.

Let’s Read
Mang Fred is a poor man. But through hard work and diligence, he was able to
save P 35000 in the bank. He bought a piece of land for P 30000. He used the remaining
P 5000 to buy fertilizers, pesticides and other materials. He usually earns P 8000 every
harvest time. For five consecutive years, he has had the biggest harvest in their
barangay. He was given the “Most Outstanding Farmer” award. His colleagues were
happy for him but they were also sorry for themselves because they suffered losses
almost every year. They have had to resort to loans to finance their farming and family
expenses.

Let’s Think About This

Would you like to be a farmer like Mang Fred in the future? Why/Why not?
_________________________________________________________________
If you were in his place, what would you do to help your colleagues become
successful too?
_________________________________________________________________
What should they do in order to have a bountiful harvest every year and need not
resort to loans for their family and farming expenses?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
In practical terms, the positive aspects or happenings in our daily life include
among others, the gains in business endeavors and the awards or merits we receive.

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The negative aspects include, among others, the failures we encounter in life, the
losses we suffer in business and the demerits we receive.
In the story of Mang Fred, which can be considered as the positive aspects?
There are terms or words that connote positive or negative aspects. Examples of
these are:
Negative Positive
down up
decrease increase
below above
withdrawal deposit
backward forward
lower raise

Let’s Try This

Identify whether each is positive or negative.
1. P 500 deposit _____________________
2. 850 m above sea level _____________________
3. two hours late _____________________
4. 15°C rise in temperature _____________________
5. 10% increase in tuition _____________________
6. P 250 withdrawal _____________________
7. P 100 savings _____________________
8. 1500 m below sea level _____________________
9. 15 inches below the top _____________________
10. P 100 interest _____________________
Compare your answers with those given in the Answer Key on page 40.

Let’s Learn
Integers can be shown on a number line. This number line may be drawn
horizontally and vertically.

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+5
–5–4–3–2–1 0+1+2+3+4+5 +4
Horizontal number line
+3
+2
+1
0
–1
–2
–3
–4
Vertical number line
–5

The number line shows that all numbers to the right of zero in the horizontal
number line or above zero in the vertical number line are positive numbers. All numbers
to the left of zero or below zero are negative numbers. Zero is neither positive nor
negative. The numbers to the right of zero are greater than the numbers to the left of
zero. Zero is also greater than any negative number. So, integers become higher in
value as you move to the right or upward on the number line. They become lower in
value as you move to the left or downward on the number line.
What do we call the numbers to the right of or above zero on the number line?
______________________________________________________________
What about the numbers to the left of or below zero on the number line?
______________________________________________________________
Do they have the same value? Is +3 equal to –3 and –10 equal to +10? Why?
______________________________________________________________

Is zero a positive or a negative number?

Which is greater?
a. 0 or – 8 _________
b. 0 or –10 _________
c. 0 or +6 _________
d. 0 or –15 _________
Compare your answers with mine.

♦ The numbers to the right of 0 on the number line are called positive integers.

♦ The numbers to the left of 0 on the number line are called negative integers.

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♦ No. Positive integers are greater than negative integers. So, +3 is greater than
–3 and +10 is greater than –10. This is because an integer is higher in value
the farther it is to the right on the number line and it is lower in value the
farther it is to the left on the number line.

♦ Zero is neither positive nor negative.

♦ a. 0 b. 0

c. +6
d. 0

Let’s Review
Write the integer which has a lower value in the first column and the one with a
higher value in the second column. The first one has already been done for you.
1. +3 and –6 –6 +3

2. –8 and +4
3. –1 and –10
4. +8 and –15
5. +6 and –4
6. +9 and –12
7. –25 and +5
8. –18 and 0
9. +11 and –24
10. +14 and +30

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 40.

Let’s Learn
Points that are equally distant from 0 but are located on opposite sides of it, such
as +1 and –1, +2 and –2, +3 and –3, +4 and –4 and so on are called opposites. That is,
+1 is the opposite of –1, +2 is the opposite of –2, +3 is the opposite of –3, +4 is the
opposite of –4 and so on.

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Let’s Try This

Identify the opposite of each given integer.
1. +3 _____________________
2. –9 _____________________
3. +14 _____________________
4. –10 _____________________
5. +4 _____________________
6. –18 _____________________
7. +25 _____________________
8. –13 _____________________
9. +84 _____________________
10. –105 _____________________
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 40.

Let’s See What You Have Learned

Arrange the following integers in the order indicated.
A. In ascending order
1. –12, +4, –13, +8 __________________________
2. +12, +9, –15, –10 __________________________
3. –8, +3, –20, –14 __________________________
4. +6, +9, –11, –25 __________________________
5. –18, –7, +12, +5 __________________________

B. In descending order
1. 0, +4, – 20, +6 __________________________
2. +15, –9, –26, +8 __________________________
3. –16, –8, +20, +3 __________________________
4. – 4, +15, +6, –22 __________________________

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5. +6, 0, +12, –23 __________________________

C. Give the opposite of each of the following.
1. decrease of P 100 __________________________
2. three floors up __________________________
3. lost by 20 points __________________________
4. 150 m above sea level __________________________
5. 20% profit __________________________
6. +16 __________________________
7. –35 __________________________
8. +98 __________________________
9. –28 __________________________
10. +105 __________________________
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 41. Did you get all
the answers right? If you did, that’s very good. If you did not, go back to the parts of
the lesson you did not understand very well and answer the activity again before
proceeding to the next lesson.

Let’s Remember
♦ A number line is a horizontal or vertical line where all integers are plotted.

♦ Zero is called the origin on a number line.

♦ All the numbers to the right of 0 on a horizontal line and above 0 on a vertical
line are called positive integers. They are all greater than 0 and all the
negative integers. Their values increase the farther they are to the right on a
horizontal number line or the higher they are on a vertical number line.
♦ All the numbers to the left of 0 or below 0 are called negative integers. They
are all less than 0 and all the positive integers. Their values decrease the
farther they are to the left on a horizontal number line or the lower they are
on a vertical number line.

♦ Points that are equally distant from 0 but are located on opposite sides of it are
called opposites.

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LESSON 2

Addition and Subtraction of Integers

In Lesson 1, you learned about positive and negative integers. You also learned
that the value of an integer increases the farther it is to the right of or above 0. It also
decreases the farther it is to the left of or below 0. In this lesson, you will learn how
to add and subtract integers.
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

♦ follow the steps in adding and subtracting integers with like and unlike signs;

♦ add and subtract integers with accuracy; and

♦ apply your knowledge of adding and subtracting integers in solving daily life
problems.

Let’s Think About This

Consider a series of games, each game consisting of two rounds, which Joy played
on a machine. Here is a record of her point scores:
Game Points Each Round Net Score
1 Round 1: Won 3 points (+3) + (+5) = +8

Round 2: Won 5 points

2 Round 1: Won 7 points (+7) + (–4) = +3

Round 2: Lost 4 points

3 Round 1: Lost 6 points (–6) + (+3) = –3

Round 2: Won 3 points

4 Round 1: Lost 5 points (–5) + (–4) = –9

Round 2: Lost 4 points

5 Round 1: Broke even 0 + (+3) = +3

Round 2: Won 3 points

6 Round 1: Lost 4 points (–4) + 0 = –4
Round 2: Broke even

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So, how do you add integers with like signs? How about integers with unlike signs?
Read the following to learn more about this.

Let’s Learn
Let us illustrate how to add positive numbers using the number line.
Refer to Game 1. Let us add (+3) and (+5) (read as “positive 3 plus positive 5”).
Using the number line below, start with 0, move 3 units to the right to indicate +3.
Then starting from +3, move 5 more units to the right to add +5. You then
stopped at +8. So, from the number line, we can see that if we add +3 and +5, we get
+8.

–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9

Let’s have another example. Let us add (–4) and (–2) (read as “negative 4 plus
negative 2”).
Again, using the number line below, we start from 0 and move 4 units to the left
to indicate –4. Then from –4, we count 2 units to the left again to add –2 and we get
–6.

–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9

From this we have come up with the following rule in adding two numbers with
the same sign:

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Let’s Remember
To add positive and negative numbers, apply:
Rule 1: To add two numbers having the same sign, find the sum of
their absolute values and prefix to the sum the common sign.
Follow these steps:
STEP 1 Get the absolute values of the signed numbers.
STEP 2 Add the absolute values.
STEP 3 Prefix the common sign.
Rule 2: To add two numbers with unlike signs, find the difference of
their absolute values and prefix to the difference the sign of the
addend with the greater absolute value.
Follow these steps:
STEP 1 Get the absolute values of the signed numbers. STEP 2

Find the difference of their absolute values.

STEP 3 Prefix to the difference the sign of the addend with the
greater absolute value.

Let’s Review
Add the following integers.
1. (–3) + (–5) = _______________________
2. (+6) + (–12) = _______________________
3. (–9) + (+4) = _______________________
4. (+8) + (–10) = _______________________
5. (–15) + (+7) = _______________________
6. (–12) + (–16) = _______________________
7. (–14) + (–7) = _______________________
8. (+10) + (+15) = _______________________
9. (+19) + (+ 4) = _______________________
10. (–15) + (–12) = _______________________

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You are now ready to do subtraction of integers.

In subtracting integers, we follow this rule:
Change the sign of the subtrahend, then proceed as in addition of integers
using Rule 1 or Rule 2, where applicable.
Let us apply the rule in the following example:
EXAMPLE 1 (+8) – (+5) = ____________

Let’s do it step by step:

STEP 1 Change the sign of the subtrahend.

In the example, the subtrahend is +5.

So, we change its sign from positive to negative, thus it
becomes –5.
STEP 2
Proceed as in addition.
(+8) + (–5)
STEP 3 Recall Rule 2 in addition of integers which says, “To add two
numbers with unlike signs, find the difference of their absolute
values and prefix to the difference the sign of the addend with the
greater absolute value.”
So in this step, we get the absolute values of the signed numbers:

+8=8 −5=5
STEP 4 Find the difference of their absolute values.
8–5=3
STEP 5 Prefix to the difference the sign of the addend with the
greater absolute value:
+8 –5 = +3
↑↑ ↑
addend with the greater value sign of the
addend with the greater value
So, (+8) – (+5) = +3.
Here’s another example:
EXAMPLE 2 (–7) – (–4) = ____________

Let’s do it step by step again.

STEP 1 Change the sign of the subtrahend, then proceed as in

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addition.
(–7) + (+4) =
↑ ↑ sign changed from negative to positive
addition process
STEP 2 Get the absolute values of the signed numbers.

−7 =7 +4=4

STEP 3 Find the difference of the absolute values.

7–4=3
STEP 4 Prefix to the difference the sign of the addend with the greater
absolute values.
–7 + 4 = –3
↑ ↑ sign of the addend with the greater absolute value

So, (–7) – (–4) = –3.

Let’s have another example.

EXAMPLE 3 (+9) – (–2) = ____________
STEP 1
Change the sign of the subtrahend, then proceed as
in addition.
(+9) + (+2) =
STEP 2 Get the absolute values of the signed numbers.
+9 = 9

+2 = 2
STEP 3 In this case, we will apply Rule 1 which says, “To add two numbers
having the same sign, find the sum of their absolute values and
prefix to the sum the common sign.”
9 + 2 = +11
So, (+9) – (–2) = +11.
Let’s have some more practice.
Try doing the following exercises:
1. (–2) – (–12) = _____________
2. (–9) – (+25) = _____________

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3. (+35) – (–15) = _____________

4. (–28) – (+8) = _____________
5. (+6) – (+10) = _____________
Check your answers with my answers below:
1. (–2)–(–12)=+10
2. (–9)– (+25) =(–9) +(–25) =–34
3. (+35) – (–15) =(+35) +(+15) =+50
4. (–28) – (+8) =(–28) +(–8) =–36
5. (+6)–(+10)=(+6)+(–10) =–4
Did you get all the answers right? If you did, congratulations!

Let’s Remember
To subtract signed numbers, we follow these steps:
STEP 1 Change the sign of the subtrahend, then proceed as in addition of signed
numbers.
STEP 2 If the numbers have the same sign, find the sum of their absolute values and
prefix to the sum the common sign.
If the two numbers have unlike or different signs, find the difference of
their absolute values and prefix to the difference the sign of the addend
with the greater absolute value.

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Let’s See What You Have Learned

Perform the indicated operations.

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LESSON 3

Multiplication and Division of Integers

You have learned how to add and subtract positive and negative integers in Lesson
2. Now, you will learn how to multiply and divide positive and negative integers.

Let’s Study and Analyze

An NFE facilitator is planning to organize NFE classes in all the barangays of
General Tinio. She’s planning to organize two classes each in all the nine barangays.
How many classes does she have to organize?

9 × 2 = 18

18 classes shall have to be organized in all the nine barangays of General Tinio.

Using these numbers for our examples, let’s multiply step by step.
(+9) × (+2) = _____________

(–9) × (–2) = _____________

STEP 1 Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier.
9 × 2 = 18
STEP 2 Prefix the positive sign if the integers have the same sign.
(+9) × (+2) = +18
(–9) × (–2) = + 18
So, positive × positive = positive negative ×
negative = positive
Let’s have some more examples.
(+6) × (+5) =
(–6) × (–5) =
My work:
STEP 1 6 × 5 = 30
STEP 2 (+6) × (+5) = +30
(–6) × (–5) = +30

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Your work:
Multiply the following. Follow the steps.
(+3) × (+8) = _____________
(–3) × (–8) = _____________

STEP 1 3×8=

STEP 2 (+3) × (+8) =

(–3) × (– 8) =

Let’s Review
Multiply the following. Follow the steps.
1. (–4) × (–9) =
2. (+6) × (+5) =
3. (–7) × (–4) =
4. (–9) × (–6) =
5. (+8) × (+5) =
Compare your answers with those given in the Answer Key on page 42.

Let’s Remember
To multiply integers with the same sign, we follow these steps:
1. Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier.
2. Prefix the positive sign.
Now, let’s multiply integers with different signs. Study
these examples:
(+5) × (– 4) = –20
(– 5) × (+4) = –20
Let’s do it step by step.
(+5) × (–4) = _____________

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(–5) × (+4) = _____________

STEP 1 Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier.

5 × 4 = 20
STEP 2 Prefix the negative sign if the integers have different signs.
(+5) × (–4) = –20

(–5) × (+4) = –20

So, positive × negative = negative negative

× positive = negative

Very easy, isn’t it? Let’s have some more examples.

My work:
(–7) × (+4) =
(+7) × (–4) =
STEP 1 7 × 4 = 28
STEP 2 (–7) × (+4) = –28
(+7) × (–4) = –28
Your work:
Multiply the following. Show the steps.
(+3) × (–9) =
(–3) × (+9) = STEP 1

3×9=

STEP 2 (+3) × (–9) =

(–3) × (+9) =

Let’s Try This

Multiply the following. Follow the steps indicated earlier.
1. (–5) × (+6) =
2. (+8) × (–4) =

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3. (+6) × (–6) =
4. (–7) × (+3) =
5. (+4) × (–9) =
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 42.

Let’s Remember
To multiply integers with different signs, we follow these
steps:
1. Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier.
2. Prefix the negative sign.

Let’s Review
Multiply the following. Follow the steps. Write your answers inside the boxes.

1. (–8) × (+5) =

2. (+17) × (+3) =

3. (–20) × (–5) =

4. (+25) × (–5) =

5. (–10) × (+6) =
6. 64 7. –18 8. –15
× (–4) ×(+9) ×(–4)

9. –56 10. –96

×(–3) ×(–2)

The Answer Key is on pages 42 and 43.

Did you get all of them right? Very good! If not, check your computations.

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Let’s Remember
To multiply integers, we follow these steps:
1. Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier.
2. Prefix the positive sign if the integers have the same sign.
Prefix the negative sign if the integers have different signs.
Division of Integers

Division is the inverse or opposite of multiplication. We shall now study how to

divide positive and negative integers.
Here are some examples:
(–8) ÷ (–2) = _____________
(+8) ÷ (+2) = _____________
Let’s divide step by step.
STEP 1 Divide the dividend by the divisor.

8÷2=4
STEP 2 Prefix the positive sign if the integers have the same sign.
(–8) ÷ (–2) = +4
(+8) ÷ (+ 2) = +4
So, positive ÷ positive = positive negative ÷
negative = positive
Let’s have other examples.
(+12) ÷ (+4) = _____________
(–12) ÷ (–4) = _____________
My work:
STEP 1 12 ÷ 4 = 3
STEP 2 (+12) ÷ (+4) = +3
(–12) ÷ (–4) = +3
Your work:
Divide the following. Follow the steps.
(–16) ÷ (–8) = _____________

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(+16) ÷ (+8) = _____________

STEP 1 16 ÷ 8 =

STEP 2 (–16) ÷ (– 8) =

(+16) ÷ (+8) =

Let’s Review
Divide the following. Follow the steps.

1. (–16) ÷ (– 4) =

2. (+27) ÷ (+9) =

3. (–32) ÷ (–8) =

4. (+18) ÷ (+6) =

5. (–40) ÷ (–5) =

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 43.

Let’s Remember
To divide integers with the same sign, we follow these
steps:
1. Divide the dividend by the divisor.
2. Prefix the positive sign.
Let’s divide integers with different signs.
Here are some examples:
(+18) ÷ (–3) =
(–18) ÷ (+3) =
Let’s divide step by step.

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STEP 1 Divide the dividend by the divisor.

18 ÷ 3 = 6
STEP 2 Prefix the negative sign if the integers have different signs.
(+18) ÷ (–3) = –6
(–18) ÷ (+3) = –6
So, positive ÷ negative = negative negative ÷

positive = negative Got it? Let’s proceed. Let’s have

some other examples.

My work:
(–24) ÷ (+8) = _____________
(+24) ÷ (–8) = _____________
STEP 1 24 ÷ 8 = 3
STEP 2 (–24) ÷ (+8) = –3
(+24) ÷ (–8) = – 3
Your work:

Divide the following. Follow the steps.

(+32) ÷ (–4) = _____________

(–32) ÷ (+4) = _____________

STEP 1 32 ÷ 4 =

STEP 2 (+32) ÷ (–4) =

(–32) ÷ (+4) =

Let’s Try This

Divide the following. Follow the steps.
1. (–18) ÷ (+9) =

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2. (+25) ÷ (–5) =
3. (–36) ÷ (+4) =
4. (–63) ÷ (+7) =
5. (+54) ÷ (–9) =
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 43.

Are all your answers correct? If so, very good! If you missed some, check your
computations.

Let’s Remember
To divide integers with different signs, we follow these
steps:
1. Divide the dividend by the divisor.
2. Prefix the negative sign to the answer.

Let’s Review
Divide the following. Follow the steps. Write your answers inside the box.
1. ( –14) ÷ (–7) =

2. (+15) ÷ (–3) =

3. (+25) ÷ (+5) =

4. (+35) ÷ (–7) =

5. (+42) ÷ (–6) =

6. –9–18 7. +8+56

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–5+45

–8+64
8.

9.

10. +6 +48

Got all of them right? Very good!

If you missed some items, just refer to the Answer Key on page 44.
I’m very sure the next lesson would be much easier for you.

Let’s Remember
To divide integers, we follow these steps:
1. Divide the dividend by the divisor.
2. Prefix the positive sign if the integers have the same sign.
3. Prefix the negative sign if the integers have different
signs.

Let’s See What You Have Learned

Perform the indicated operations.
1. (+3) ×(–15) = ________________

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2. (+48) ÷(+12) = ________________

3. (–25) ×(–2) = ________________
4. (–36) ÷(+4) = ________________
5. (+8) ×(+13) = ________________
6. (–105) ÷ (–5) = ________________
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 44.

LESSON 4

Working With Integers

You have learned how to add, subtract, multiply and divide integers. With the
knowledge you acquired, I’m very sure this lesson will be very easy for you.

This lesson will show you step by step how to solve word problems involving
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers.

Read on to find out more.

Let’s Read
Mrs. Cruz stays on the ninth floor of the Silangan Hotel. She visited a friend and
so she went six floors down. On what floor is she now?

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Analyze the problem or situation and answer the following questions.

1. Where does Mrs.Cruz stay?___________________________ On
what floor?_____________________________
2. Why did she go down from her room?___________________ By
how many floors?________________________________
On what floor is her friend staying?______________________
3. On what floor is Mrs. Cruz now?_______________________
Compare your answers with mine. Determine how close your answers are to my
answers.

♦ Mrs. Cruz stays on the ninth floor of the Silangan Hotel.

♦ She visited a friend so she went six floors down from her room. So, from the
ninth floor, she went six floors down.

To know where her friend is staying we shall use the process of addition.

+9 + (–6) = 3

Her friend is staying on the third floor. Why?

In adding integers with unlike signs, we subtract the smaller number from the
bigger number and prefix the sign of the number with greater value. The
bigger number is 9, it has a + sign. The answer is +3 or 3.

♦ Mrs. Cruz is now on the third floor where her friend whom she visited is staying.
Did you get the right answers? If yes, very good! If not, don’t worry. I’ll show you
how to solve word problems. Don’t forget the different rules to follow in adding,
subtracting, multiplying and dividing positive and negative integers with like and unlike
signs.
So, if we will solve this problem step by step, it will be like this.
STEP 1 Find out the given facts.

The given facts:

Mrs. Cruz stays on the 9th floor.
She went 6 floors down.
STEP 2
Find what is asked in the problem.
On what floor is Mrs. Cruz now?

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STEP 3
Determine the operation to be used.
Process to be used: Addition
STEP 4 Write down the number sentence.
+9 + (–6) = _____________
STEP 5 Solve the problem.
9
+ –6

The answer is 3.
Mrs. Cruz is on the 3rd floor now.
Did you have an easy time following the steps? I’m sure you did.
Let’s have another example.
My work:
Nida’s garment factory produces 350 T-shirts every day. It is closed on Saturdays
and Sundays. How many T-shirts does it produce in one week?
STEP 1 Given facts:

Nida’s garment factory produces 350 T-shirts every

day.
The factory is closed on Saturdays and Sundays.
STEP 2
Question asked:
How many T-shirts does it produce in one week?
STEP 3
Process to be used:
Multiplication
STEP 4
Number sentence:
350 × 5 = _____________
STEP 5 Solve:
350 × 5 = 1750
The answer is 1750.
1750 T-shirts are produced in one week, excluding Saturday
and Sunday.

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Let’s Solve
A helicopter is 2500 meters above sea level. Directly below it is a submarine 1850
meters below sea level. How far is the helicopter from the submarine?
STEP 1 Given facts:
A helicopter is 2500 meters above sea level.
A submarine is 1850 meters below sea level.
STEP 2 Question asked:
How far is the helicopter from the
submarine?
STEP 3
Process to be used:
Subtraction
STEP 4
Number sentence:
+2500 meters – (–1850) = _____________
STEP 5 Solve:
+2500 meters
+ (+1850) meters
4350 meters

The answer is 4350 meters.

The helicopter is 4350 meters away from the submarine.

Let’s Remember
In solving word problems, follow these steps:
1. Find out the given facts.
2. Find out what is asked in the
problem.
3. Determine the operation to be used.
4. Write down the number sentence.
5. Solve the problem.

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Let’s See What You Have Learned

Solve the following problems. Follow the steps in solving problems.

1. The water tank of Mang Peter was full with 10000 liters of water on Monday
morning. He used 1500 liters that day. How much water was left on Tuesday?

2. From his home, Arnel drove 15 kilometers to the east then 12 kilometers to
the south to arrive at his uncle’s house. How far is Arnel’s house from his
uncle’s?

3. Anita, a telephone operator, receives 45 calls every working day. How many
calls does she receive in a 6-working day week?

4. A waiter has to cut 5 cakes into equal slices to serve 60 persons. Into how
many slices should he cut each cake?
5. The temperature in Manila is 32°C while the temperature in Baguio is 18°C.
What is the drop or rise in temperature if you travel from:
a. Manila to Baguio?

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b. Baguio to Manila?

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 44 and 45.

Let’s Sum Up
In this module you learned the following:

♦ All positive integers and zero are greater than any negative integer.

♦ To add integers with the same sign, we add the addends and prefix the common
sign.
Examples: +2 –2
+ (+4) + (–5)

+6 –7
♦ To add numbers with unlike signs, we subtract the smaller number from the
bigger number and we prefix the sign of the bigger number to the answer or
sum.
Examples: +3 +7
+ (–8) + (–5)

–5 +2
♦ In subtracting integers, we follow these steps:

1. Change the sign of the subtrahend.

2. Proceed as in addition.
3. Prefix to the answer or difference the sign of the greater number if they
have different signs.
Prefix to the answer or difference the common sign if they have the same
sign.

♦ To multiply integers with the same sign, multiply the multiplicand with the
multiplier and prefix the positive sign to the product.

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♦ To multiply integers with different or unlike signs multiply the multiplicand with
the multiplier and prefix the negative sign to the product.

♦ To divide integers with the same sign, divide the dividend by the divisor and
prefix the positive sign to the quotient.

♦ To divide integers with different signs, divide the dividend by the divisor and
prefix the negative sign to the quotient.

What Have You Learned?

A. Identify whether the following integers are arranged in their ascending or
descending order. 1. 1, 5, 7, 9, 10
2. 7, 5, 3, 0, –1
3. –2, –4, –5, –6, –7
4. –1, 0, 4, 5, 8
5. 9, 5, 4, 0, –2
B. Perform the indicated operations.
1. (+18) + (+18) =
2. (+75) – (+25) =

3. +15 4. +20
– (–13) – (+35)

5. (+6) × (–3) =

6. (+28) ÷ (–2) =

7. (+75) – (–50) =
8. (+20) + (+10) + (+5) =

9. (+45) ÷ (–9) =

10. (+10) × (–3) =

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C. Solve the following problems:

1. In a fire station in the municipality of San Juan, there are only 50 fire
extinguishers available. Since there are 90 firemen now employed in the
station, how many fire extinguishers more are needed so that each fireman
will have one fire extinguisher?

2. A cattle owner has 150 heads of cattle in his ranch. He decided to sell 65
heads of cattle to a meat dealer. How many heads of cattle are left?

3. Ditas originally has P 10000.00 in her savings account. She withdrew the
following amounts in 3 days: day 1— P 2000.00; day 2 — P 5000.00; day
3 — P 1650.00. How much money was left in Dita’s savings account?

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