Does weather affect plant growth?

It sure Adapted from

does! It’s easy to tell when a plant has been https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plan
nipped by frost, but high temperatures can t-problems/environmental/temperature-
be every bit as harmful. However, there is a on-plants.html
considerable disparity when it comes to
temperature stress in plants. Some plants What likely motivates the author in writing
wilt when the mercury begins to climb, the passage?
while others are at their best in extremes
that would leave weaker plants.
A. People have enough awareness to
High temperatures affect plant growth in several factors contributing to plants
numerous ways. The most obvious are the growth
effects of heat on photosynthesis, in which B. There is adequate information about
plants use carbon dioxide to produce factors contributing to plants growth
oxygen, and respiration, an opposite
C. Not many people have information about
process in which plants use oxygen to
several plants which bloom in summer
produce carbon dioxide. Experts at
D. There is a misconception about the
Colorado State University Extension explain
that both processes increase when effects of temperature to plants
temperatures rise. However, when E. Not many people know that temperature
temperatures reach uncomfortably high has a significant role to plants growth
limits (which depends on the plant), the two
processes become unbalanced. The effect
of temperature on plants vary widely and is
influenced by factors such as exposure to
sunlight, moisture drainage, elevation,
difference between day and night
temperatures, and proximity to surrounding
rock structure (thermal heat mass).

When high temperatures recur year after

year, plants can develop a heat stress
memory (thermo-priming), that, when
triggered, sets them up to minimize
temperature damage (thermotolerance).
They can also adapt their leaves and other
structures to better deal with heat. Some
heat acclimation mechanisms include a
changed leaf orientation, rolled leaves or
small hairs that shade the leaf surface; all of
which reduce sun exposure and heat
absorption. Or, leaves might be covered
with a thick waxy cuticle that keeps water
in.
 more details of famous scientists.
E. To suggest that textbooks of science put
stress on great scientists’ struggles.

In addition to being pleasant and reducing

thirst, drinking tea turns out to be also
beneficial for health. Some research results
show that drinking tea is beneficial for
health if the amount of tea consumed is not
excessive.

Female First writes that a new study in the

United Kingdom shows that drinking tea
regularly can help reduce the risk of
developing breast cancer. To analyze the
relationship between tea consumption and
the reduced the risk of breast cancer,
researchers conducted 39 studies of the
benefits of tea consumption in 13,204
breast cancer patients. Based on the results
of these studies, antioxidant properties in
tea can help reduce the risk of breast
cancer. Taking tea regularly causes a 21%
reduction in breast cancer risk. According to
a female health specialist, Dr. Catherine
Hood from “The Tea Advisory Panel (TAP)”
to Female First, this finding is related to the
level of polyphenols in tea. Tea is rich in
polyphenols, including catechins and
gallocatchins, which have been known to
function as antioxidants and to have anti-
tumor effects.
Why does the author mention “science
textbooks should highlight the struggles of The latest research conducted Dr. Tim Bond
great scientists...” in the last paragraph? from The Tea Advisory Panel (TAP) shows
A. To ensure that great scientists could that consuming black tea lowers
overcome their challenges through cardiovascular risks. Flavonoid in tea helps
struggling. improve blood vessel functions. In this
B. To inform that the writers of science study, 20 healthy people consumed tea
textbooks should put great scientist’ three times a day for one week. The results
struggle.
show that the blood vessel function of
C. To emphasize that science textbooks
these people increase after consuming tea
should contain a lot of great scientists’
hurdles. that is not brewed with hot water.
D. To illustrate that textbooks have to put
According to the Daily Mail, scientists from crisis, they might very well be suffering
Taiwan reported that consuming three cups from a major depression disorder. Misery
of tea a day helps prevent heart disease and and lack of hope may come to the forefront,
improves blood circulation. Drinking more and people might very well feel that they
than 450 ml of tea every day will reduce the can no longer go on. It is at this point that
risk of arteries becoming stiff, with a they will need to schedule a consultation
reduced risk of 22%. Research conducted by
with a licensed therapist. In some cases,
the Harvard School of Public Health,
they might be started on anti- depressant
America, also shows that tea has many
health benefits. Besides being able to lower medications. They take many months to
blood pressure, tea can also help prevent overcome. Strong support from loved ones
the ovaries and digestive system cancer. is essential.
Consuming three cups of black tea or green Beyond unipolar depression, which might
tea every day can help prevent strokes.
stem from thyroid mood swings or a
Drinking green tea, in particular, can help
hormonal imbalance, the other major type
reduce the risk of breast, prostate, and
endometrial cancer. of depression is bipolar disorder. Signs of
bipolar disorder might differ from person to
What conclusion can we draw from the person and can thus be hard for
passage especially on people who are non- professionals to tease out. Swinging from
tea drinkers? despair to euphoria will indicate presence
A. They tend to easily get various of bipolar manic depression. In some cases,
degenerative diseases. patients might believe that they have
B. The are physically as good as those who superhuman powers or traits. People who
drink tea.
are bipolar might also spend money without
C. They cannot be associated with drinking
tea. regard to the future. They could also
D. They tend to be free from breast cancer. engage in risky behaviors.
E. They are prone to heart diseases.
It can be inferred from the text that
Mental illness involves specific types of
mood disorders that cause cognitive A. clinically people tend to have changing
distortions. When people suffering from moods overtime.
one of these illnesses perceive reality B. depressions are closely associated with
incorrectly, they will likely find themselves one’s cognition state.
suffering from sadness, anxiety, C. people who get angry easily may suffer
hallucinations, or psychosis. With clinical from mental disorders.
depression itself, people may have both D. the first aid for those with mental
good moods and bad moods from time to illnesses is having a psychiatrist.
time.  The bad moods, however, will likely E. essentially there is no best therapy for
predominate. mentally disorder people.
When people are excessively pessimistic
and feel like they are experiencing a mid-life
In a unique study, researchers at Land To explain the surprising result, the
University in Sweden have mapped the researchers propose the idea that the costs
origins of migratory bird. They used the associated with a strong and complex
results to investigate and discover major immune system could be much higher than
differences in the immune systems of anyone previously thought. Examples of
sedentary and migratory birds. The these costs could be autoimmunity and
researchers conclude that migratory species other immune system diseases such as
benefit from leaving tropical areas when it chronic inflammation.
is time to rise their young – as moving away
from diseases in the tropics enables them Despite the migratory birds having to deal
to survive with a less costly immune system. with pathogens both in Europe and tropical
Africa, they have thus lost much of the
Analysing the genealogy of over 1,300 variation and complexity in their immune
songbird species, passerines, enabled the system compared to their African ancestors.
researchers to establish that both sedentary According to the researchers, this indicates
birds, which do not leave northern Europe that dealing with pathogens is the most
in the winter, and migratory bird, which difficult for the birds the first time they are
breed in Europe but spend the winter close exposed to them. For migratory birds, this
to the equator, originate from Africa. The happens in Europe where they rise their
researchers then went on to study the young and there are not as many different
immune system in three different groups: pathogens.
sedentary birds in tropical Africa, European
sedentary birds, and migratory bird. Their One of the researchers explained that when
findings show that African sedentary birds the migratory birds bred, they had moved
have a more varied and extensive immune away from many diseases and therefore did
system than that of both European not need an immune system that was
sedentary birds and migratory birds. equally varied. Another advantage was that
the risk of damage caused by the immune
Evolution has quite simply ensured that bird system dropped considerably if the immune
species migrating to Europe were equipped system was less complex.
with a much less variable immune system,
as Europe has far fewer diseases that the All vertebrates, including human beings,
tropics. The African sedentary species have an immune system built up in a similar
probably need a more advanced immune way to that of birds. The Lund biologists
system to deal with the richer flore of therefore believe that their findings could
pathogens to which they are exposed. What also be significant in a broader perspective.
really surprised the researchers was that
the immune system of migratory birds Adapted from
showed similarity low variation to that of https//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/201
European sedentary birds. After all, 8/04/180410103507.htm
migratory birds do not only need to resist
diseases in Europe, but also during their It is implied in paragraph two that
migration and in the tropic.
 the years, Garrard say but what has
A. migratory birds tend to stay longer near changed is the level of incidental activity
the equator. children do. “When you look at countries
B. European and African sedentary birds are
where children are just active as part of
of the same species.
C. European sedentary birds return to Africa everyday life, they do not have to be sporty.
to raise their young. All they have to do is to get around the way
D. European sedentary birds fly over the the community gets around by walking and
equator. cycling, and they get enough physical
E. migratory birds live near the equator activity,” she says.
before they move and breed.
(www.abc.net.au)
By writing the sentence “... chauffeuring
Did you ride your bike to school when you your kids to school every day could mean
were a kid? A generation ago most kids they are missing out on much-needed
rode, walked or caught the bus to school; exercise and other life skills.” (paragraph 2),
very few of us were dropped off by our the author implies that
parents at the school gate. These days most
of us have experienced the daily traffic jams
A. kids given a lift to school likely lose vital
around school at drop-off and pick-up
social and physical advantages.
times, as parents drive their children to the
B. taking kids to school makes them
school gate. While there is no national data
deprived individuals when they grow up.
on the number of children who walk or ride
C. schooling means not only learning in
to school, a recent Victorian survey found
classes but also socializing with others.
nearly half of all children are driven to
D. parents spoil their kids’ future social and
school every day.
physical life by giving them a lift.
Parents choose to drop their kids at school E. when a child needs physical and social
for a number of reasons mostly to do with training, parents should facilitate them.
safety and convenience exercise. But
experts say chauffeuring your kids to school
every day could mean they are missing out
on much needed exercise and other life
skills.
Research suggests at least a third of
Australian children aged 9–16 years are not
getting the amount of daily physical activity
recommended in national guidelines. But
this is not because children’s participation
in leisure or sporting activities has dropped
off, says Dr Jan Garrard. Participation in
these activities has not altered much over