TEST 2

I. PRONUNCIATION

A. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. a. renovate b. policy c. dissolve d. congress
2. a. great b. inflation c. trade d. stagnant
3. a. subsidy b, measure c. solve d. congress

4. a. encourage b. country c. ground d. young

5. a. reduced b. dissolved c. supposed d. encouraged
B. Choose the word that has the main stress placed different from that of the others.

6. a. subsidies b. stagnant c. ethnic d. substantial

7. a. economy b. agriculture c. renovate d. guideline
8. a. reaffirm b. eliminate c. invest d. domestic
9. a. communist b. commend c. comment d. common
10. a administrative b. productivity c. agricultural d. economic

II. LANGUAGE FOCUS

A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.

11. We are committed supporting democracy and reform in the region.

a. in b. of c. to d. for
12. Their aim is to set. a new political party.
a. for b. up c. on d. in
13. Economic reforms should be • constantly in order to promote the development of a country.
a. carried out b. put out c. turned up d. taken up
14. The government new economic policies aimed at halting economic
recession.
a. committed b. reduced c. shifted d. adopted
15. Vietnam economic reform did not support the state in business.
a. renovation b. intervention c. development d. investment
16. Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their to economic
liberalization.
a. commitment b. comment c. command d. compliment
17. The government devalued the currency to try to revive the economy,
a. stable b. developed c. stagnant d. dynamic
18. of recent political developments he was taken by surprise on his arrival
in the capital.
 a. Unexpected b. Unheard c. Unaware d. Unknown
19. With the of “Doi Moi”, Vietnam has managed to arrest the economic
backsliding of the 1980s.
a. competition b. implementation c. introduction d. dissolution
20. The government introduced a number of measures to implement Doi Moi.
a. renovation b. stagnation c. adoption d. promotion
21. The country’s annual of coffee beans has increased each year since 1977.
a. ration b. growth c. outcome d. production
22. The contract was rendered by this careless wording.
a. effective b. efficient c. inefficient d. ineffective
23. The government cut spending through reductions in state to industry,
a. benefit b. taxes c. subsidies d. intervention
24. The country’s infrastructure is crumbling because of investment.
a. enormous b. inadequate c. substantial d. worthwhile
25. The President has called for massive investment to rebuild the country’s _.
a. economic b. economics c. economical d. economy
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences^
26. Reforms went through opposition from teachers.
a. because of b. in spite of c. due to d. but for
27 we dislike him, he’s efficient and we can’t dismiss him.
a. Much though b. As much c. Much d. Although much as
28 some languages have 30 or more different vowel sounds, others have five
or less.
a. Although b. Whereas c. When d. Since
29. the Asian crisis, the company’s profits fell by 15% during 1997.

a. Because of b. Because c. In spite of d. Even though

30. She notified security by telephone she heard something suspicious going on
in the elevator.
a. although b. when c. because of d. so
31 the auditor went over the books several times, he was still unable
to find the error.
a. Despite b. While c. Since d. Although
32. The price of fruit has increased recently the price of vegetables has gone
down.
a. during b. whether c. whereas d. otherwise
33. We have less money to spend budget cuts.
a. due to b. despite c. because d. for
34 he didn’t attend English courses, he spoke English so well.
a. Because b. However c. Although d. Despite
35. We went up to the top floor we could see the view over the city.
a. so that b. although c. as . d. now that
36. a disabled girl, Jane was quite confident the first moment she practiced this sport.
 Although
a. b. Despite c. While d. Because of
37. I’m going to make an early start not to get stuck in the traffic.
a. so that b. in spite of c. in order d. due to
38. get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.
a. Although children b. Children, when they
c. As children d. For children to
39. what you said last night, I still love you.
a. Despite b. Even though c. Even if d. Since
40. Some people protest certain commercial fishing operations dolphins,
considered to be highly intelligent mammals, are killed unnecessarily.
a. despite b. although c. because d. because of
C. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the
sentence to be correct.
41. Like other women pioneered in the field of medicine, Sara Mayo found A B
the beginning years difficult.
C D
42. Despite of the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more.
A B C D
43. Please make the dishes tonight after dinner so they don’t pile up in the sink.
A B C D
44. Having withdrawn from the race, the candidate decided supporting his A B
opponent despite the opponents representing the other political party.
C D
45. Although this car appears to be manufactured by a different company, A B
it has the same body style, size, and perform as that one.
C D
III. READING
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
In 1986 Vietnam (46) a political and economic innovation campaign (Doi Moi) that
introduced reforms intended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a “socialist-
oriented market economy.” Doi Moi combined government planning with free- market incentives. The
program abolished agricultural (47) , removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled
farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace. It encouraged the establishment of private businesses
and foreign investment, including foreign-owned (48) .
By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural (49) ushered in under
Doi Moi was evident. More than 30,000 private businesses had been (50) , and the economy
was growing at an annual rate of more than 7 percent. From the early 1990s
to 2005, poverty (51) from about 50 percent to 29 percent of the population.
However, progress varied geographically, with most prosperity concentrated in urban areas, (52)
in and around Ho Chi Minh City. In general, rural areas also made progress, as
rural households (53) in poverty declined from 66 percent of the total in 1993 to 36 percent
in 2002. (54) contrast, concentrations of poverty remained in (55)
rural areas, particularly the northwest, north-central coast, and central highlands.
46. a. adopted b. launched c. produced d. maintained
47. a. collectives b. coordinates c. combinations d. corporations.
48. a. formations b. creations c. enterprises d. renovations
49. a. recessions b. depressions c. renews d. reforms
50. a. created b. found c. owned d. carried
51. a. increased b. declined c. raised d. eliminated
52. a. generally b. specially c. particularly d. hardly
53. a. living b. lived c. live d. to live
54. a. With b. On c. For d. By
55. a. stable b. certain c. definite d. unnamed
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
The July 13, 2000, signing of the Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) between the U.S. and
Vietnam was a significant milestone for Vietnam’s economy. The BTA provided for Normal
Trade Relations (NTR) status of Vietnamese goods in the U.S. market. Access to the
U.S. market will allow Vietnam to hasten its transformation into a manufacturing-based, export-
oriented economy. It would also concomitantly attract foreign investment to Vietnam,
not only from the U.S., but also from Europe, Asia, and other regions.
On January 11, 2007, Vietnam became WTO’s 150th member, after 11 years of preparation,
including 8 years of negotiation. Vietnam’s access to WTO should provide an important boost to
Vietnam’s economy and should help to ensure the continuation of liberalizing reforms and create
options for trade expansion. However,. WTO accession also brings serious challenges, requiring
Vietnam’s economic sectors to open the door to increased foreign competition.
Although Vietnam’s economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7
percent, is one of the fastest growing in the world, the economy is growing from an extremely
low base, reflecting the crippling effect of the Second Indochina War (1954-75) and repressive
economic measures introduced in its aftermath. Whether rapid economic growth is sustainable is open
to debate. The government may not be able to follow through with plans to scale back trade
restrictions and reform state-owned enterprises. Reducing trade restrictions and improving
transparency are keys to gaining full membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), as
hoped by mid-2006. The government plans to reform the state-owned sector by partially privatizing
thousands of state-owned enterprises, including all five state-owned commercial banks.
56. According to the passage, the Bilateral Trade Agreement .
a. helped to expand Vietnam’s export markets
b. helped to improve the quality of Vietnamese goods
c. brought about a complete transformation in Vietnam’s economy
d. normalized the diplomatic relations between the U.S and Vietnam
57. WTO accession _ .
a. creates difficulties for private enterprises of Vietnam
b. has been a major boost for Vietnam’s economy
c. reaffirms the primacy of the state
d. implements an open-door policy for foreign investors.
58. The word ‘crippling in the last paragraph means .
a. destructive b. major c. dramatic d. remarkable
59. How can the government reform the state-owned sector?
a. By reducing state intervention in business.
 b. By eliminating government subsidies.
c. By privatizing state-owned enterprises.
d. By including commercial banks.
60. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
a. Vietnam’s economy is growing at an anual rate of 7 percent.
b. The BTA opened the door to increased international trade.
c. That rapid economic growth is sustainable can not be certain.
d. The government plans to nationalize commercial banks.
IV. WRITING
Choose the sentences - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the printed one.

61. John applied for the job even though he has no experience in the field.
a. John didn’t apply for the job if he had experience in the field.
b. Because of his inexperience in the field, John didn’t apply for the job.
c. John was unable to apply for the job because he was inexperienced in the field.
d. In spite of his inexperience in the field, John applied for the job.
62. Some people will go to any lengths to lose weight.
a. Some people haven’t lost any weight for a long time.
b. Some people will do anything to lose weight.
c. It takes some people a long time to lose weight.
d. Some people find it hard to lose weight.
63. The project received the unanimous approval of the committee.
a. A few members of the committee approved of the project.
b. Many members of the committee approved of the project.
c. The whole committee wasn’t in favor of the project.
d. The whole committee was in favor of the project.
64. If interest rates are cut, the economic situation may improve.
a. There’s no doubt that the economic situation will improve as a result of the reduction in
interest rates.
b. The economic situation may improve if we increase the interest rates.
c. The economic situation won’t be better if interest rates are cut.
d. A reduction of interest rates may improve the economic situation.
65. Much as I respect your point of view, I can’t agree. -
a. I can’t agree because I respect your point of view.
b. I respect your point of view, so I agree.
c. Even though I respect your point of view, I can’t agree.
d. I can’t agree with your point of view even if I respect you.