Reading and Writing

Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Properties of a Well-Known
Written Text

CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
Reading and Writing Skills
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Properties of a Well-Known Written Text
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Michelle B. Banca, Desiree D. Vista, Margie A. Papasin, Faye Maida F. Llagas,
Maria Monica M. Angeles
Editors: Shiela Niña L. Rea-Santes, Orven Francis G. De Pedro
Reviewers: Cyril E. Sales, Susana J. Sacatrapos, Loui Grace G. Margallo,
Laila R. Maloles, Jonathan H. Marquez, Jhonathan S. Cadavido, Amabelle G. Labitag,
Aleli C. Juliano, Gene Ross Jose I. Silva
Illustrator: Jayson K. Latade
Layout Artist: Victoria P. Gabiano, Mark Joseph O. Torres, Jayson K. Latade
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas
Job S. Zape, Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Daisy Z. Miranda
Buddy Chester M. Repia
Vincent Emmanuel L. Ilagan
Henry P. Contemplacion
Laila R. Maloles

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region 4A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
Reading and Writing
Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Properties of a Well-Known
Written Text
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

Writing, like speaking, is a form of expressing and communicating one’s thoughts

and ideas. When you speak clearly, other people can understand what you are
saying. Likewise, when you write, you have to familiarize yourself with the properties
of a well-written text: organization, coherence and cohesion, language use, and
mechanics. These will serve as your “compass” in weaving your train of thoughts and
connecting one idea to another.

This module will help you identify and utilize your writing prowess through your
awareness and application of the properties of a written text. Here, you can also
better appreciate good grammar as fundamental to written communication. More so,
using it on a personal basis can help you express ideas precisely and gain other
people’s respect in whatever you have to say.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Organization
• Lesson 2 – Coherence and Cohesion
• Lesson 3 – Language Use
• Lesson 4 – Mechanics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the beginning, middle, and end of the story read;
2. write the episodes of your life from childhood to young adulthood using a
graphic organizer;
3. organize ideas using proper transitional devices;
4. construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph;
5. determine the essence of proper language use in written texts;
6. evaluate a written text based on the appropriateness of language use;
7. utilize writing prowess through practice skills in grammar; and
8. use proper mechanics in writing such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization,
and paragraph development.

1 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 What I Know

Read carefully each item before choosing the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. "Let me tell you about my unforgettable experience when I was a child." This
line is a part of the ___________ of a narrative.
A. end
B. middle
C. beginning
D. conclusion

2. What aspect of writing is used to create unity in organizing ideas in a text?

A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Organization
D. Mechanics

3. What properties of a well written text is used to show the steps in a science
experiment?
A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Organization
D. Mechanics

4. The following are examples of transitional devices that indicate opposition,

limitation and contradiction except for?
A. On the other hand
B. On the contrary
C. Furthermore
D. In spite of

5. Which of the following is referred to as specialized language used by groups

of like-minded individuals?
A. slang
B. euphemism
C. jargon
D. idiom

6. Fill in the blank with the connecting word that best joins the two thoughts.
We received the payment a week after its due. _____, you will be charged a
late fee.
A. Finally
B. In short
C. Therefore
D. In contrast

2 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
7. Which of the following sentences shows the correct usage of a transition
signal?
A. Mrs. Vista will accept late homework; however, she will take points off
of the grade.
B. The Grade 11 class finished the test early; indeed, they were allowed to
read quietly before the bell.
C. Since Donna was the last to leave class, she was the first on the bus.
D. No one expected so many people at the evacuation area; furthermore,
we ran out of food.

8. What is the nature of the underlined transition in the given sentence?

“You need to be quiet so he can sleep.”
A. Time
B. Addition
C. Comparison
D. Cause and effect

9. ‘Vertically challenged’ is what example of language feature?

A. jargon
B. slang
C. idiom
D. euphemism

10. What is cohesion?

A. Cohesion introduces new ideas in a text.
B. A special type of argument used in writing.
C. Cohesion is a special type of glue that writers use to make ideas stick
together.
D. The way in which an author uses sentence structure to make the text
more understandable to the reader.

11. These are certain words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two
statements.
A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Topic Sentence
D. Cohesive Devices

12. Which of the following sentences has a precise and clear language?
A. Killer sentenced to die for the second time in ten years.
B. The movie is a classic example of a horror movie because it
incorporates all the elements of a horror film.
C. He is an interesting individual.
D. The practice of the theory of politics is studied in the classroom but
political habits on campus do not seem to benefit from such labor.

3 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
13. What correct end punctuation are you going to use to complete the
sentence: Why did you call me ___
A. period
B. comma
C. exclamation
D. question mark

14. Which of the following sentences is asking for information?

A. Marsha, are you joining the class exhibit tour tomorrow?
B. Mr. Pineda, excuse me, are we there yet?
C. Hmmm, I guess, you are not with us, aren’t you?
D. What do you think is the easiest way to get to the train station on time?

15. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to
describe the technical aspects of writing which focuses more on the specificity
and clarity for words that you use – spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.
A. mechanics
B. organization
C. language use
D. coherence and cohesion

4 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Lesson

1 Organization
Arranging our thoughts to deliver a purposeful message is essential in all forms of
communication. This is clearly evident among written texts, which are supposed to
be well-organized, coherent, and cohesive, using proper language and mechanically
neat.

In this lesson, we will focus on the essence of organization. Thus, later, you are
expected to determine the beginning, middle, and end of a story, and to write the
episodes of your life from childhood to young adulthood using a graphic organizer.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned that persuasion is one of the patterns of written
text. A persuasive text can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review, or even
an advertisement.

Can you still remember the following guide questions in constructing a persuasive
text?
1. What is the issue?
2. What is your position or opinion?
3. What is the opposing position/opinion?
4. What are some reasons for your position/opinion?
5. What are some cases or examples that support this?

Notice that the guides are made in a specified order that will help clarify your
thoughts and encourage your readers to either believe in your opinion or do
something based on your claims. This is the power of organization in writing texts
well.

What’s New

Are you familiar with Star Cinema’s “Seven Sundays”? This local movie features
celebrities like Aga Muhlach, Dingdong Dantes, Cristine Reyes, Enrique Gil, and
Ronaldo Valdez. Inside the succeeding text, boxes are three different situations from
the movie. Read and analyze each event to determine which comes first, next and
last.

5 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 When the four children learned about the bad news that their
1 father was diagnosed of a lung cancer, they at once decided to pay
their father a visit by sleeping overnight under the same roof.

The widowed father of the Bonifacio family, Manuel, was diagnosed

with lung cancer by the family physician. What saddened Manuel
2 was the doctor’s prediction that he had only about two months or
roughly “seven weeks” to live.

After his birthday with his nephew Jun

(because no one among his children
showed up), Tatay Manuel received a call
from the family doctor telling him of the
good news – that he was not terminally ill.
Tatay Manuel Bonifacio, a father of four
3 announced to his family that he would die
soon. After celebrating his birthday with his
nephew Jun (because no one among his
children showed up), Tatay Manuel
received a call from the family doctor telling
him of the good news – that he was not
terminally ill.

How do you think are the scenes arranged in the movie?

Complete the following:

Event # ___ is the beginning because ______________________________________.

Event # ___ is the middle because _________________________________________.

Event # ___ is the ending because _________________________________________.

6 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 What is It

A well-organized piece of writing is not only clear but also logical and aesthetic. The
existence of organizational markers and coherent flow of ideas are typically the focus
in evaluation of writing (Dayagbil 2016, 63-64).

In writing a story or an essay, it is necessary for students like you to identify the
sequence of events from the beginning to the end because a strong organization
comprises proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas.

You are introduced to this lesson by sequencing events to help you understand how
to organize your understanding of the text or story, then later, to apply it in your own
composition.

Notes to the Teacher

You may cite different movies, stories or texts from other
disciplines to let your students creatively present the
sequence of events. Additional points may also be given to
the learner with the most interesting and unique
presentation.

What’s More

Read the excerpt of the film review lifted from (Lionheartv.net 2017). Then, record
the sequence of events on a graphic organizer.

MOVIE REVIEW: “SEVEN SUNDAYS” (excerpt)

Star Cinema’s “Seven Sundays” revolves around the story of Bonifacio family,
whose patriarch, Manuel, (Ronaldo Valdez) is diagnosed with a terminal
illness. Seeing the family he built with his now deceased-wife, falling apart,
Manuel has only one dying wish: see his four children together again and
reconnected, happy and looking for each other, like when they were still kids.
But time and distance have taken a great toll on his children’s relationships
which have been mostly strained by insecurities and pride among them.

7 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 His eldest, Allan (Aga Mulach), is a struggling father trying to make ends meet
for his own family. Bryan (Dingdong Dantes), the middle child, who in spite
of being the most successful, harbors bitterness towards Allan, whom he
thinks has remained his father’s favorite. Cha (Cristine Reyes), now a mother
of three, tries to hide her malfunctioning marriage, and Dexter (Enrique Gil),
the youngest, keeps himself distant from the family he thinks abandoned him.

They are forced to reconcile under the same roof, and as they try to grant their
dying father’s wish, a recollection of their history and some assessment of
where they are and have gone as a family, are inevitably ensued.

But Dingdong Dantes has arguably emerged as the strongest performer. There
is a powerful exchange of accusations and revelation of insecurities among
the siblings, where Bryan bares his bitter struggle to prove himself and his
worth in the family.

Enrique Gil’s Dexter has practically the same baggage. He struggles to

connect to the members of his family whom he feels left him when he was in
need of someone to guide him through growing up. As anticipated, every
member of the family has to survive the pains of growing up, but it is growing
apart that proves to be more damaging to the Bonifacio family, and it is more
evident in Dexter.

But then, all these characters radiate around Manuel, played by Ronaldo
Valdez, who has singularly maintained his dramatic genius throughout the
film. His struggle as a father trying to keep the foundations of his already
rattled family makes his character accessible, hence it emerges as the most
relatable element of the film.

For what it’s worth, while “Seven Sundays” struggles to abandon the
conventions of its genre, this Cathy Garcia-Molina-helmed family drama
turns out to be actually memorable. Its utter earnestness to relate a familiar
story moves the film to levels that are bracing enough to capture audience
and tug at their heartstrings. With its poignant sentiments about family, it
hits right in the heart, and for that, “Seven Sundays” is exceptional.

On a separate sheet of paper, use the graphic organizer to show the order of events
recounted in the film review.

Timeline Organizer

BEGINNING

MIDDLE

ENDING

8 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements for you to remember the most essential takeaways
from the lesson:

• A well-organized piece of writing ___________, ____________ and ___________.

• In writing a story or an essay, it is necessary to identify the ___________
of events from the beginning to the end.
• A strong organization comprises proper ________________ and logical _________
of presenting ideas

What I Can Do

Using a graphic organizer, write an episode of your life by providing events beginning
from childhood to young adulthood. Provide a catchy title for your story.

Title: ____________________________________________________________________________

Date Event

Additional Activities

Write a three-to-five paragraph essay about the episodes of your life, using the events
that you recorded on the table beginning from childhood to young adulthood. Be
guided by the following criteria.

YOUR TEACHER’S
CRITERIA
SCORE SCORE
Completeness (5)
Did you write to the prompt? Did you write enough? Was your
story complete?
Content (5)
Did your story have a beginning, middle and end?
Language (5)
Did you use clear and thoughtful language?
Did you use the events as reflected in the episodes of your life?
Formatting/Organization (5)
Is your story broken up into paragraphs?
TOTAL

9 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Lesson

2 Coherence and Cohesion

One of the most important elements in writing is the form or structure. Without a
solid structure in place, the content you have gathered would fall apart. After
sequencing the events in your paragraph – a group of related sentences that leads to
a single topic or idea, it is time to get on to unifying your writing.
In this lesson, we will focus on structuring an effective paragraph through coherence
and cohesion. Thus, you are later expected to organize ideas using proper
transitional devices and eventually construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned that organization plays an important role in
developing a well-written text. It is also known as the arrangement and is achieved
when ideas are logically and accurately arranged with focus on the sequence of ideas,
incidents, evidence, or details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech.

After learning this property of a well-written text, it is important to interconnect it to

other properties of text: coherence and cohesion.

What’s New

Set A. Number the sentences to form a well-structured paragraph.

_____A. I knew that we will go to their house to celebrate her birthday but during that
time, I was still in our school because of my training for campus journalism.
_____B. I talked to her and said sorry for what I had done and I explained my reasons
for not attending her birthday. At last, I was still thankful to her for understanding
my situation.
_____C. It was 2:00 o'clock in the afternoon when Angelita called me over the phone
and said that she was waiting for me at 7/11 store together with our other friends.
_____D. It's hard for me to choose what should I prioritize but I ended up staying in
school.
_____E. On the next day, I saw her inside our room and it seemed that she did not
want to look at me.

10 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
Set B. Combine the sentences in each set into two clear sentences. Add a transitional
word or phrase to the second to show how it relates to the first. Here is an example.

• Retirement should be the reward for a lifetime of work.

• It is widely viewed as a sort of punishment.
• It is a punishment for growing old.

Sample combination:
Retirement should be the reward for a lifetime of work. Instead, it is widely
viewed as a sort of punishment for growing old.

Now, it’s your turn!

• There are differences in English performance between boys and girls.

• These differences cannot be attributed simply to differences in innate ability.
• If one were to ask the children themselves, they would probably disagree.

What is It

In arranging the sentences in the first activity, we consider coherence or the

connection of the succeeding sentences to the topic sentence. Meanwhile, in the
second activity, we make use of cohesive or transitional devices to link the first
sentence to the second.

Coherence and cohesion are two basic features that facilitate textual continuity.
Basically, coherence refers to the rhetorical aspects of your writing, which include
developing and supporting your argument (e.g. thesis statement development),
synthesizing and integrating readings, organizing and clarifying ideas.

11 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Coherence means the connection and organization of ideas in a text to create
unity.

To achieve coherence, every good paragraph must have UNITY or oneness of idea.
Sentences in a paragraph are unified and directed by a topic sentence.

On the other hand, cohesion in writing means unifying ideas by binding words,
phrases, sentences and paragraphs, thus, show relationships and smooth “text flow”.

While coherence focuses on the overall (macro) structure of the essay, cohesion
is more specific. It pays attention to links between words and sentences.

To achieve good cohesion, you need to know how to use cohesive devices, certain
words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two statements, usually by
referring back to what you have previously written or said
Here is a chart of the transitional devices (also called conjunctive adverbs or adverbial
conjunctions) accompanied by a simplified definition of function.

again, also, and, and then, equally important, finally, first,

addition further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last,
moreover, next, second, still, too
comparison also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
concession granted, naturally, of course
although, yet, at the same time, but at the same time, despite
that, even so, even though. for all that, however, in contrast, is
contrast
spite of, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary,
on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though
emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course
after all, as an illustration, even, for example, for instance, for
example/
conclusion, indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it is true,
illustration
namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate, thus, truly
all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in
summary conclusion, in other words, in particular, in short, in simpler
terms, in summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to summarize

What’s More

For items 1-3, combine each pair of sentences by changing one sentence to a
subordinate clause. Use appropriate subordinating conjunction to link the ideas.

Sample: I got tired. It was so late.

Answer: I got tired because it was so late.

1. I was studying my lesson. I heard a loud crash in the next room.

2. I pulled the blankets on my bed. I was afraid.
3. I finally got up from where I was sitting. I heard the cat’s meow.

12 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
For items 4-5, continue the story by completing the sentences.

4. I went to get a broom so that _________________________________.

5. I did not get very much sleep that night because __________________.

What I Have Learned

Using a Venn diagram, write the similarities and differences between coherence and
cohesion.

coherence cohesion

What I Can Do

On a draft paper, jot down all your ideas about the word happiness. Decide how to
organize them by observing coherence and cohesion in writing your paragraph. Then,
review the second draft and check on your use of cohesive ties before writing your
second drafts.

YOUR TEACHER’S
CRITERIA
RATING RATING
Content (5)
Did your story have a beginning, middle and
end?
Completeness (5)
Did you write to the prompt?
Did you write enough?
Was your story complete?
Language (5)
Did you use clear and thoughtful language?
Did you use transitional devices?

13 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Did you use the events as reflected in the
episodes of your life?
Formatting/Organization (5)
Is your story broken up into paragraphs?
TOTAL

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher may let the students choose their own topic to write
about if they feel it difficult to start with the given topic.

Additional Activities

Rewrite the paragraph below by organizing the flow of ideas. Make sure that the links
are made clear between each point.

One of my favorite books is entitled “Me Before You”. It’s written by Jojo
Moyes. It has a movie adaptation that was directed by Thea Sharrock. The
movie adaptation and the written book show similarities and differences. The
plot of the book and the movie are completely the same. The catch in some
parts of the book are not in the movie. The movie adaptation catches the gist
of the book’s story. Regarding emotions, both the book and movie justify the
tragic ending of the story. I was more moved to the movie adaptation. I can
clearly see the scene with a good background, the emotion of the character
portrayed by the actors, and I can clearly hear the dialogues. Both are enjoying
but I was more satisfied with the book. It’s very detailed. The movie can offer
you the whole package without the sense of curiosity. If I were to choose
between its published book and movie adaptation, I would choose the book.
Books can be a wild curious journey of the reader or traveler.

14 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Lesson

3 Language Use

Now that you already know the importance of organization, coherence and cohesion
in creating a well-written text, let’s move on to another significant factor that a writer
should consider – the language use.

In this lesson, you are expected to determine the essence of proper language use in
written texts and, later, to evaluate a written text based on the appropriateness of
language use.

What’s In

Before we proceed to the role of language use in well-written texts, answer the
following questions first:

• Would it be enough to just consider organization, coherence and cohesion in

writing?
• How would improper use of language affect the message of a written text?
• Why is language as significant as organization, coherence and cohesion in
developing a well-written text?

Notes to the Teacher

Let the students give their insights on the questions posted above.
Let them realize how important language use is in writing a text.

15 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 What’s New

Study the conversation of three students during the first day of school.

Identify which is very formal, formal and informal?

Arnold Sarah Arnulfo

What is It

Writing is a rigorous activity. No matter how good and substantial the content of a
document is, if it’s not carefully written as to how you, as the writer, would like to
present it to your readers, your purpose will not be served wisely. Hence, you have
to bear in mind that aside from considering the organization of your ideas and the
coherence and cohesion of your sentences and paragraphs, you also have to regard
the style, tone and clarity of your writing. On this note, you are responsible to choose
the appropriate language to be used regarding the objective of the writing, the context
in which it was written and the target audience in mind.

16 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
There are five major issues with appropriate language that should be avoided in an
effective and well-written text, as identified by (Purdue Online Writing Lab 2020):

1. Formality of the language. It should depend on how formal the situation is

and how the writer and the reader are related to one another.
2. Use of jargons. Specialized language used by groups of individuals in the
same field, should only be used if the target readers belong to the same
group.
3. Avoid slangs and idioms. Refrain from using slang and idiomatic expressions
if necessary to avoid misinterpretation of text.
4. Avoid euphemisms. Examples of which are “vertically challenged” for
someone who is short; “passed away” instead of died, and other deceitful
languages.
5. Biased language. Avoid using any biased language including those
associated with any racial, ethnic, group, or gender.

Hence, an effective language can be characterized as:

• Concrete and specific, not vague and abstract

• Concise, not verbose
• Precise and clear, not obscure
• Constructive, not destructive
• Appropriately formal, not slang

What’s More

Clip an article from a magazine, journal or newspaper that is related to your strand
or specialization. Evaluate its language use by answering the following:

Evidence/
Guide Questions Yes or No?
Justification
Is the article appropriately formal?
Are there jargons?
Are there idiomatic expressions?
Are there euphemisms and other deceitful
words?
Is there any bias in language use?
Are the ideas presented in the text concrete
and specific?
Is the article concise?
Are the ideas presented precisely and
clearly?

17 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
Is there any suggestion you can give to improve the language used in your chosen
article?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Complete the sentences below:

1. A well-written text is/has_________________________________________.

2. Language use should be considered when writing a text because if not,

_________________________________________________________________.

3. As a writer, I will ________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Now that you already learned the importance of language use in achieving an effective
and well-written text, it’s now time for you to utilize this property in your writing
task.
Supposed that you are an animal enthusiast. Write a letter of appeal addressed to
the local government to take legal action against human activities that endanger
wildlife in your locality. Please be guided by the scoring rubric below.

4 3 2 1

Three or more
Parts of the One part of the Two parts of the
parts of the
business letter business letter is business letter are
business letter are
are complete. missing. missing.
missing.
The argument/s The argument/s The argument/s
The argument/s
presented is/are presented is/are presented is/are
presented is/are
precise and clear not precise and not precise and
precise, clear and
but not completely unclear but unclear and
supported by
supported by facts supported by facts supported by
facts and details.
and details. and details. opinions.

18 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 The writer used
The writer used The writer used The writer used
constructive,
constructive, constructive yet destructive,
unbiased language
unbiased and unbiased and unbiased and
and some informal
formal language. informal language. informal language.
language used.
The writer did not
The writer used The writer used
use The writer used
two three or more
jargon/slang/ one jargon/slang/
jargons/slang/ jargons/slang/
idiomatic idiomatic
idiomatic idiomatic
expression/ expressions/
expressions/ expressions/
euphemism/other euphemisms/other
euphemisms/other euphemisms/other
deceitful deceitful language.
deceitful language. deceitful language.
language.
There are no to There are few There are some There are many
grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors. errors. errors. errors.

Additional Activities

Write a three-paragraph expository essay about one of the given topics below. Make
sure to consider organization, coherence and cohesion, and language use. Please be
guided by the scoring rubric.
1. How can pets make you happy and improve your life?
2. How to keep a virus-free environment?
3. Why do you want to pursue your desired career?

Criteria 4 points 2 points 1 point

Ideas presented
Presents Some ideas are
are logically Lack of ideas
logical misplaced and
arrange and and unity are
organization of stray from the
there is unity of presented
ideas topic
thoughts
The text
Uses Some text The text
presented
appropriate presented is presented uses
appropriate and
and unbiased inappropriate inappropriate
unbiased
language and biased and biased
language
The text has Most of the text
The text has no
Correctness in little has
grammatical
grammar use grammatical grammatical
errors
errors errors

Total Score

19 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Lesson

4 Mechanics

In this lesson, you will utilize your writing prowess through practice skills in
grammar. You are also expected to learn the mechanics in writing such as spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, and paragraphs in explaining a position in an essay.

What’s In

We are almost done with the properties of a well-written text. Before we proceed to
the last one, can you name the first three properties?

Let us recall each of the previously learned properties by classifying the words or
phrases inside the word pool. Write your answers on their respective sheets of paper
below.

ORGANIZATION COHERENCE & LANGUAGE USE

COHESION

20 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
Now, that you have learned how to arrange your ideas, link your sentences and
paragraphs, and use appropriate language, you are now ready to apply mechanical
neatness in your written text. This refers to how you will adhere to acceptable
grammar and other rules in writing.

What’s New

Read the letter below. Identify all errors by placing the correct capitalization and
punctuations, correcting misspelled words, and writing the sentences in paragraph
form.

233 sitioibaba,
brgy. santisimososario
sanpablocitylaguna
24 august 2020

ms.kasumiwatanabe
gems and jewels inc
sta. cruzlaguna

dear miss Salazar

i attended your career planning workshop at the trace collage libraery on 15

december 2018
your presentation was just what I needed too organized myself Would it be
possible for you
to send me copies of your resume-writing guidelynes the worksheet
and the sample Unfortunately you ran out of this handouts before you gotto me

sincerely
menard b bancajr

Were you able to identify and correct the errors? Do you think an employer will feel
bad about receiving such a letter from a job applicant or from an employee? Is it of
utmost importance to adhere to proper grammar and apply appropriate text
formatting?

If you answer yes in all of these questions, then you agree that mechanics is another
essential property of a well-written text.

21 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 What is It

Generally, mechanics is essential in all types of writing because it describes the

technical aspects of writing. It also serves as a road sign to guide learners like you
on how to use words appropriately in terms of conventions such as spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, and others.
Consider this example:

I can never forget my class last school year because they were so
active and responsible in class they always worked together well in doing
their assignments performing group and individual tasks submitting their
projects on time keeping the classroom spic and span.
They are worth remembering for everything that they did inside and
outside the campus they always helped one another they seldom got
themselves in conflict with anyone in the class.

It is apparent that the above example is quite difficult to read because of the lack of
two important conventions: punctuations and capitalization. In addition, you cannot
easily understand the message it sends to its readers. If we put appropriate
punctuations, it could be read in this way:

My class is worth remembering. They were so active and responsible.

They always worked together well in doing their assignments, performing
group and individual tasks, submitting their projects on time, and keeping
the classroom spic and span.
Everything that they did inside and outside the campus was worth
remembering. They always helped one another. Also, they seldom got
themselves in conflict with anyone in the class.

The second paragraph is easier to read and understand. By applying proper

mechanics in writing, you can facilitate better transfer of message in your written
text. You will never be lost as long as you keep in mind and follow the basic rules of
subject-verb agreement, capitalization, punctuations, paragraphing, and even
spelling.

22 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Notes to the Teacher
For additional reading assignment, please visit the following pages:
• “A Brief History of Punctuation,” article from altalang.com
https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/a-brief-history-of-english-
punctuation/
• “Brief Overview of Punctuation,” article from Purdue’s Online
Writing Lab (OWL)
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/punctuation
/index.html

What’s More

Add the correct end punctuation to complete each sentence.

1. What is the name given to the 2019 novel corona virus

2. People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus-2019-nCoV
3. Take steps to protect yourselves from the virus, like following good
respiratory hygiene.
4. What a terrible and dangerous disease is COVID-19

Write three sentences about COVID-19. Make sure to apply proper mechanics in
writing.

5. Declarative Sentence: ___________________________________________

6. Interrogative Sentence: __________________________________________
7. Imperative Sentence: _______________________________________________
8. Exclamatory Sentence: _________________________________________________

23 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 What I Have Learned

Write your insights about the quote from Terry Pratchett:

“Let grammar, punctuation, and spelling into your life! Even the most
energetic and wonderful mess has to be turned into sentences.”

What I Can Do

A famous American writer and orator, Frederick Douglas, once said, “Once you learn
to read, you will be forever free.” Douglas meant that reading gives you the freedom
to explore the world and bring that world into a new dimension of learning and
discovery. Do you mainly agree or disagree with him? What are some of the effects of
reading such as books, newspapers, magazines, and even e-books on our lives? Are
these effects mainly negative, positive, or both?
Explain your position in an essay of five paragraphs. Use specific examples to
support your view. Observe the mechanics in writing and be guided by the following
criteria:

MY MY
CRITERIA PERSONAL TEACHER’S
RATING EVALUATION

Completeness (5)
Did you write to the prompt?
Did you write enough?
Was your essay complete?

Content (5)
Did your story have a beginning, middle and
end?

Language (5)
Did you use clear and thoughtful language?
Did you use transitional devices?
Did you use specific examples to support your
view?

Formatting/Organization (5)
Is your story broken up into paragraphs?

TOTAL

24 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Additional Activities

A. Look for an article or any forms of printed material which does not confine the
use of appropriate mechanics in writing. Submit a copy and be able to revise
the text using appropriate mechanics. Each correct mechanics revisions will
be given 3 points.

B. Create a short (3-to-5 minute) vlog about the importance of mechanics in

written texts. You may choose to have it uploaded in any social media platform
or just send it via email or private message. Be guided by the following criteria:

TEACHER’S
CRITERIA YOUR SCORE
SCORE

Content (5)
Did the vlog include topics on grammar,
capitalization, punctuation, spelling and
paragraphing?

Speech and Grammar (5)

Does the vlogger speak fluently?
Is there any grammatical error?

Video Quality (5)

Is the video well-recorded and framed?
Is it digitally enhanced and cohesive?

Sound Quality
Is the sound clear and understandable?
Is the volume appropriate?

TOTAL

25 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Assessment

Read carefully each item before choosing the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to
identify the components of an event in order, such as the beginning, middle,
and end of a story or the steps in a science experiment.
A. sequencing of events
B. following directions
C. identifying errors
D. organizing ideas

2. What properties of a well written text is used to show the steps in a science
experiment?
A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Organization
D. Mechanics

3. Fill in the blank with the connecting word that best joins the two thoughts.
We received the payment a week after its due. _____, you will be charged a late
fee.
A. Finally
B. In short
C. Therefore
D. In contrast

4. "Let me tell you about my unforgettable experience when I was a child." This
line is a part of the ___________ of a narrative.
A. end
B. middle
C. beginning
D. conclusion

5. What aspect of writing is used to create unity in organizing ideas in a text?

A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Organization
D. Mechanics

6. What is cohesion?
A. Cohesion introduces new ideas in a text.
B. A special type of argument used in writing.
C. Cohesion is a special type of glue that writers use to make ideas stick
together.
D. The way in which an author uses sentence structure to make the text
more understandable to the reader.

26 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
7. These are certain words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two
statements.
A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Topic Sentence
D. Cohesive Devices

8. Which of the following sentences shows the correct usage of a transition

signal?
A. Mrs. Vista will accept late homework; however, she will take points off
of the grade.
B. The Grade 11 class finished the test early; indeed, they were allowed to
read quietly before the bell.
C. Since Donna was the last to leave class, she was the first on the bus.
D. No one expected so many people at the evacuation area; furthermore,
we ran out of food.

9. What is the nature of the underlined transition in the given sentence?

“You need to be quiet so he can sleep.”
A. Time
B. Addition
C. Comparison
D. Cause and effect

10. Which of the following sentences has a precise and clear language?
A. Killer sentenced to die for second time in ten years.
B. The movie is a classic example of a horror movie because it
incorporates all the elements of a horror film.
C. He is an interesting individual.
D. The practice of theory of politics are studied in the classroom but
political habits on campus do not seem to benefit from such labor.

11. The following are examples of transitional devices that indicate opposition,
limitation and contradiction except for?
A. on the other hand
B. furthermore
C. on the contrary
D. in spite of

12. What correct end punctuation are you going to use to complete the
sentence: Why did you call me ___
A. period
B. comma
C. exclamation
D. question mark

27 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
13. ‘Vertically challenged’ is what example of language feature?
A. jargon
B. slang
C. idiom
D. euphemism

14. Which of the following is referred to as specialized language used by groups

of like-minded individuals?
A. slang
B. euphemism
C. jargon
D. idiom

15. Which of the following sentences is asking for an information?

A. Marsha, are you joining the class exhibit tour tomorrow?
B. Mr. Pineda, excuse me, are we there yet?
C. Hmmm, I guess, you are not with us, aren’t you?
D. What do you think is the easiest way to get to the train station on time?

28 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
 Module 2
CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS 29
Assessment
1. A
2. C Lesson 4
3. C What's More Lesson 3
4. C 1. ? What's New
5. A 2. . 1. Arnold used Slang
6. C 3. . language.
7. D 4. ! 2. Sarah used very
8. A formal language.
9. D 3. Arnulfo used formal
10. B For nos. 4-8, answers
language.
11. C vary.
12. D
13. D
14. C
15. D
Lesson 1 What I Know
Lesson 2
What's More 1. C
What's More
2. A
I. BEGINNING
The story starts when Manuel, 3. C
1. when
the patriarch of the Bonifacio 4. C
2. because family is diagnosed with a lung 5. C
3. after cancer.
6. C
4. answer varies
MIDDLE 7. A
5. answer varies Despite all the struggles that
8. D
beset his four children, they
decided to stay in one roof to 9. D
II.
grant their father’s dying wish. 10. C
a. 4
END
11. D
b. 1
With the financial assistance of 12. B
c. 3
Bryan, the richest among all 13. D
d. 5 four siblings, the family’s
business is saved from
14. D
e. 2
bankruptcy and they all live in 15. A
harmony and love.
Answer Key
References

Books

Dayagbil, Filomena D., Abao, Ethel L., and Bacus, Remedios C.. Critical Reading
and Writing for the Senior High School Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.,
2016, 63-64.

Ostrom, John and Cook, William. Paragraph Writing Simplified New York: Random
House Inc, 1994, 108-110.

Electronic References

“Appropriate Language: Overview,” Purdue Online Writing Lab, accessed May 21,
2020, Appropriate Language: Overview//Purdue Writing Lab.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/using_appro
priate_language/index.html.

Becette, Natalia. Coherence and Cohesion Activity

Sheets.https://busyteacher.org/19266-coherence-and-cohesion-activity-
sheet.html

“Cohesion and Coherence Exercises,” Humanities Writing Centre (HWC),

https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/Legacy/169/hwc.zp12816

"Effective Technical Writing: The Informative Age," accessed May 22, 2020,
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=nxtwAAAACAAJ&dq=Effective+Tech
nical+Writing:+The+Information+Age+by+Joe+Schall&hl=en&sa=X&ved=Oah
UKEwjahfXmutP

“Effective Use of Language.” Effective Use of Language, accessed May 21, 2020,
https://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/el.htm

“Movie Review Seven Sunday,” accessed September 15, 2018,

https://www.lionheartv.net/2017/10/movie-review-seven-sundays-hits-
right-heart/.

“Paragraph Writing Simplified," accessed May 19, 2020,

https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Paragraph_Writing_Simplified.ht
ml?id

“Pena: Endangered Animals,” SunStar Philippines, accessed May 21, 2020, Pena:
Endangered Animals-SUNSTAR.sunstar.com.ph/article/11223

30 CO_Q3_Reading and Writing Skills SHS

Module 2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph