P001_032.fm Page 1 Mardi, 12.

juin 2001 11:03 11

Trihal
Cast resin
transformer
P001_032.fm Page 2 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11
P001_032.fm Page 3 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

contents
presentation
type 4
standard 4
range 4
basic equipment 5

technology
magnetic core 6
low voltage winding 6
high voltage winding 6
high voltage casting 7

options
thermal protection 8 to 11
forced transformer ventilation 12
connection 13
protective enclosure 14
vibration damper 14
network protection 14
infra-red measurement port-hole 14

tests
fire behaviour 15
climatic tests 16
environment tests 16
electrical tests 17 to 19

internet 20 to 21

installation
general information 22
ventilation 23
connections 24 to 25
10 commissioning precautions 26

overloads 27
27
handling and storage 28

commissioning and maintenance 29 to 30

after sales service 31

P001_032.fm Page 4 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

presentation

( A technology developed and

patented by France Transfo since 1985.

type
Trihal is a three-phase dry type transformer cast under vacuum in epoxy resin with an
active filler.
It is this active filler, essentially composed of trihydrated alumina, which is the origin of
the Trihal trademark.
Trihal is an indoor type transformer (for outdoor installation, please consult us).

standard
Trihal complies with standards :

IEC 76-1 to 76-5 ;

IEC 726 (1982) ;

CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)
harmonization document HD 398-1 to 398-5, HD 538-2 S1 : 1995, HD 464-S1 :
1988/A4 : 1995, concerning dry type transformers.
400 kVA, 20 kV/410 V, IP00
250 kVA, 20 kV/410 V, IP31
range

HV/LV distribution transformers from 160 to 2500 kVA up to 24 kV
(36 kV please consult us).
For higher rated power and voltages, please consult us.
Trihal transformers are supplied in many versions :
 without enclosure (IP00) ;
 with IP31 metal enclosure : see the different types on pages «options».
Please note! The resin provides insulation for the MV winding but does not provide
protection from direct contact. Only the protective enclosure version provides this
protection.

HV/HV power transformers up to 15 MVA and 36 kV.
Please consult us.

Ennery assembly line

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P001_032.fm Page 5 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

presentation

basic equipment
version without protective enclosure (IP00).

4 flat multi-direction castors ;

4 lifting lugs ;

haulage holes on chassis ;

2 earthing locations ;

1 rating plate (MV side) ;

2 “electrical hazard” warning labels (signal C10) ;

off circuit tapping links, opperational when transformer is de-energised, acting on
the highest voltage to adapt the transformer to the true supply voltage ;

MV connection bars with connections from above ;

LV connections from above ;

1 test certificate and an installation, commissioning and maintenance manual.

version with IP31 protective metal enclosure.

TRIHAL transformer without protective enclosure (IP00) as described above ;

1 metal IP31 (apart from the base: IP21) protective enclosure :
 with standard anti-corrosion protection ;
 lifting lugs for handling of transformer with its enclosure ;
 1 bolted panel on the MV side for access to MV connections and tapping points,
fitted with 2 handles, an “electrical hazard” warning label (signal T10), a rating plate
and a visible braid for earthing ;
630 kVA - 20 kV/400 V
 drilled holes (with covers) on the left of the bolted MV side panel, intended for the
mounting of an ELP1 type or a Profalux type P1 keylock ;
 2 panels to be drilled to pass the cables through cable glands on the enclosure
roof: 1 MV side, 1 LV side (pilot holes and cable glands not supplied) ;
 1 gland plate situated on lower right hand MV side for possible incoming MV cable
connection from below.

technology and construction

Trihal, entirely designed and produced by France Transfo benefits from two key patented
processes :

a linear voltage gradient from the top to bottom of HV coil ;

a fireproof casting system.

This technology, patented by France Transfo is implemented in the Ennery plant in

France. The companies large production capacity ensures deliveries meet clients
particular needs.

quality system
The certificate issued by AFAQ (French Association for Quality Assurance) states that
Trihal transformers are manufactured in accordance with a quality system in compliance
with the international standard ISO 9001.

environmental protection
France Transfo, European leader in cast resin distribution transformers, is the first French
manufacturer to be certified to ISO 14001 in this sector, and has been so since 1998.
Trihal, is designed and produced to be environmentally friendly, providing an ecological
response for MV/LV transformers.
Environmental protection is integrated in management systems in order to promote the
protection of all natural resources and continuously improve conditions for a clean envi-
ronment.
Product design focuses on minimising environmental impact.

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P001_032.fm Page 6 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

technology

Very low partial discharge level (
10 pC)

( provides an excellent impulse strength.

magnetic core
The magnetic core is made from laminations of grain oriented silicone steel insulated with
mineral oxide.
The choice and grade of steel and the cutting pattern and method of assembly minimises
the loss level and the no-load current with the effect of a very low noise level.
Once assembled, it is corrosion protected using a class F, oven-dried alkyd resin.

low voltage winding

The low voltage winding is made of either aluminium or copper foil (according to
manufacturer’s preference) in order to achieve zero axial stresses under short circuit
conditions; the foil is insulated by a class F inter-layer film, pre-impregnated with
heat-activated, epoxy resin.
magnetic core in assembling
The ends of the winding are protected and insulated using a class F insulator, coated with
heat-activated epoxy resin.

The whole winding is polymerised by being placed in an autoclave for 2 hours at 130°C
which guarantees :
- outstanding resistance to industrial atmosphere aggression,
- excellent dielectric withstand,
- very good resistance to radial stresses under bolted short circuit conditions.
Each LV winding terminates in a tin plated aluminium or copper connection point,
enabling connections to be made without using a contact interface (grease, bi-metal
strip).
Assembly is carried out according to current practices, including using spring pressure
washers under nut and screw heads.

high voltage winding

The high voltage winding is usually wound from insulated aluminium or copper wire, using
a method developed and patented by France Transfo : “a linear voltage gradient from the
top to the bottom”.
For higher currents, the medium voltage winding may be wound using so-called “strip”
technology.
These methods are used to obtain very low stress levels between adjacent conductors.
This winding is cast and moulded under vacuum in a class F loading and fireproofed resin
: the Trihal casting system.
These processes combine to give coils of very high dielectric properties with very low
partial discharge level (guaranteed
10 Pc) which is a decisive factor in influencing
LV polymerization kiln
the transformer’s life span and its lightning impulse withstand.
MV tapping points on the copper connection bars enable connections to be made
without using a contact interface (grease, bi-metal strip). Assembly is carried out
according to current practices, including using spring pressure washers under nut and
screw heads.

winding an HV coil in strip

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technology

PROCESS DIAGRAM
high voltage casting system
Pneumatic transfer (SILICA+ALUMINA )
The system provides a vacuum cast coating of fire resistant filled resin, a technology
DRYERS
developed and patented by France Transfo.
The class F casting system comprises :

a bisphenol based epoxy resin with a suitable viscosity to ensure excellent
PRE-MIXERS impregnation of the windings ;
Colouring
an anhydride hardner modified by a flexiblishing additive. This type of hardner
(automatic
Heated dispensing) assures very good thermal and mechanical properties. The flexiblishing additive
hardener Heated resin gives the casting system the necessary elasticity to prevent cracking during
operation ;
BUFFER TANKS

an active powdered filler composed of silica and especially of trihydrated
alumina througly mixed with the resin and the hardner.
Silica reinforces the casting’s mechanical strengh and improves heat dissipation.
Continuous Continuous
circulation circulation
The trihydrated alumina guarantees the Trihal transformer's intrinsic fire performance.
DISPENSING
PUMPS The trihydrated alumina produces 3 anti-fire effects which occur in case of calcination of
the casting system (when the transformer is exposed to flames).
STATIC MIXER
- 1st anti-fire effect(1) : refracting shield of alumina.
- 2nd anti-fire effect(1) : barrier of water vapour.
Poured as required
Flow rate adjustment via outlet - 3rd anti-fire effect(1) : temperature held below the fire point.
(casting nozzle)
The result of the combination of the 3 anti-fire effects is immediate self extinguishing of
AUTO-CLAVE
the Trihal transformer (1).
Previously In addition to its dielectric qualities, the casting system gives the Trihal transformer
pre-heated excellent self extinguishing fire resistance and excellent environmental protection
To oven for against aggressive industrial atmospheres.
gelling and
6 STANDARD MOULDS PER TROLLEY polymerisation

high voltage coil casting process

The process from proportioning the resin up to polymerization, is fully controlled by
microprocessor, preventing any inopportune manual operation.
The trihydrated alumina and the silica are vacuum dried and degased to eliminate all
traces of humidity and air which could degrade the casting systems dielectric
characteristics.
Half is mixed with the resin and half with the hardner under hard vacuum and controlled
temperature, to give two homogenous premixes.
A new thin film degassing precedes the final mixing. Vacuum casting is then carried out
in dried and pre-heated moulds at an optimal impregnation temperature.
The polymerization cycle begins with a gelification at 80°C and ends with a long
polymerization at 140°C.
These temperatures are close to those of a transformer in service, enabling mechanical
stresses to be eliminated which could lead to the coating cracking.

HV casting process
(1) See page 15 : the anti-fire effects are represented on a section of Trihal coil.

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option
thermal protection

( The first level of Trihal protection is

by the temperature control device.

The Trihal cast resin transformer can be protected from any damaging temperature rises
by monitoring winding temperature using various pieces of optional equipment.

Z thermal protection
The standard version for naturally cooled (AN) transformers comprises :

2 PTC sensor sets, positive temperature co-efficient thermistances mounted in

series : the first set for alarm 1, the second set for alarm 2. The main feature of a PTC
sensor is the fact that the value of its resistance increases very steeply at a rated and
factory-set threshold temperature which is not adjustable (see graph opposite). This
abrupt increase is detected by a Z electronic converter. These sensors are installed
in the live part of the Trihal transformer with one alarm 1 sensor and one alarm 2
sensor on each phase. They are placed in a tube, which enables them to be replaced
as necessary.

power supply
to measurement Alarm 2 Alarm 1
thresold circuits 150°C 140°C

characteristic graph of a PTC sensor

A1 A2 PE 24 21 22 14 11 12 08 05
Alarm 2

Alarm 1

Fan/Al1

ON

SENSOR
K2 K1 K0
ALARM 2 K2

ALARM 1 K1/K0

FAN K0

RESET
TEST

T T2 T1 T0 T

Third measurement
Please note the polarity circuit shunted by
for direct current ! a resistance
R (on request, third set
of PTC sensors
A1 A2 PE 24 21 22
for the ventilator).
Alarm 2

(+) (–)

K2
connection
terminal

Transformer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TRIHAL

3 PTC 3 PTC
sensors sensors
Alarm 2 Alarm 1

Z thermal protection connection diagram (normal use) equipment de-energised

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option
thermal protection

1 terminal block to connect the PTC sensors to the Z electronic converter.

The terminal is equipped with a plug-in connector. The PTC sensors are supplied
connected to the terminal, attached to the top part of the transformer.

1 Z electronic converter characterised by 3 independent measurement circuits. 2 of
these circuits respectively control the variation in resistance in the 2 PTC sensor sets.
When the temperature increases too much, alarm 1 (or alarm 2) information is
processed respectively by the 2 independent output relays equipped with a
changeover contact; the status of these 2 relays is indicated via 2 LED diodes.
The third measurement circuit is shunted by a resistance R outside of the terminal
block; it can control a third set of PTC sensors as long as this resistance is removed. In
this case (“forced air” option available on request), the FAN information is processed
by a third independent output relay, equipped with a closing contact and is intended to
control fans; the position of this relay is shown by an LED diode marked FAN.
In the case of one of these 3 sensor circuits failing (power failure or short circuit), an
LED diode marked SENSOR lights up and indication of the incriminated circuit flashes.
An LED diode marked ON signals the presence of voltage to the terminal block.

supply voltage (1) AC 230 V*

terminal block to connect sensors to the electronic converter voltage tolerance – 15 % to + 10 %
frequency 48 to 62 Hz
measurement
input power
5 VA
circuits
Cumulated resistance of a PTC
sensor circuit for non-activation  1500 W
of the converter
maximum switching voltage AC 415 V
maximum switching current 5A
switching capacity AC 2000 VA
(ohmic load)
rated permanent current AC 2 A
alarm output and rated operating current AC 2 A under 400 V
switching contact recommended upstream fuse 4 A fast
life expectancy mechanical 3 x 107 switching
electrical (at maximum power) 105 switching
0.50 max. with power
load reduction coefficient
factor ϕ = 0.30
permissible ambient
0° C to + 55° C
temperature range
overall dimensions (H x W x D) 90 x 105 x 60 mm
weight 250 g
Z electronic terminal
converter protection index IP 20
block
casing IP 20
maximum connection capacity
1 x 2.5 mm2 rigid
to one terminal
fixing method either on DIN 35 mm rail
or with M4 screw
The forced ventilation option for AF transformers is detailed page 12.
.

(1) must be specified at the order .

* standardization version. Other voltage on request : AC/DC 24 to 240V tolerance ± 15%.

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option
thermal protection

T thermal protection
This thermal protection device gives a digital display of winding temperatures and
includes :

PT100 sensors.
The main feature of a PT100 sensor is that it gives the real time temperature on a
scale of 0°C to 200°C, see graph opposite
(accuracy  0.5 % of the measurement scale 1 deg.).
Temperature control and display functions are performed via a digital thermometer.
The 3 sensors, each comprising 1 white wire and 2 red wires, are installed in the live
part of the Trihal transformer with 1 located on each phase.
They are placed in a tube, which allows them to be replaced if necessary.

1 terminal block to connect the PT100 sensors to the T digital thermometer.

The terminal block is equipped with a plug-in connector.
PT100 sensors are supplied connected to the terminal block fixed to the top part of the
transformer.
characteristic graph of a PT100 sensor

1 T digital thermometer characterised by 3 independent circuits.

2 of the circuits monitor the temperature captured by the PT100 sensors, one for
alarm 1, the other for alarm 2. When the temperature reaches 140°C (or 150°C) the
alarm 1 information (or alarm 2) is processed by 2 independent output relays
equipped with changeover contacts.
PT100 sensors fitted PT100 sensors outside
in the transformer of the transformer The position of these relays is indicated by 2 diodes (LED).
transformer The third circuit monitors sensor or electrical supply failure.
columns
The corresponding relay (FAULT), which is independent and equipped with
terminal block changeover contacts, is instantly switched as soon as the device is supplied power.
mounted on
Its position is also indicated by a diode (LED).
white

the transformer
red
red

A FAN output is intended to control the start up of tangential fans in the case of forced
FAN 2 ventilation of the transformer (AF) : this option is shown on page 12.
ventilation An additional input (CH4) can be connected to a sensor outside of the transformer (not
(outside
RS 232 or of the supplied), intended to measure ambient temperature in the MV/LV substation.
RS 485 series transformer) An RS 232 or RS 485 series output is available for connection to a plc or computer.
output
24 - 220 V
supply
AC/DC

supply voltage (1) 24 V to 220 V AC/DC

monitoring transformer
measurement
frequency 50-60 Hz AC/DC
of sensor ventilation circuits
failures (AF) 130 C 10 VA AC/DC
input power
operating principle diagram for the T digital thermometer maximum switching voltage 250 V AC
maximum switching current 5 A (resistive circuit)
rated permanent/operating current 2 A under 220 V AC/DC
alarm output
and tripping recommended upstream fuse 3A
contact life expectancy mechanical 20 000 000 switching
electrical 50 000 h/85°C
0.50 max. power factor
load reduction coefficient
ϕ = 0.30
operating conditions
permissible ambient temperature – 20° C to + 60° C
ambient humidity 90% RH (non condensable)
overall dimensions (H x W x D) 96 x 96 x 130 mm
T digital
thermometer weight 520 g
terminal block protection index IP 54 self extinguishing
maximum connection capacity 25 mm2
on one terminal
92 x 92 mm, flush hole,
fixing method attached with two rear
(1) universal supply irrespective of polarity. pressure hooks

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P001_032.fm Page 11 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

option
thermal protection

T thermal protection options available are :

- FAN 2 output variant to control the start up of an additional fan.
- RS 232 or RS 485 series output variant for PLC or computer.
The T digital thermometer is delivered with an installation manual.

Please note : since the transformer is thermal class F, the user has responsibility for
setting the T digital thermometer with a maximum temperature of 140°C for alarm 1 and
150°C for alarm 2.
Non compliance with these maximum temperatures release France Transfo from any
liability for damage which may possibly be incurred by the transformer.

dial type temperature indicator

This device visibly indicates the temperature of LV winding. The thermometer's dial is
either installed on the upper crossbar of the transformer with the bracket supplied or on
the front panel of the protective enclosure.
The bulb of the capillary sensor is inserted in a tube placed in the transformer's central
LV winding.
This thermometer has two changeover contacts, switching on two adjustable
temperature thresholds (alarm : 140°C and trip : 150°C).

This thermal protection is not suitable to control fans.

dial thermometer for transformer without enclosure (IP00)

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P001_032.fm Page 12 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

option
forced ventilation

( Trihal well integrated in its environment.

In the event of temporary overloading, to avoid overheating of the windings, it is possible

to install forced ventilation.
For IP00, for powers greater than 630 kVA, it is possible to install forced ventilation to
achieve a temporary increase in power of 25%, without any special modification.
In all cases, this temporary increase of 25% can be obtained if detailed on ordering, and
can even be taken as high as 40%.

However, if an increase in power is requested, account must be taken of the impact of

this choice on the following points :
- sections of cables and of Prefabricated Busbar Trunking (PBT),
- the rating of the transformer's protective circuit breaker,
- the size of inlet and outlet openings for air in the transformer room,
- the life span of fans in service, which is considerably shortened compared with that of
the transformer (3.5 compared to 30 years).

This option includes the supply of :

- 2 sets of tangential fans, pre-cabled and connected to 1 single power connector per set,
- 1 temperature measurement device, either Z or T type.
For Z type, a third set of PTC sensors is added to the standard thermal protection,
in place of the R resistor which originally shunts the third Z converter measurement circuit
(see diagram shown on the “Z thermal protection” option).
tangential fans on IP00 For T type, the digital converter comprises an output (FAN) intended to start the tangential
fans (see diagram shown in the T thermal protection option).

This option includes either of the following, dependant on type of transformer :

a wiring box, mounted outside of the protective enclosure, to which are
connected, sensors and power supplies for the fan sets on a terminal block,

a control cabinet, delivered separately (transformer IP00) or mounted on the
protective enclosure, including :
- motor protection fuses,
- start up contactors,
- thermal protection device.
This unit is connected to the temperature sensors and fan sets if the transformer is
delivered as IP31. Otherwise, it is the installer who makes the connections.

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P001_032.fm Page 13 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

option
connection

low voltage connection :

Cable ducting interface
Connection using Prefabricated Busbar Trunking (PBT) provides advantages in terms of
safety and also saves time during connection, also enabling an installation to be
produced in conformity with NF C 15100.
This solution ensures maximum safety for people and property due to its outstanding fire
behaviour, in line with that of Trihal. It also ensures the absence of halogenated products,
which is not the case for cabling.
Moreover, this harmony can also be found in terms of electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC) : in line with IEC 60076-1, amendment 1 dated September 1999, transformers are
«considered as passive elements as regards to emissions and immunity to electromagne-
tic disturbances». For PBT, the concentrating of conductors limits electromagnetic radia-
tion produced by high currents, as opposed to cables.
The option includes the connection interface, together with the junction block, with the
whole assembly delivered already mounted on the LV cable connectors.
If the protective enclosure is provided for the transformer, a removable aluminium plate
is screwed to the roof, vertically relative to the junction block.
It will be adapted on site in order to fit the sealing system connecting the PBT and thus
enabling the ducting to comply with IP54.
If the transformer enclosure is supplied, the sealing system is supplied with the PBT.

Additional cable connectors

In the case of connection using a large number of cables, additional cable connectors can
be supplied. It should be noted that the french UTE C15-105 guide dated June 1999
recommends not exceeding 4 cables per LV phase, and recommends the use of PBT
beyond this limit.

medium voltage connection

Plug-in bushings
MV connections are always made using cables, terminated with cable lugs or square or
angled, separable connectors (in this case, cable characteristics must be given).
These connectors, fitted to the end of the cable, are then connected to plug-in bushings
which are delivered and fitted :
- on a horizontal panel, on the top part of the MV side for transformers without a protective
enclosure (IP00),
- on the enclosure roof, MV side, for transformers with a IP31 protective enclosure.
A locking system for connectors can also be supplied and installed in plug-in bushings.
This system is delivered without any keylocks, but is prepared ready for a keylock either
RONIS type ELP 11 AP – ELP 1 – ELP 2 or PROFALUX type P1 – P2 – V11 and V21.

250 A MV plug-in bushings and separable connectors on IP31

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options
protective enclosure
vibration damper
network protection
infre-red measurement
porthole

protective enclosure
This comes in various versions, according to the protective index required :
Indoor type with protective enclosure IP31 and IK7
This enclosure is particularly well suited to installation in work areas in order to provide
protection of people and property.

Outdoor type, pole-mounted with protective enclosure IP33 and IK7

Outdoor type, pad-mounted with protective enclosure IP35 and IK10

The IP and IK protective indices refer to the following criteria :

IP protection indices
IK protection indices
First Figure Second Figure
definition protection against
definition protection against protection against mechanical impact
solid bodies liquids
scale** 0 to 10
scale 0 to 6 0 to 8
IK7 protection against mecha-
protects against protects against nical impact
2 joules
protective enclosure IP31, IK7 IP 31 solid bodies vertical splashing
 2.5 mm by water IK10 protection against mecha-
nical impact
20 joules
protects against protects against
IP 21 solid bodies vertical splashing ** 0 = no protection
 12 mm by water
protects against protects against
IP 35 solid bodies water jets from
 2.5 mm all directions

On request, the protective enclosure can be delivered dismantled, protected in a

transport crate (see attached photo) for on-site assembly, with the help of erecting
instructions.
Please consult us.

vibration damping
Roller anti vibration pads
This accessory placed under the rollers, avoids vibrations being transmitted from the
transformer to its environment.
Damper unit
This device is installed in place of the castor and enables transmission of vibrations to the
transformer environment to be attenuated by around 95 %.

network protection
LV overvoltage limiter
This CARDEW-C, type device meets the requirements of standard NF C 63 150 ; it is
intended to protect isolated (or impedent) neutral type LV networks against overvoltages.
This device cannot be installed on LV busbars, or inside the protective enclosure since its
ambient operating temperature must not exceed 40°C.
enclosure transport box for assembling on site
MV surge arrestor
This device is a disconnecting device which has the function of eliminating overvoltages
from the MV network to earth in order to protect the transformer. It is in conformity with
IEC standard 99.4, 10 kA, class 1. It can be installed in the protective enclosure, in the
lower part on the MV side, as long as insulation distances are complied with relative to
the insulation class.

porthole for infra-red measurement

This device enables continuous viewing of LV connections in order to carry out infra-red
thermographic temperature measurement on these connections at any time, without
interrupting power supply to the transformer which is being checked.

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P001_032.fm Page 15 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

tests

(
Immediate self extinguishing.
The HD 464 S1* standard defines 3 tests
on one and the same dry standard transformer.

1st anti-fire effect : refracting shield

fire behaviour tests
The fire behaviour test of the Trihal transformer’s casting system is made up of tests on
material and a test F1 according to the HD 464 S1 standard.

tests on material
Tests on specimens of the Trihal casting resin were carried out by
independent laboratories.
 decomposition products :
2nd anti-fire effect : barrier of water The analysis and quantity of gases produced by the material’s pyrolisis are carried out ac-
vapour
cording to the clauses of standard NF X 70.100, identical to those of standard UTE C
20454.
Pyrolisis are carried out at 400, 600 and 800°C on specimens weighing approximately
1 gramme each. This test was carried out by le Laboratoire Central Préfecture de Paris
(Central Laboratory Prefecture of Paris).
 test results :
The table below indicates the average field (in mass of gas/mass of material) obtained
from the values of the three tests carried out at 400, 600 and 800°C. The NS indication
3rd anti-fire effect : temperature held signifies the results are close to the limit of sensitivity thus lacking precision and therefore
below the fire point
non-significant. The 0 indication signifies that the gases are absent or that their contents
are below the equipments sensitivity.

Central Laboratory Prefecture of Paris

Test certificate number 1140/86 on December 2nd 1986

Decomposition products : gas content/temperatures

400°C 600°C 800°C
Carbon monoxide CO 2.5% 3.7% 3.4%
ance Carbon dioxide CO2 5.2% 54.0% 49.1%
mpli d
in co standar Hydrochloric acid HCI in the form of CI- 0 NS NS
ith the -S1*
w 38.1 Hydrobromic acid HBr in the form of Br- 0 0 0
HD 5
Hydrocyanic acid HCN in the form of CN- 0 NS NS
Hydroflouric acid HF in the form of F- 0 0 0
Sulphurous anhydride SO2 0.2% 0.17% 0.19%
Nitrogen monoxide NO 0 NS NS
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 0 NS NS

test F1
(as per the HD 464 S1 standard appendix ZC.3)

The STELF Laboratory of the National Prevention

Trihal transformer coil after the test F1 and Protection Center in France. CESY Laboratory in Italy
Test report n° PN94 4636 dated 19th avril 1994 Test report n° BC-97/024136
630 kVA n° 601896.01
Real
temperature (∆T)
 test method
420 C A complete Trihal transformer column (HV+LV+core) was placed in the chamber descri-
maximum bed in IEC 332-3 (relevant to electric cables).
369 C
limit The test was started when the alcohol in the tank (initial level 40 mm) was ignited and
for test
when the 24 kW radiant panel was switched on. Test time was 60 minutes in compliance
with standard
140 C
 evaluation of results
80 C The temperature rise was measured throughout the test. In compliance with the stan-
54 C Trihal dard, it remained lower than
à 420°C.
0 C
 t = 45 mn : temperature rise was 85°C (
140°C, and in compliance with standard)
0' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50' 60' 70' Time
- switching on of 14' to 18' 40' test
see figure 1,
radiant panel end of alcohol radiant pannel procedure  t = 60 mn : temperature rise was 54°C (
80°C, and in compliance with standard)
- ignition of alcohol tank combustion switched off
see figure 1.
figure 1
No components such as hydrochloric acid (HCI), hydrocyanic acid (HCN), hydrobromic
acid (HBr), hydrofluoric acid (HF), sulphur dioxide (SO2),
* CENELEC European Harmonisation Document.
formic aldehyde (HCOH) were detected.
Trihal classified F1.

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P001_032.fm Page 16 Mardi, 12. juin 2001 11:03 11

tests

(
Trihal is resistant to load variations,
overloads
and atmospheric disturbances.

climatic tests

test C2a
(as per the HD 464 S1*standard appendix ZB.3.2.a)
Thermal shock

Kema laboratory in Holland CESY Laboratory in Italy

Test report n° 31813.00-HSL 94-1258 Test report n° AT-97/038547
630 kVA n° 601896.01

The standard HD 538.1-S1 imposes lower than or equal to 20 pC.

The result for Trihal transformer was  2 pC (1).
No flashover or breakdown occured during the dielectric tests.

figure 1 : test C2a
test C2b in addition**

(as per the standard appendix ZB.2.2.b)
Thermal shock

KEMA laboratory in Holland

Test report n° 31882.00-HSL 94-1259

The standard HD 538.1-S1 imposes lower than or equal to 20 pC.

The result for Trihal transformer was  2 pC(1).
No flashover or breakdown occured during the dielectric tests.
Trihal classified C2.

environment tests
figure 2 : test C2b

test E2a
(as per the HD 464 S1* standard appendix ZA.2.2.a)
Condensation and humidity

KEMA laboratory in Holland CESY Laboratory in Italy

Test report n° 31813.00-HSL 94-1258 Test report n° AT-97/038547
630 kVA n° 601896.01

1 - condensation tests

Humidity was maintained by continuous water vaporization above 93% (figure 3).
Within 5 mn of the end of the vaporization, the Trihal transformer was subjected, in the
climatic chamber, to an induced voltage test at 1.1 Um its rated voltage for 15 mn.
No flashover or breakdown occured.
figure 3 : test E2a
2 - humidity tests

At the end of this period, the Trihal transformer was subjected to applied voltage and
induced voltage tests at 75% of standard values.
No flashover or breakdown occured.

test E2b in addition**

(as per the HD 464 S1 standard appendix ZA.2.2.b)
Condensation and humidity

KEMA laboratory in Holland

Test report n° 31882.00-HSL 94-1259

The Trihal transformer was immersed in salted water at room ambient temperature for a
figure 4: test E2b
period of 24 hours (figure 4).

Within the 5 mn, of removal from the water, the Trihal transformer was subjected to an
induced voltage test at 1.1 Um its rated voltage for 15 mn.
* CENELEC European Harmonization Document.
** two methods (a or b) of manufacturer choice. No flashover or breakdown occured.
(1) Trihal transformers are guaranteed 10pC.
Trihal classified E2.

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