CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The advantages & disadvantages of learning online using multiple

platform

2.2.1 Microsoft Team

2.2.2 Google Meet

2.3 Level of effectiveness of running online engineering survey

Program

2.3.1 Data effectiveness base on Semester 4 Geomatic Survey

student in google form

2.3.2 Data effectiveness I chart

2.4 Summary

2.5 Reference
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Online learning is the newest and most popular form of distance education
today. Within the past decade it had a major impact on post secondary
education and the trend is only increasing. In this workshop we will explore
what the experience of online learning is like for student and how it has
changed the role of the instructor.

Online learning is education that takes place over the Internet. It is often
referred to as “elearning” among other terms. However, online learning is just
one type of “distance learning” - the umbrella term for any learning that takes
place across distance and not in a traditional classroom

By far the most popular approach today is online learning. According to the
Sloan Consortium, online enrollments continue to grow at rates faster than for
the broader student population and institutes of higher education expect the
rate of growth to continue increasing. Some of the key findings:

• Over 1.9 million students were studying online in the fall of 2003.

• Schools expect the number of online students to grow to over 2.6 million by
the fall of 2004.

• Schools expect online enrollment growth to accelerate — the expected

average growth rate for online students for 2004 is 24.8%, up from 19.8% in
2003. • The majority of all schools (53.6%) agree that online education is
critical to their long-term strategy.

• A majority of academic leaders believe that online learning quality is already

equal to or superior to face-to-face instruction. (The “no significant difference”
phenomenon.)
2.2 THE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ONLINE LEARNING
USING MULTIPLE PLATFORM
The Sloan Consortium (Sloan-C), the leading professional organization devoted
to advancing the quality of online learning worldwide today announced the
organization is changing its name to the “Online Learning Consortium” (OCL).

The Online Learning Consortium (OCL) is the leading professional organization

devoted to advancing the quality of online learning worldwide. The member-
sustained organization offers an extensive set of resources for professional
development and institutional advancement of online learning, including,
research, leading-edge instruction, best-practice publications, community-
driven conferences and expert guidance.

OLC members include educators, administers, trainers and other online

learning professionals, as well as educational institutions, professional
societies and corporate enterprises.

2.2.1 MICROSOFT TEAMS

Since the COVID-19 outbreak hit the world, all higher education institutions
around the country has implemented online learning and teaching methods to
avoid delays studies given that the current semester is still in progress. It is
estimated that over 421 million students have been affected by the closure of
educational institutions involving 39 countries while 22 countries decided to
close part of the operation their local studies. According to Golzari, Kiamanesh,
Ghoorchian & Jafari (2010), the use of online learning platforms is an
appropriate strategy to improve the quality in the teaching and learning
process especially in today’s 4.0 industry era. Therefore, the use of the
Microsoft Teams application has been chosen as the primary platform for
running sessions synchronous teaching and learning in addition to the existing
learning platform already adopted in POLISAS. The application is integrated
directly into Microsoft Office 360 allowing a subscribing person or institution
to connect, communicate, collaborate, and perform all activities easily and
quickly allowing the community to collaborate live and share files from one
place, even lecturers and students can meet virtually as in a lecture hall. There
are several studies that have been conducted recently to examine the level of
readiness of students to learn online. In addition, lecturers and students also
provided some internet network assistance facilities and free application
access for successful classes and tutorials such as Microsoft Teams which is the
main learning and teaching platform at POLISAS during the Movement Control
(MCO) Command phase.
2.2.2 Google Meet
Information related to the readiness to use Google Meet as an online teaching
and learning platform among student teachers can provide an overview
directly about the willingness of teachers to implement PdPc online. This
information will benefit various parties such as schools, PPD, JPN and KPM who
play a role directly in helping teachers improve online PdPC delivery. Under
Wave 1 of PPPM 2013-2025, KPM will ensure that the basic infrastructure and
competencies are always available throughout the system and are not tied to
any specific technology platform. The priority given is to ensure that students
and teachers have adequate access to ICT equipment. J.J Arias et.al (2018) who
made a comparative study between face -to -face learning and online learning
concluded that the cost of conducting online learning is cheaper and students
living far away in rural areas are also able to follow the learning effectively.
Ismael K.Forson’s (2019) study concluded that students who follow PdPc online
have knowledge, can form discussion groups, give constructive feedback and
can collaborate effectively with classmates. Alanazy’s (2018) study of teachers
’willingness to integrate online learning.
The findings of the study showed that the readiness of teacher students to
implement PdPc online using Google Meet as an online platform was at a high
level with an overall mean of 3.34 and a standard deviation of 0.669. Item 20 “I
always use Google Meet because this software is user friendly has the highest
mean (mean = 3.74 and sp = 0.441). The lowest mean is in item 9, "I have a
special room equipped with internet facilities at home" (mean = 2.83 and sp =
0.943). This shows that most respondents do not have complete facilities such
as computers, internet facilities and rooms which is dedicated to implementing
PdPc online This study was also supported by Khadijah Abdul Rahaman et.al
2018, who found that religious teachers in Selangor were willing to follow
PdPC online and be positive towards its use. According to him, when
implementing PdPc online, teachers need to take into account strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A study conducted by Al-Maqtri M.A.T
(2014) found that students taking English language courses at King Khalid
University, Arabia

2.3 The level of effectiveness of running the program online

The National e-Learning Policy of Higher Education Institutions defines e-
learning as the use of information and communication technology to facilitate
the process learning and teaching. While Muzafar & Hasmadi (2019) who
discuss e-learning readiness factors for students undergoing industrial training,
concludes the definition of e-learning is geared towards the use of electronic
media and technology information and communication (ICT) as well as learning
that is open, flexible and scattered. Yusup (2012), in his paper discusses the
use of e-learning effective in PdP as well as models and best practices of e-
learning use especially online learning. He found many studies showed that e-
learning has increased the effectiveness of education or training systems in
institutions higher education (IPT) especially in institutions that practice open
and distance education remote or who adopt a blended learning mode. He also
stated the institution higher education uses e-learning approach in two general
methods namely fully online or blended learning which is a combination of
conventional or face -to -face learning and online learning and teaching.
D.Surani & Hamidah (2020) in their study to identify students' perceptions of
online learning at Universiti Bina Bangsa, Serang, Indonesia found 80%
respondents are willing to pursue online learning, 62% of respondents stated
online learning was beneficial and 32% stated difficulties encountered while
pursuing online learning is to understand the content learning. In the study, he
summarized the implementation of deep learning lines need to be planned,
implemented and evaluated for their effectiveness in order to reduce obstacles
and problems encountered and at the same time to maximizing the
achievement of learning outcomes. According to Ally, M. (2008) online learning
is the use of the internet for access learning materials; interact with content,
instructors, and fellow students; get support during the learning process in
order to gain knowledge, build something meaningful and be able to grow as a
result of experience learning. While the study by Hussein, Z. (2017) stated is
very important for educators to ensure that e-learning can benefit and
enhance student learning outcomes as well as provide more excellent teaching
techniques for better learning outcomes. The benefits of online learning have
been widely debated by previous researchers. According to Hargis et al., (2013)
online learning is a learning process which is effective and efficient

2.3.1 Data effectiveness base on Semester 4 Geomatic Survey

Student in google form

Respondents consider of 4 classes from Semester 4 which is from

DGU5A, DGU5B DGU5C and DGU5D. Respondents from classes A,B,C
and D have the same number, respectively (23.1%). While the
number of respondents for DGU5D was the highest compared to the
others 3 classes (30.8%). These respondents need to answer
questions about the effectiveness of the survey camp in Google
Form.
2.3.2 Data effectiveness in chart

Based on the analysis of data performed, the level of effectiveness in

the online survey camp is good. The result is good efficacy is as much
as 60% and for excellent as much as 20%. Meanwhile, the
effectiveness of the medium is the is the same as the excellent that is
20%. Weak effectiveness is the lowest (10%). This data is obtained
from students of 4 classes from geomatics survey course.
2.4 Summary
Online learning and teaching is an alternative that can help educators to
implement the learning process in the COVID-19 pandemic. Results studies
have found a high level of effectiveness indicating that learning and online
teaching provides opportunities to a new generation with activities better
learning and communication regardless of time and place factors. A thorough
study of every aspect of online learning is necessary because online learning at
POLISAS is still in its infancy especially implementation of assessment
holistically. By using various methods and scopes research allows us to know
the effectiveness, feasibility, needs, barriers and problems encountered in
implementing learning and online teaching. The results of this study are
expected to help the relevant parties to take consider the need to improve
skills in the use of information and communication technology new ones
needed to implement the transformation of the education system especially in
POLISAS.

2.5 Reference
https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/552219

https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/76874/BERITA/Nasional/Cabaran-
mengajar-dalam-talian

http://ipgktb.edu.my/iconfed2020/e_proceedings/bm/tema_a/FP043_A_KESE
DIAAN%20PENGGUNAAN%20GOOGLE%20MEET%20SEBAGAI%20PLATFORM%
20PENGAJARAN%20DAN%20PEMBELAJARAN%20DALAM%20TALIAN%20BAGI
%20SISWA%20GURU%20DI%20INSTITUT%20PENDIDIKAN%20GURU%20KAMP
US%20SULTAN%20ABDUL%20HALIM.pdf

https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6838/1/PENERIMAAN
%20PELAJAR%20UNIVERSITI%20SAINS%20ISLAM%20MALAYSIA%20%28USIM%
29%20TERHADAP%20PENGGUNAAN%20MICROSOFT%20TEAMS%20SEBAGAI%
20PLATFORMPEMBELAJARAN%20%E2%80%93SATU%20TINJAUAN.pdf

http://www.wlac.edu/online/documents/otl.pdf

https://onlinelearningconsortium.org/news_item/the-sloan-consortium-
changes-name-to-online-learning-consortium/