Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2019

Pearson Edexcel GCE Further Mathematics

Further Pure 1 Paper 6667_01
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Summer 2019
Publications Code 8FM0_21_1906_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
 General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also
be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide
the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS
General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

 M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and attempting to
apply it’, unless otherwise indicated.
 A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks
have been earned.
 B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
 Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark
schemes.
 bod – benefit of doubt
 ft – follow through
 the symbol will be used for correct ft
 cao – correct answer only
 cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the
question to obtain this mark
 isw – ignore subsequent working
 awrt – answers which round to
 SC: special case
 oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
 dep – dependent
 indep – independent
 dp decimal places
 sf significant figures
  The answer is printed on the paper
 The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially
simplify it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question
affected.

5. Where a candidate has made multiple responses and indicates which response
they wish to submit, examiners should mark this response.
If there are several attempts at a question which have not been crossed out,
examiners should mark the final answer which is the answer that is the most
complete.

6. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

7. Mark schemes will firstly show the solution judged to be the most common
response expected from candidates. Where appropriate, alternatives
answers are provided in the notes. If examiners are not sure if an answer is
acceptable, they will check the mark scheme to see if an alternative answer
is given for the method used.
 General Principles for Further Pure Mathematics Marking
(But note that specific mark schemes may sometimes override these general principles)

Method mark for solving 3 term quadratic:

1. Factorisation
( x2  bx  c)  ( x  p)( x  q), where pq  c , leading to x  ...

(ax2  bx  c)  (mx  p)(nx  q), where pq  c and mn  a , leading to

x  ...
2. Formula
Attempt to use the correct formula (with values for a, b and c)

3. Completing the square

2
 b
Solving x2  bx  c  0 :  x    q  c  0, q  0 , leading to x  ...
 2
Method marks for differentiation and integration:
1. Differentiation
n 1
Power of at least one term decreased by 1. ( x  x )
n

2. Integration
n 1
Power of at least one term increased by 1. ( x  x )
n

Use of a formula
Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the
advice given in recent examiners’ reports is that the formula should
be quoted first.
Normal marking procedure is as follows:
Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it,
even if there are small errors in the substitution of values.
Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained
by implication from correct working with values but may be lost if
there is any mistake in the working.

Exact answers
Examiners’ reports have emphasised that where, for example, an
exact answer is asked for, or working with surds is clearly required,
marks will normally be lost if the candidate resorts to using rounded
decimals.
Question
Number Scheme Notes Marks
1 f  z   z 3  az 2  bz  26

Mark parts (a) and (b) together. Condone work in x

(a) Indicated as a root. “z = –2 – 3i” or –2 – 3i
in a list of solutions is sufficient. Could be
–2 – 3i is also a root B1
implied later e.g., by work for the first
method mark.
Sum = (3i – 2) + (–2 – 3i) [= –4] M1: Correct method (Any of the statements
and product = (3i – 2) (–2 – 3i) [=13] is sufficient) and obtains quadratic with real
OR (z – (3i – 2))(z – (–2 – 3i)) coefficients
M1A1
OR (z + 2)2 = (±3i)2
⟹... A1: Correct quadratic
z2 + 4z + 13
M1: A valid method which finds a real
solution or linear factor. Can be implied e.g.
–26 –26
(z + c ) or (z =) − c from their quadratic,
condoning sign errors.
 2

f  z   z  4 z  13  z  2   z  2 Do not accept (z + a – 4) or (z =) 4 – a (e.g.,
from long division) until a real value for a is
M1A1
substituted
A1: (z =) 2. Note “z =” is not required but
it must be clear that “2” is a root. “z =
2” or 2 in a list of solutions is sufficient
f(z) = (z – 2)(z – (3i – 2))(z – (–2 – 3i)) = 0 scores 11110 if the “2” is not “extracted”
(5)
Alt Indicated as a root. “z = –2 – 3i” or –2 – 3i
–2 – 3i is also a root in a list of solutions is sufficient. Could be B1
Product implied later.
of three z1 z2 z3 = (3i – 2)(–2 – 3i) z3 M1: Correct method and obtains kz3
roots M1A1
→ 13z3 A1: 13z3
d
M1: Sets their kz3 equal to – a and obtains
root (or factor), condoning sign errors.
–26
13z3 = – 1
→ z3 = 2 A1: (z =) 2. Note “z =” is not required but M1A1
it must be clear that “2” is a root. “z =
2” or 2 in a list of solutions is sufficient
Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number

Obtains a computed value for a or b from appropriate work, e.g.,

(b)
z 2
 4 z  13  z  2    z 3   4 z 2  13z  2 z 2  8 z  26 
Compares coefficients in z or z2 and obtains a value for a or b
Or uses z = 4 – a to compare coefficients of at least the constant term and obtains a
value for a or b
[ (z2 + 4z + 13)(z + (a – 4)) = z3 + (4 + a – 4)z2 + (13 + 4(a – 4))z + 13(a – 4)]

OR
Uses long division of quadratic into cubic and sets one of their coefficients of their
remainder of the form cz + d (where c and d are real functions of a or b or both) equal
to zero to obtain a value for a or b M1
[Correct quotient is z + a – 4 and correct equations are
b – 13 – 4(a – 4) = 0 and – 26 – 13(a – 4) = 0]

OR

Substitutes and expands to find f(3i – 2) or f(–2 – 3i), sets equal to zero, equates real
and imaginary parts to obtain 2 real equations in a and b and obtains a value for a or b
[Correct equations are 5a + 2b = 20 and 4a – b = 3]

Correct value for a or b (from correct

a  2 or b  5 A1
work)
a  2 and b  5 Both values correct A1
Accept the embedded values from z + 2z + 5z – 26 3
(3)
Total 8
Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
2(a) Attempt to multiply all the coordinates
 9  k 3  2 7 7  appropriately.
    ... This statement oe is sufficient. M1
 4  k 2  1 1 12  Coordinate pairs could be multiplied
separately
2(9 + k) –3 7(9 + k) –3 7(9 + k) –36
( ) Deduct 1 mark for each incorrect
2(4 – k) +2 7(4 – k) +2 7(4 – k) +24
or element up to a maximum of 2 marks.
18 + 2k – 3 63 + 7k – 3 63 + 7k – 36 Accept all unsimplified and isw.
( ) A1A1
8 – 2k + 2 28 – 7k + 2 28 – 7k + 24 No requirement to extract coordinates
or from the matrix and may be given
15 + 2k 60 + 7k 27 + 7k individually as column vectors
( )
10 – 2k 30 – 7k 52 – 7k
(3)
(b) 1 Correct unsimplified expression for area
Area of triangle T = 2 (7 – 2)(12 – 1)
1 for triangle T B1
or 2 |(2 + 84 + 7) – (7 + 7 + 24)| Could come from shoelace method
M  9  k   2   4  k  3
Correct unsimplified expression for
B1
detM. Seen in part (b)
Uses 770 correctly with their numerical
area of T and their detM to give an
55
"  9  k   2   4  k   3" " "  770 equation in terms of k and attempts to
2 solve. The ± sign is not required. M1
 k  ... |detM| replaced with (detM)2 is M0
unless (detM)2 = (their 28)2

30  k  28  k  2, 58 Both values and no extra A1

(4)
Total 7
 Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
3 xy  10
(a) dy
xy  10   10 x 2 or
dx
dy
xy  10  x  y  0 or
dx Correct differentiation B1
c
c dy – 2 t
x = ct, y = ⟹ =
t dx c

Substitutes after differentiation and

2
mT  10  5 
2
or mT   finds a numerical expression for the M1
5 gradient at (5, 2). Note: t =
√10
2
1  5 Correct application of perpendicular
mN     gradient rule with a numerical gradient. M1
mT  2 Must follow attempt at differentiation.
Correct straight line method with a
5
y  2  " " x  5
changed numerical gradient. Must
M1
2 follow differentiation. If y = mx + c
is used they must reach c = ...
Any integer multiple. The “=0” is
5 x  2 y  21  0 A1
required. Seen in part (a).
Condone a non-numerical gradient if (5, 2) is substituted later, provided the final answer is a
straight line. Accept a = 5, b = –2, c = –21 or integer multiple
(5)
(b) 5 x  2 y  21  0, xy  10  Uses their normal and H to obtain
10 10 an equation in one variable. M1
5 x  2  21  0 or 5  2 y  21  0 √10
x y [Note: In t: 5√10t – 2 t – 21 = 0]
Obtains 3TQ
5x2  21x  20  0 or 2 y 2  21y  50  0 M1
[5√10t2 – 21t – 2√10 = 0]
 5 x  4  x  5  0  x  ... 2√10
Solves 3TQ (usual rules) [t = – ] M1
 2 y  25 y  2   0  y  ... 25

4 25 One correct coordinate. Must be

x or y   A1
5 2 from a correct normal
4 25 Both coordinates correct. Allow
x   and y   A1
5 2 exact equivalents
If coordinates are given in the wrong order score if identified individually elsewhere
(5)
(c) y = 0 or x = 0, 5x – 2y – 21 = 0
Way 1 21 21 Attempt x- or y-intercept of normal M1
⟹ x = 5 or y = (–) 2
1 21 1 21 25 1 21 4 1 21 Correct method for one triangle
2 triangles × ×
2 5
2 or 2 × 5
×2 OR × ×
2 2 5
or 2 × 2
× 5 M1
with their values for intercepts
(OPX and
OQX or 1 21 1 21 25 1 21 4 1 21 Fully correct method with their
× ×
2 5
2 + 2× 5
×2 OR × ×
2 2 5
+ 2× 2
× 5 M1
OPY and values for intercepts
OQY) 609 609
Area = 20
or exact equivalent e.g., 30.45 A1
20
(4)
Total 14
 (c) 1 0 5 5
4
0
Way 2 Area = Correct ft determinant M1
2 0 2  25 0
2
Shoelace 25 4
5" " or 2  " " Correct method for one ‘thread’ M1
2 5
M1: Fully correct method
1 25 4 609 609
A1: 20 or exact equivalent e.g., 30.45
5" " 2  " "  M1A1
2 2 5 20 Condone sight of negative answer if
subsequently corrected.

(c) 2  105 42  Attempt intersection of tangent through

Way 3 y   x, 5 x  2 y  21  0   ,  origin and normal obtaining M1
5  29 29  coordinates of R
1 triangle 2 2
 105   42 
OR     
 29   29  Correct use of Pythagoras for OR or
OR2 or PQ or PQ2 with their values.
or M1
2 2
Not scored as part of an attempt via
  4    25   Way 4
PQ   5        2     
  5    2 
1 441 24389 609 M1: Fully correct method
Area =   609
M1A1
2 29 100 20 A1: or exact equivalent e.g., 30.45
20

(c) OP = √52 + 22
Way 4
4 2 25 2
OQ = √(5) + ( 2 ) Attempts all three sides of their
1 triangle M1
triangle OPQ by Pythagoras
using trig 2 2
4 25
PQ = √(5 – (– 5)) + (2 – (– 2 ))

e.g., angle POQ

2
2 29√29 2
Correct method to find an angle in
√15689
( ) +(√29) –( ) M1
10 10 triangle OPQ
= arccos ( √15689
)
2× × √29
10

Variation for the above two marks:

M1: Attempts OP and OQ by Pythagoras and either angle POX or angle QOY
2 8
M1: Correct method to find both angles [POX = arctan (5), POY = arctan (125)] and
then finds angle POQ = POX + QOY + 90°
M1: Fully correct method to obtain
1 √15689
Area = 2 × ×√29 × sin 115.4633...° = a numerical expression for the area.
10 M1A1
609 Note that sin POQ = 0.9028605...
609
20 A1: 20 or exact equivalent e.g., 30.45
 (c) Attempts area of rectangle with sides
Way 5 29 29 parallel to the axes and opposite
rectangle = 5 × 2 vertices P and Q or attempts area of
Rectangle or right-angled triangle with hypotenuse M1
or 1 29 29 PQ
triangle = 2 × 5 × 2
triangle This mark is not scored if either of
minus these are given as the area of POQ
triangles
e.g. for rectangle – triangles: Correct attempts at the areas of all the
(or minus
1 29 29 1 4 29 1 29 triangles (or rectangle and triangles) M1
rectangle × × and × × and × 2 ×
2 5 2 2 5 2 2 5 whose total area is to be subtracted
and
triangles) 841 841 29 29 609 M1: Fully correct method
Area = − − − = 609 M1A1
10 20 5 5 20
A1: 20
or exact equivalent e.g., 30.45
Question
Number Scheme Notes Marks
4 1  
f  x   3x 2   5 x, g    3  6  tan  
2 x 3
Condone the use of other letters for 𝛼 and 𝛽 e.g., x1
(i)(a) Attempts both f(1) and f(2) and
obtains either f(1) = –2.5 oe or
f 1  2.5, f  2  1.646... M1
f(2) = awrt 1.6 or awrt 1.65 or
truncated 1.64
Both f(1) and f(2) correct and
conclusion.
“sign change” oe  root A1
8 – √2
Allow oe for 1.646...
4
(2)
(b) 1 
3
M1: Two terms correct
f   x  6x  x  52 M1A1
4 A1: Fully correct derivative. Isw
(2)
(c) f  2 1.64644609... Correct attempt at Newton-Raphson
  2  2 M1
f   2 7.088388348... with “2” and their values
Awrt 1.77 cao.
  1.767726241... A1
Ignore further iterations.
(2)
(ii) Attempts both g(–2) and g(–3) in
g  2  0.78684..., g  3  1.44259... radians obtaining either g(–2) = M1
awrt 0.79 or g(–3) = awrt –1.4
Correct interpolation statement with
their values. No sign errors.
g  2  g  3 0.78684... 1.4425...
Could equate gradient of line between
   end point and x-axis intercept and M1
2    3 2    3 gradient of entire line segment, e.g.,
1.4425… 0.7864… + 1.4425…
=
𝛽+3 –2 – (–3)
3  0.7868...  2 1.4425... Makes "β" the subject. Dependent
 dM1
0.7868...  1.4425... on second M1.
  2.353 –2.353 only (not awrt) A1
Trial and improvement scores a maximum of 1000
B–2 0.7864…
Allow = oe if 𝜷 = –B is used. May also find 𝛾 where 𝛽= –2 – 𝛾 etc.
3–B 1.4425…
Correct use of degrees leading to 𝛽 = – 2.003886... scores 0110
(4)
Total 10
(ii) Attempts both g(–2) and g(–3)
Alt g  2  0.78684..., g  3  1.44259... obtaining either g(–2) = awrt 0.79 or M1
g(–3) = awrt –1.4
e.g.,
Correctly finds the equation of the
m = 0.7868... + 1.4425...
line joining their (–3, g(–3)) and M1
(x1, y1) = one end point so y1 = 2.2294... x1 + c
(–2, g(–2))
⟹ c = ... (⟹ y = 2.2294... x + 5.2457...)
–5.2457… Puts y = 0 into their equation and
𝛽= dM1
2.2294… solves. Dependent on second M1.
  2.353 –2.353 only (not awrt) A1
Question
Number Scheme Notes Marks

 r  4  r   12 n  n  1  an  bn  c 
5(a) n
2 1 2

r 1
n n
4 1
 r 2  4  r    4r 2  r 3  n  n  1 2n  1  n 2  n  1
2

r 1 r 1 6 4 M1A1
M1: Expands and substitutes at least one formula correctly
A1: Fully correct expression
1
Takes out a factor of n  n  1
1 12
 n  n  1 8  2n  1  3n  n  1  having obtained a sum of two M1
12
expressions where both have n(n + 1)
as a factor
 n  n  1  3n 2  19n  8 
1
cao A1
12
(4)
(b) 20
52  9  62 10  7 2 11  ...202  24   r 2  4  r 
r 5

1
  1

 20  20  1 3  20   19  20   8  4  4  1 3  4   19  4   8
12
2

12
2
 M1
Uses their result from part (a) to find f(20) – f(4) [= 55360]
Allow errors of one unit with one or both summation limits for this mark,
i.e., f(20) – f(5) [= 55135] or f(19) – f(4) [= 45760] or f(19) – f(5) [= 45535]
1 1
52  62  7 2  ...  202   20  21 41   4  5  9  [= 2840]
6 6
Attempts sum of squares (using subtraction) from 5 or 6 to 20 or 19
[5 to 19: 2440, 6 to 19: 2415, 6 to 20: 2815] M1
Could be implied by working, e.g., 5∑ r2 seen as 5(2870 – 30) or 5 x 2840
or 14350 – 150 or 58450
Allow the summation to be computed as, e.g., 25 + 36 + ... + 400
20 20 Adds their 2 sums. Dependent on

r 5
r 2
 4  r   r2

r 5
both previous method marks and
ddM1
must have used correct summation
 55360  2840 limits.
= 58200 cao A1
1
If their 12 n(n + 1)(an2 + bn + c) in part (a) is not clearly used, only the second M
mark is available.
(4)
Total 8
Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
6 a  2i
z
a  5i
(a) a  2i a  5i Attempts to multiply numerator and
z  denominator by a – 5i M1
a  5i a  5i This statement is sufficient
Correct real part.
a 2  10
Re  z   Award when seen as c in the form (z =) A1
a 2  25 c + di
a 2  10 13 Sets their real part = 13/28 and reaches
  a2  3 M1
a  25 28
2 a2 = k where k > 0
Allow awrt 1.73 and ignore the negative
a 3 A1
root if seen
(4)
(b) Attempt Im(z) with their a substituted
correctly at least once into an Im(z) of
the form:
pa
2 where p, q ≠ 0
a +q
3a 3" 3"
Im  z    Award when seen as d in the form (z =) M1
a  25 " 3"2  25
2
c + di
Condone a correct method repeating the
first M mark in part (a) with their value
of a provided a real value for Im(z) or c
+ di is obtained

3 3 d
z
13 3 3
 i  arg  z    arctan  z = c + di ⟹ ± arctan (± ) for their z
 c M1
28 28  13  Implied by ± a correct angle in radians

awrt  0.38 oe e.g. awrt 5.90 (including

=  0.38 “5.9”). Mark the final answer. A1
Requires a correct z
(3)
(c)  13 
2
2 2
 13   3 3 
2
  + (their imaginary part)
zz*        
28 M1
 28   28  If (their imaginary part x i)2 is used,
i2 = –1 must follow.
13 3√3
1 Allow from z = 28 + i
 or 0.25 only 28 A1
4 Ignore “+ 0i”
(2)
Total 9
Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
7(a) B1: Rotation
B1: 45o clockwise
(or 315o/– 45o anticlockwise)
Rotation 45o clockwise about the origin about/around/at/from/with centre B1B1
the origin or (0, 0) or O
Allow just “315o/– 45o about O”
Allow radian equivalents
(2)
(b)  0  1
Q  Correct matrix B1
 1 0
Condone straight lines used as matrix brackets throughout
(1)
(c)  1 1  Multiplies in the correct order with
 0  1  2 2  their Q ≠ I.
R  This statement is sufficient. M1
 1 0 1 1 
  May be implied by their R.
 2 2
Correct matrix. Ignore labelling,
 1 1 
  such as T = ...
2 2 
R  Allow exact equivalents for elements A1
 1 1  and isw.
   awrt 0.707 awrt –0.707
 2 2 Allow ( )
awrt –0.707 awrt –0.707
(2)
(d) 1 1
– Forms matrix equation correctly with
( √2 √2
1)
(1 ) = (1 ) their R. Implied by a correct ft linear M1
–
1
– k k equation. (1, k)R = (1, k) is M0
√2 √2
1 1 1 1 Either correct equation (or
 k  1 or   k k A1
2 2 2 2 equivalent) from a correct R
Solves one of their equations to
obtain a value for k. Allow obtaining
1 1 and solving an equation from
k  1  k  ... 1 1 dM1
2 2 ( ) = R-1( )
k k
Dependent on previous method
mark.
2 2 2
k  1 or or 1  2 Cao. Accept equivalent exact
2 2 answers and isw. No extra non- A1
–1
or equivalent solutions.
√2 + 1
(4)
Total 9
Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
8(i)  3 2  1  4n 2n 
n

   
 8 5   8n 1  4n 
 3 2   3 2  1  4 1 2 1   3 2 
1

When n = 1: lhs      rhs   8 1  

 8 5  8 5    1  4 1   8 5 
(lhs = rhs so) true for n = 1 B1
Checks n = 1 on both sides and “true for n = 1” oe (e.g., “shown”, “QED”, a tick,
lhs=rhs) seen anywhere.
Evaluation of the rhs only is not sufficient
Assume true for n = k so
 3 2  1  4k 2k 
k

   
 8 5   8k 1  4k 
–3 – 2 k +1
( ) =
8 5
1 – 4k – 2k –3 –2 k 1
( )( )  3 2 
8k 1 + 4k 8 5 Attempts   either way round.
M1
 8 5
OR Either statement is sufficient
–3 – 2 1 – 4k – 2k
( )( )
8 5 8k 1 + 4k

–3(1 – 4k) – 16k –2(1– 4k) –10k At least 3 correct unsimplified

( )
–24k + 8(1 + 4k) –16k + 5(1 + 4k) elements. Dependent on previous
method mark.
OR dM1
Note that the simplified matrix is:
–3(1 – 4k) – 16k 6k – 2(1 + 4k) –3 – 4k –2k – 2
( ) ( )
8(1 – 4k) + 40k –16k + 5(1 + 4k) 8k + 8 4k + 5

1  4  k  1 2  k  1  Correct matrix in terms of (k + 1)

  A1
 8  k  1 1  4  k  1  Allow proof to “meet in the middle”
If the statement is true for n = k then it has been shown to be true for n = k + 1 and
as the result is true for n = 1, it is true for all n ∈ ℤ
All parts in bold (or equivalent statements) seen at some stage. A1 cso
Accept “all n”, “all (positive) integers/values” or “n = 1, 2, 3...”
Allow a correct proof in a different variable provided it is consistent.
(5)
Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
n  n  3

(ii) n
1

r 1
r  r  1 r  2  4  n  1 n  2 
1 1 1 4 1
When n = 1: lhs =  rhs = 
1 2  3 6 4  2  3 6
(lhs = rhs so) true for n = 1
1 B1
Checks n = 1 on both sides, achieving 6, and “true for n = 1” oe (e.g., “shown”,
“QED”, a tick, lhs=rhs) seen anywhere.
Evaluation of the rhs only is not sufficient
Assume true for n = k so
k  k  3

k
1

r 1
r  r  1 r  2  4  k  1 k  2 
k 1
k  k  3

1 1
 
r 1
r  r  1 r  2  4  k  1 k  2   k  1 k  2  k  3 M1
Adds (k + 1)th term.
Must be a recognisable attempt at g(k) + f(k + 1)
 k  1  k 2  5k  4  Attempts single fraction and factorises
 numerator. Dependent on previous dM1
4  k  1 k  2  k  3 method mark.


 k  1 k  4    k  1 k  1  3 Correct completion to expression in
terms of k + 1 A1
4  k  2  k  3 4  k  1  1 k  1  2  Allow proof to “meet in the middle”
If the statement is true for n = k then it has been shown to be true for n = k + 1 and
as the result is true for n = 1, it is true for all n ∈ ℤ
All parts in bold (or equivalent statements) seen at some stage. A1 cso
Accept “all n”, “all (positive) integers/values” or “n = 1, 2, 3...”
Allow a correct proof in a different variable provided it is consistent.
(5)
Total 10
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