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Reflection Questions (10 Points)

The document discusses nitrogen-containing compounds and amines. Nitrogen-containing compounds are essential to life and are formed through nitrogen fixation. The document defines primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and how they are named. It also discusses the preparation of primary and secondary amines through alkylation reactions.

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25 views4 pages

Reflection Questions (10 Points)

The document discusses nitrogen-containing compounds and amines. Nitrogen-containing compounds are essential to life and are formed through nitrogen fixation. The document defines primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and how they are named. It also discusses the preparation of primary and secondary amines through alkylation reactions.

Uploaded by

Vanessa Corpuz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 4

REFLECTION QUESTIONS  (10 POINTS)


Activity 1. What are nitrogen-containing compounds?
Nitrogen-containing compounds are substances that contain nitrogen. These
substances are essential to life.  These nitrogen containing compounds are ultimately derived
from the atmospheric nitrogen by the process called nitrogen fixation. It is a natural process
in the environment that converts nitrogen in air to ammonia, and further converted to organic
nitrogen compounds. 

Activity 2. How are nitrogen-containing compounds formed in the environment?


Amines are classified either as alkylamines or arylamines.  Alkylamines have their
nitrogen attached to sp3 hybrid carbon. Arylamines have their nitrogen attached to an
sp2 hybridized carbon of a benzene or benzene-like ring. Amines, like ammonia, are weak
bases. They are the strongest bases that are found in significant quantities under physiological
conditions. Amines are usually the bases involved in biological acid-base reactions. Amines
are often the nucleophiles in biological nucleophilic substitutions in the body.

ENGAGE
Activity 3.  Don’t you know that in 1912, the word vitamin was coined in the belief that 
the substances present in the diet that prevented scurvy, pellagra, rickets, and other
diseases were “vital amines”, was this belief confirmed? (Carey,1992).
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3. Amines are
classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to their degree of substitution at the
nitrogen atom.
NH3 ammonia
R-NH2 primary amine
R-NHR' secondary amine
R-N-R' -R" tertiary amine

An amine with one carbon substituent on nitrogen is a primary amine, with two is a


secondary amine, and an amine in which all three of the bonds from nitrogen are to carbon is
a tertiary amine. There are several ways of naming amines. The common names of the simple
amines are derived by adding the suffix -amine to the name of the attached alkyl groups. For
example, CH3-CH2-NH2 is named ethylamine and CH3CH2-NH-CH2CH3 is named di-
ethylamine. The widely used, common name for the simplest aromatic amine is aniline, also
known as phenylamine or aminobenzene is aniline, also known
as phenylamine or aminobenzene. Aniline was first isolated in 1826 as a degradation product
of Indigo, a dark-blue dye obtained from the West Indian plant Indigoferaanil, which the
name aniline is derived (Carey,1992).  

EXPLORE 
PRIMARY AMINES (Questions).

NO. C R-NH2 UIPAC NAMES

1 CH3-NH2 Methyl Amine

2 CH3-CH2-NH2 Ethyl Amine

3 CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 Propyl Amine

4 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Butyl Amine

5 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Pentyl Amine

6 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Hexyl Amine

7 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2--CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Heptyl Amine

8 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Octyl Amine

9 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Nonyl Amine

10 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Decyl Amine

EXPLORE: 
SECONDARY AMINES (Questions)
One Hydrogen in NH2 group is substituted with an Alkyl radical , R'

IUPAC  Name
No. of C R- NH- R'
CH3-NH-CH3 di-methyl amine
CH3-CH2-NH-CH3-CH3 di-ethyl amine
CH3-NH-CH3-CH3 ethyl methyl amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3 methyl propyl amine
CH3-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 butyl ethyl amine

In naming primary amines, name first the VALUE of R’ then name the value of R and
add suffix amine. If right side has the vale as the left side, then use prefix (di).   
          
EXPLORE THE PREPARATION OF  AMINES  IN  INDUSTRY
1). Primary amines can be prepared by the alkylation of ammonia. This reaction involves
the substitution of an alkyl group for a hydrogen atom in ammonia. The most common
alkylating agents are the alkylhalides. The reaction of ammonia with an alkyl halide yields
an ammonium salt which can be converted to an amine by reaction with NaOH. The synthesis
of ethylamine beginning with ethyl chloride is represented below. NH3 + C2H5C2H5NH3+
+Cl-C2H5NH3+Cl-+NaOH=C2H5NH2+H2O + NaC ethylamine 

2). Ions, such as ethylammonium chloride (C2H5NH3+Cl-), which carry both a positive and


negative charge are sometimes called Zwitterions. In aqueous solution this ion may behave
as an acid and donate a proton to water or it may behave as a base and accept a proton from
water.

3).  Alkylamines, are, is principle, capable of being prepared by nucleopilic substitution


reactions of alkyl with ammonia.

R-X Alkylalide
2 NH3 Ammonia
R-NH2 Primary Amine
NH4X Ammomium halide
Write the name of the given primary amine using the IUPAC nomenclature. (20
POINTS)

Example:                                   R-NH2
5 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Pentyl Amine
6 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Hexyl Amine
7 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2--CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Heptyl Amine
8 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Octyl Amine
9 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Nonyl Amine
10 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 Decyl Amine

DEFINE: PRIMARY AMINE-(20 POINTS)


Primary amines can be prepared by the alkylation of ammonia. This reaction involves
the substitution of an alkyl group for a hydrogen atom in ammonia. The most common
alkylating agents are the alkylhalides. The reaction of ammonia with an alkyl halide yields
an ammonium salt which can be converted to an amine by reaction with NaOH. The synthesis
of ethylamine beginning with ethyl chloride is represented below.
NH3 + C2H5C2H5NH3++Cl-C2H5NH3+Cl-NaOH=C2H5NH2+H2O + NaC
ethylamine.

                            
WRITE THE NAME OF THE GIVEN SECONDARY AMINE USING THE IUPAC
NOMENCLATURE.

Example:

R-NH-R' IUPAC Name


CH3-CH2-NH- CH2-CH2-CH3 Propyl Ethyl Amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH- CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH3 Pentyl Propyl Amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH3 Di-Butyl Amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH3-NH- CH2-CH2-CH2- CH3 Butyl Pentyl Amine

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