1. (a) The combustion of 0.

0222 g of isooctane vapor, C 8H18 (g), at constant pressure raises the temperature of a
calorimeter 0.400°C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter and water combined is 2.48 kJ/°C. Find the molar
heat of combustion of gaseous isooctane.
2C8H18 (g) + 25O2 (g)  16CO2 (g) + 9H2O (l)
(b) How many grams of C8H18 (g) must be burned to obtain 362 kJ of heat energy
2. Methanol, CH3OH, is an efficient fuel with a high octane rating that can be produced from coal and hydrogen.
2CH3OH (g) + 3O2 (g)  2CO2 (g) + 4H2O ΔH = –764 kJ/mol
(a) Find the heat evolved when 90.0 g CH 3OH (g) burns in excess oxygen.
(b) What mass of O2 is consumed when 945 kJ of heat is given out?
3. Methylhydrazine is burned with dinitrogen tetroxide in the attitude-control engines of the space shuttles.
4CH6N2 (l) + 5N2O4 (l)  4CO2 (g) + 12H2O (l) + 9N2 (g)
The two substances ignite instantly on contact, producing a flame temperature of 3000 K. The energy liberated
per 0.100 g of CH6N2 at constant atmospheric pressure after the products are cooled back to 25°C is 750 J.
(a) Find ΔH for the reaction as written
(b) How many kilojoules are liberated when 44.0 g of N 2 is produced?
4. Determine the heat of formation of liquid hydrogen peroxide at 25°C from the following thermochemical
equations.
2H2 (g) + O2 (g)  2H2O (g) ΔH° = –241.82 kJ/mol
2H (g) + O (g)  H2O (g) ΔH° = –926.92 kJ/mol
2H (g) + 2O (g)  H2O2 (g) ΔH° = –1070.60 kJ/mol
2O (g)  O2 (g) ΔH° = –498.34 kJ/mol
H2O2 (l)  H2O2 (g) ΔH° = 51.46 kJ/mol
5. Silicon carbide, or carborundum, SiC, is one of the hardest substances known and is used as an abrasive. It has
the structure of diamond with half of the carbons replaced by silicon. It is prepared industrially by reduction of
sand (SiO2) with carbon in an electric furnace.
SiO2 (s) + 3C (graphite)  SiC (s) + 2CO2 (g)
ΔH° for this reaction is 624.6 kJ, and the ΔH°f for SiO2 (s) and CO2 (g) are – 910.9 kJ/mol and –110.5 kJ/mol,
respectively. Calculate ΔH°f for silicon carbide
6. A calorimeter contained 75.0 g of water at 16.95°C. A 93.3 g sample of iron at 65.58°C was placed in it, giving a
final temperature of 19.68°C for the system. Calculate the heat capacity of the calorimeter, C cal. Specific heats
are 4.184 J/g·°C for H2O and 0.444 J/g·°C for Fe.
7. A coffee-cup calorimeter is used to determine the heat of reaction for the acid-base neutralization
CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCH3COO (aq) + H2O (l)
When we add 20.00 mL of 0.625 M NaOH at 21.400°C to 30.00 mL of 0.500 M CH 3COOH already in the
calorimeter at the same temperature, the resulting temperature is observed to be 24.347°C. The heat capacity
of the calorimeter has previously been determined to be 27.8 J/°C. Assume that the specific heat of the mixture
is the same as that of water, 4.184 J/g·°C, and that the density of the mixture 1.02 g/mL.
(a) Calculate the amount of heat given off in the reaction
(b) Determine ΔH for the reaction under the conditions of the experiment
8. A nutritionist determines the caloric value of a 10.00-gram sample of beef fat by burning it in a bomb
calorimeter. The calorimeter held 2.500 kg of water, the heat capacity of the bomb is 1.360 kJ/°C, and the
temperature of the calorimeter increased from 25.0°C to 56.9°C.
(a) Calculate the number of joules released per gram of beef fat.
(b) One nutritional Calorie is 1 kcal or 4184 J. What is the dietary, caloric value of beef fat, in nutritional
Calories per gram?
9. For the decomposition of O3 (g) to O2 (g): 2O3 (g)  3O2 (g)
ΔH° = –285.4 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 137.55 J/mol·K at 25°C. Calculate ΔG° for the reaction. Is the reaction
spontaneous? Is either or both of the driving forces (ΔH° and ΔS°) for the reaction favorable?
10. Use the following equations to find ΔG°f for HBr (g) at 25°C.
Br2 (l)  Br2 (g) ΔG° = 3.14 kJ/mol
HBr (g)  H (g) + Br (g) ΔG° = 339.09 kJ/mol
Br2 (g)  2Br (g) ΔG° = 161.7 kJ/mol
H2 (g)  2H (g) ΔG° = 406.494 kJ/mol
11. Calculate ΔG° for the reduction of the oxides of iron and copper by carbon at 700 K represented by the
equations:
(a) 2Fe2O3 (s) + 3C (graphite)  4Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g)
(b) 2 CuO (s) + C (graphite)  2Cu (s) + CO2 (g)
Values of ΔG°f at 700 K are –92 kJ/mol for CuO (s), –632 kJ/mol for Fe2O3 (s), and –395 kJ/mol for CO2 (g).
(c) Which oxide can be reduced using carbon in a wood fire (which has a temperature of about 700 K),
assuming standard state conditions?