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Module 3

This document provides an overview of references and topics related to urban design. In the references section, it lists several books and authors that have contributed to the field of urban design and public spaces. The topics section then outlines some key urban theorists such as Rob Krier, Jane Jacobs, F.L. Wright, and Le Corbusier and their contributions to understanding public spaces. It also lists emerging concepts in urban space design like the neighborhood concept, space syntax theory, transit-oriented development, new urbanism, and mixed-use developments.

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176 views45 pages

Module 3

This document provides an overview of references and topics related to urban design. In the references section, it lists several books and authors that have contributed to the field of urban design and public spaces. The topics section then outlines some key urban theorists such as Rob Krier, Jane Jacobs, F.L. Wright, and Le Corbusier and their contributions to understanding public spaces. It also lists emerging concepts in urban space design like the neighborhood concept, space syntax theory, transit-oriented development, new urbanism, and mixed-use developments.

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URBAN DESIGN

AR 17 – 72
Asst. Prof. EMIE B. FAIR
REFERENCES
• Community Design and Culture of Cities – Eduardo E. Lozano
• Exterior Design in Architecture – Yoshinobu Ashihara
• Architecture of Towns and Cities – Paul D.Spreiregen
• The Social Logic of Space –Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson
• The New Theory of Urban Design – Alexander Christopher
• The Image of the City – Kevin Lynch
• Design of Cities – Edmund N. Bacon
• Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space-Jan Gehl
• Cities for People-Jan Gehl
• The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History- Spiro Kostof
• The Urban Pattern- City Planning And Design- Arthur Gallion
• The New Landscape – Charles Correa
• The Architecture of Cities – Rossi, Aldo
• The Concise Townscape – Cullen, Gordon
• Finding lost space-Theories of Urban Design – Roger Trancik
• The Art of Building Cities: City Building According to Its Artistic Fundamentals – Sitte, Camillo
MODULE III
• Overview of the contribution of Urban Theorists in understanding
public spaces- Camillo Sitte, Jane Jacobs, Donald Appleyard, William
H. Whyte, Le Corbusier, F. L. Wright, Edmund Bacon, Christopher
Alexander, Peter Calthorpe, Aldo Rossi, Bill Hillier, Rob Krier, Richard
Rogers, Charles Correa, Jan Gehl, John Lang etc.
• Emerging concepts in Urban Space Design: Neighborhood concept;
Space Syntax Theory, Transit-Oriented Development, New Urbanism,
Mixed Use Developments, Smart City Concepts
18/10/2020
TOPICS
- Overview of the contribution of Urban Theorists in understanding
public spaces:
1. Rob Krier
2. Jane Jacobs
3. F.L. Wright
4. Le Corbusier
Rob Krier
• Rob Krier bornis a Luxembourgian sculptor,
architect, urban designer and theorist.
• He is former professor of architecture at Vienna
University of Technology, Austria.
• From 1993 to mid-2010 he has worked in
partnership with architect Christoph Kohl in a
joint office based in Berlin, Germany.
Rob Krier
• He published Stadtraum in Theorie und Praxis in 1975.
• This book is a contribution to the establishment of an integrative
typology of urban spaces, and let him to earn an influential position
in urban rationalist polemics.
• His rationalism is based on the visual hierarchies proposed by Camillo
Sitte and related to buildings of human scale.
• He considered that people have lost the sight of traditional
understanding of urban space in the modern city.
Rob Krier
• The basic approach of our urban design concept in the
"block" formation.
• This enables the creation many different spatial
configurations of squares and street sequences that
give the individual 'places‘ their indelible character
and offer inhabitants the kind of familiar quality found
in a typical Berlin neighborhood, or Kiez.“
• More than just a garden- suburb, Kirchsteigfeld
integrates the open flow of space and light which is
the 20th century's great contribution to housing, while
celebrating the historic qualities of place and identity
which we have learned once more to value in making
urban forms for community."
Rob Krier
• "Urban Space is created by the built massing and
their elevations. Buildings are therefore space-
forming The designer of a building is consequently
responsible for the image that is create and
imposed upon the user.
• Buildings mark their surroundings and must
accordingly capture the genius loci' and reflect
this spirit of the place in which they are located.
• In this sense buildings‘ serve their context and the
people which inhabit them
• Rob Krier and Christoph Kohl
Jane Jacobs
• American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist best
known for her influence on urban studies.
• Her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities
(1961) argued that urban renewal did not respect the
needs of most city- dwellers.

• Well known for organizing grassroots efforts to protect


existing neighborhoods from "slum clearance".
• Particularly for her opposition to Robert Mosesin his
plans to overhaul her neighborhood, Greenwich Village.
Jane Jacobs
• “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only
because, and only when, they are created by everybody.“
• Jacobs's four principles for a city as a vibrant system and maintaining
a "side walk ballet":
1. A street or district must serve several primary functions.
2. Blocks must be short.
3. Buildings must vary in age, condition, use and rentals.
4. Population must be dense.
• Led the way in advocating for a place-based, community-centered
approach to urban planning
Jane Jacobs
• Jacobs argued for :-
1. Cities as Ecosystems
2. Mixed-Use Development
3. Bottom-Up Community Planning
4. The Case for Higher Density
• Led the way in advocating for a place-based, community centered
approach to urban planning.
Jane Jacobs
• Clear demarcation between public and private spaces.
• There must be eyes upon the street, eyes belonging to those we
might call natural proprietors of the street.
• The buildings on a street equipped to handle strangers and to ensure
the safety of both residents and strangers must be oriented to the
street.
• The sidewalk must have users on it fairly continuously.
F. L. Wright
• He was an American architect, interior designer,
writer and educator, who designed more than
1,000 structures and completed 532.
• Broadacre City was an urban or suburban
development concept proposed by FrankLloyd
Wright throughout most of his life time.
• He presented the idea in his book The
Disappearing City in 1932.
F. L. Wright
• Broadacre City was the antithesis of
a city and the apotheosis of the
newly born suburbia, shaped
through Wright's particular vision.
• It was both a planning statement
and a socio-political scheme by
which each U.S. family would be
given a one acre (4,000 mº) plot of
land from the federal lands
reserves, and Wright-conceived
community would be built a new
from this.
• In a sense it was the exact opposite of transit-oriented development.
• There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in
Broadacre City, but the apartment dwellers are expected to be a small
minority.
• All important transport is done by automobile and the pedestrian can exist
safely only within the confines of the one acre (4,000 m²) plots where most
of the population dwells.
• In his book Urban Planning Theory since 1945, Nigel Taylor Considers the
planning methodology of this type of cities to be Blueprint planning, which
came under heavy criticism in the late 1950 by many critics such as Jane
Jacobs in her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities.
Le Corbusier
• Father of Modernist movement
• Was a Swiss-French architect, designer,
painter, Urban planner, writer.
• His contributions are :
1. Concentric city
2. Plan Voisin
2. Radiant city
3. Linear industrial city
Concentric city – Le Corbusier
City consist of 3 zones –
1. Central city
2. Protected green belt
3. Factories and satellite towns

Central city :
1. Rectangle containing two cross axial highways
2. At its heart was a six level transport interchange – centre
for motor rail lines( underground – main rail line railways)
and roof of which is air field.
3. 24 cruciform skyscrapers – 60 storied office building with
density od 1200 ppa and covers 5% of the ground.
4. Surrounding skyscrapers was apartment district – 8
buildings arranged in zigzag rows with brad open spaces
with density of 120 people
Radiant city- le corbusier

• Le Corbusier re arranged the key features of


concentric cities.
• The basic ideas of free circulation and greenery
were still present, but land use was changed.
Eg: the central area was now residential instead
of a skyscraper core.
• The skyscrapers shifted to the head area. The
body was made up of acres of housing strips
laid out in a stepping plan to generate semi
courts and harbors of greenery containing
tennis courts, playing fields and paths.
• Traffic pattern orthogonal system with super
imposed diagonals and civic centers on main
axis.

PRINCIPLES OF CONCENTRIC CITY


Camillo Sitte
• Camillo Sitte (17 April 1843 – 16 November
1903) was an Austrian architect, painter
and urban theorist whose work
influenced urban planning and land use
regulation.
• Renowned for the his work, the book “City
Planning According to Artistic Principles”, in
which he examined and documented the
traditional, incremental approach to urbanism in
Europe, with a close focus on public spaces in
Italy and the Germanic countries.
23/11/2020
TOPICS
- Emerging concepts in Urban Space Design: Neighborhood
concept; Space Syntax Theory, Transit-Oriented Development,
New Urbanism, Mixed Use Developments, Smart City Concepts
Neighbourhood concept
Neighbourhood concept
Neighbourhood concept
Neighbourhood concept
Neighbourhood concept
Space Syntax Theory
Space Syntax Theory
Space Syntax Theory
Transit-Oriented Development
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New Urbanism
New Urbanism
New Urbanism
• 3 principles of New Urbanism:
1. The Region: Metropolis, city and town
2. The Neighbourhood, the District and the corridor.
3. The Block, the street, and the Building
New Urbanism
New Urbanism
New Urbanism
New Urbanism
New Urbanism
New Urbanism
New Urbanism

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