Corridor and Utility Standard - Brochure
Corridor and Utility Standard - Brochure
AND UTILITY
STANDARD
GUIDELINE
2020
Issue 1
1, July 2020
Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
Contents
Terminologies.................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 5
SOHAR Port and Freezone............................................................................................................... 5
Corridor Guideline Objectives.......................................................................................................... 6
Existing Corridor Definition............................................................................................................. 6
Right-of-Way (ROW)....................................................................................................................... 7
Space Allocation.......................................................................................................................... 7
Direct Buried Cables..................................................................................................................... 8
Cables Installed in Ducts............................................................................................................... 9
Crossing of Seawater Return Canal............................................................................................ 12
Pipe Material................................................................................................................................. 13
Common Service Clearance........................................................................................................ 15
Marine Standards and Procedures................................................................................................. 17
Installation Methods................................................................................................................... 18
Typical Corridor Reservations...................................................................................................... 18
Reference..................................................................................................................................... 20
Tables:
Table 1............................................................................................................................................ 7
Table 2............................................................................................................................................ 8
Table 3............................................................................................................................................ 9
Table 4.......................................................................................................................................... 10
Table 5.......................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 6.......................................................................................................................................... 14
Table 7.......................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 8.......................................................................................................................................... 17
Figures:
Figure 1.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3.......................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4........................................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 5........................................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 6........................................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 7........................................................................................................................................ 19
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
Terminologies Introduction
SOHAR: SOHAR Port and Freezone Company SOHAR Port and Freezone is rapidly developing as a world-class logistical pillar in the GCC region. Our
developments complement Oman’s long-term economic vision to create an economically diversified
FZ: SOHAR Freezone
and sustainable nation. A part of that vision includes investing in modern, efficient and sustainable
ROW: Rights of Way infrastructure as a foundation for stimulating further private investment and connecting vital industries
and supply chains.
CR: Crossing
This has been the focus of our attention over the past years and our efforts have paid off following
CL: Centerline
several recent additions to both our Port and Freezone. Within this process, we maintain our focus on
LV: Low Voltage meeting our tenants expectations in terms of utilities, which are mainly attributed to the direct support
of all utilities’ companies throughout all phases of our tenants’ projects.
EHV: Electricity High voltage
SWRC: Seawater Retaining Channel. To better understand our tenants needs, we have studied the existing service corridors and their
challenges to arrive at solutions that meet our integrated vision. The result are the first Corridor and
Dia: Diameter Utility Standard Guideline.
HH: Manholes
The Port houses three clusters: logistics, petrochemicals and metals. World-leading companies Vale, Air
Liquid, Larsen & Toubro, Methanol Holding International and Jindal Power & Steel have been established
at SOHAR Port and Freezone. Our independent terminals are operated by world-class companies,
including C. Steinweg Oman for general cargo, a joint venture between Oiltanking and Odfjell for
liquid cargo, and Hutchinson Whampoa for containers. The Freezone will further accentuate the Port’s
importance as a driver of economic growth in the Sultanate.
The development of the 4,500-hectare Freezone is planned in five phases. Due to its fit-to-suit incentives
and value proposition, the Freezone is an ideal location for investors in the following clusters: semi-
finished iron and steel products, plastics and rubber, chemicals, food and perishables, white goods and
furniture and the automotive industry.
SOHAR Port and Freezone is a 50/50 joint venture between the government of the Sultanate of Oman,
represented by the Ministry of Transport (MOT), and the Port of Rotterdam (Netherlands).
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
Telecom
Fiber Optics 0.4 0.6
Power
Street Lighting cable Cable (LV) 0.5 0.8
11 kv (b) 0.5 per circuit 1 per circuit
33 Kv(b) 0.5 per circuit 1 per circuit 1 per circuit
Figure 2: 3D design
Moreover, there are many product pipes corridor, natural gas, crude oil, telecom, fence, stormwater
channel, seawater retaining channel and future railway corridor.
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
However, all utilities must be buried underground as per SOHAR Port and Freezone rules. There are Horizontal clearance of cables is dependent on the type of installation, energy and number of circuits.
exceptions in certain situations, provided that there are justifications that it needs to be above ground. Normally, service providers have their standards for clearance, which is used as a benchmark here. All
Example of above-ground installation/structure is shown in Figure-1 (pipe rack with vertical and horizontal tables reflect the used standard and common practice. However, when the client begins the collection,
future expansion): NOC’s will be used for the requested depth that is needed to cross. However, these figures should not be
used for the planning of new corridors. In special cases, normal standards might need to be increased,
or in very specific circumstances, the relaxation of desirable clearance standards may need consideration
of alternative installation methods. This can be carried out by the clustering of conductors in duct banks,
cable troughs or tunnels. See Table-2 and 3.
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Potable Treated Seawater
Wastewater Power (HV) Power (LV) Telecom Oil & Gas Notes:
Water Effluent (Pipeline)
Table 4
New Service: Minimum Vertical Clearance Note (9)
Potable Water 0.5m 0.5m 0.5m 1m Note (1) Potable to be laid
0.5m 0.5m 0.5m Note (2) (12) 0.5m
Existing Service:
/ Fire Note (1) Note (2) Note (2) (2) above wastewater,
otherwise concrete
0.3m for 33-
encasement of water
132kV 0.5 for
0.5m 0.5m 0.5m 0.5m main 3m either side
220-400kV 0.3m 0.3m 1m
Note (7) Note (7) Note (7) Note (7) of the sewer line
Note (12)
(2) Water service to be
laid below the existing
0.5m
Treated 1m Note service
0.5m 0.5m 0.5m 0.5m Note (2) (12) 0.5m Note (2) 0.5m
Effluent (2) (3) New sewer to be
Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
2m (<0.6m
220-400KV: dia.) 0.3m (33KV- (33KV) (5) Telephone cables
dia.)
be used. It is a case-to-case scenario, that needs to backed up with comprehensive study.
2m Note (11) 3m (>0.6m 33KV) Note (4) Note (4) crossing power cables
3m (>0.6m
dia.) Note (12) (11) shall be protected by
dia.) Note
(2) (4) (8) 132-400KV: PVC duct overcrossing
(2) (4) (8)
220-400KV: 2m Note (11) to the length of 1m
220-400KV:
2m Note
2m Note (6) Large diameter
(11)
(11) pipeline
(7) Due to site condition
if minimum separation
is not feasible jointing
Power (LV) 0.5m 0.5m (<50mm 0.5m Normal: Normal: 0.3m 0.3m 1m and encasement for
(<50mm dia.) (<50mm a pipeline to be to
dia.) dia.) the approval of the
In normal and ideal cases, the need to cross other tenant services as per the below Table-4 and in critical cases might need to
Engineer
Among the several facilities located within SOHAR Port, the seawater return canal (SWRC) is considered
to be a critical infrastructure to the operation of all heavy industries within the industrial zone. Heavy
industries tenants use the canal to discharge their return cooling seawater back to the sea.
The canal was built during 2004 – 2006, with a design life of 50 years and a maximum design flow
capacity of 719,000 m3/hr. Regular planned maintenance and inspections to check the functionality
of the canal are being undertaken by SOHAR Port and Freezone. In order to maintain its integrity and
sustainability, the channel-cross mechanism requires good engineering solutions. See Table-5:
Recommended Figure 4
Service types of crossing / Requirements
Considerations Note: Indicative clearance from the underside of the canal is only shown. Design clearance to be determined by
detailed engineering analysis of soil conditions, construction method and detailed design.
· Maximum diameter limitations
· Soils; Pressure grouting control; Impact on existing
structures during construction Pipe Material
· Material selection for the installation method, A buried pipe and the soil surrounding it are interactive structures. The extent of the interaction, and
Small diameter Horizontal Directional duty & environment hence the magnitude of the pipe loads arising, depends on the relative stiffness between the pipe, the
pipeline / Duct Drilling (HDD) pipe bedding, and native soil. Pipes are generally classed into rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, depending on
· Calculations demonstrating the adequacy of
minimum clearance provided from the seawater the degree of this interaction.
canal. (depends on the method of installation,
ground conditions, the diameter of bore) Rigid pipes are those where, due to the nature of the pipe material, only very small diametrical deflections
are possible before a fracture occurs at a well-defined limiting load. These deflections are too small
to develop significant lateral passive pressure in the pipe zone fill material, due to external vertical
· Use of existing pipe bridges loading. Thus, all the external load is taken by the pipe itself and bending moments are induced in the
pipe wall. The design of rigid pipes is based upon the concept of a maximum loading at which failure
· Material selection for duty & installation
Pipe Bridge occurs. An example of a rigid pipe is the reinforced concrete pipe. “A Guide to Design Loadings for
environment
Buried Rigid Pipes”, TRRL1987, can be considered as an applicable design guide for rigid pipes, whilst
in other conditions BS EN 1295-1:1998 “Structural design of buried pipelines under various conditions
· Detailed Engineering Surveys of loading” is applicable.
Large diameter
Pipe Bridge · Detailed structural interaction studies (Dead load,
pipeline / Ducts Semi-rigid pipes are capable of being distorted sufficiently without failure to transmit a part of the
live loads, transient and load combinations vertical load to the pipe zone fill material, thus mobilising a measure of lateral passive support from the
· Selection of appropriate tunneling technique surrounding soil, with the pipe wall continuing to take the remainder of the load in bending. Resistance
Utility Tunnel / Sleeve Impact on the existing structure during to vertical loading is thus shared between the pipe wall itself and the lateral support from the pipe zone
construction fill material. The proportions of this distribution depend upon the relative stiffness of the pipe and the
· Detailed Engineering Surveys surrounding soil. Some examples of semi-rigid pipe are ductile iron (DI) and cylinder type pre-stressed
Transportation concrete.
· Detailed structural interaction studies (Dead load,
alignment Bridge
(Rail / Conveyor) live loads, transient and load combinations)
Flexible pipes are capable of being distorted sufficiently without failure to transmit virtually all vertical
load to the surrounding pipe zone fill material for lateral support; the proportion of the load resisted by
the pipe wall itself is very small. Flexible pipes are designed based on maximum acceptable deflection
Table 5
or strain induced in the pipe wall and resistance to buckling under load. The ability of the pipe zone
material to provide support is a function of its stiffness or modulus of reaction. Some common flexible
types of pipe are PVC-U pipe, polyethylene (PE) pipe, GRP pipe, and glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe.
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
The selection of the proper type of bedding and surround material is important in the long-term integrity Common Service Clearance
and performance of both rigid and flexible pipes. See Table-6:
Water services pipes and power cables are one of the basic services in public corridors. Water service
pipes have been mentioned the pipe materials in the table-6 above and the table-7 below will explain
Material
SN Service Application Sizes (mm) some other main factors:
Below Ground Above Ground
Min Depth of Valves/
200 to 250 uPVC (for gravity only) GRP, SS, DI Type Pressure Clearance Material
Gradient Burial Manholes
Gravity &
1 Wastewater Limit: 1:500 in Pipe Cover Horizontal AV: every HDPE PN10 for
Rising Main 300 and
HDPE, GRP GRP, SS, DI 16bar direction Min: 1m Max: 1.5km Transmission
above Potable Min: 1m
Max: of flow 3.5m
Transmission & water 6bar 1:300 (standard)
2 TSE All HDPE, GRP, DI DI
Distribution Min: against Min: 3m (gas/
1.5bar flow wastewater)
110 to 300 HDPE
Distribution Vertical
Above 300 DI
3 Potable / Fire Water DI, HDPE, GRP Min:
Up to 600 DI 500mm/300mm
Transmission Horizontal:
Above 600 HDPE, GRP, MS
Max 3000mm
Fire Protection HDPE, GRP, DI, GRE, MS
Min 500 mm
Industrial Water between
Non-Metallic pipe (PE, PVC, PP, GRP) parallel runs
Potable Water
Sewer and
Seawater Cooling potable should
HDPE, GRP, GRE
Water not be installed
Transmission &
Demineralised Distribution in the same
HDPE, GRP, GRE trench.
Cooling Water
Minimum
4 Cover: Vertical:
Line Pipe for Non-
Carbon Steel Gravity:
sour Service Located below
Line inside
property: power, Omantel Up to 600mm
Line Pipe for Sour cables, water Every
Carbon Steel 600mm dia: uPVC
Service mains, surface 125m on
Wastewater - - Collector
drains, culverts straight >600mm dia:
Small uPVC N/A Sewers:
5 Ducts Cabling and other public runs HDPE Force
1300mm
Large HDPE N/A utilities. Main:
Trunk Sewers:
1500mm Sewer to GRP / HDPE
Concrete encased GRP, Force Mains:
6 Trenchless Pipe rossings - PCP, GRP (CC) Potable:
1300mm
450mm crown
Table 6 to bottom
Key: Otherwise:
DI – Ductile Iron PCP – Pre-stressed Concrete Pipe Concrete
GRP – Glass Reinforced Plastic PP – Polypropylene encasement of
water main for
GRP (CC) – Glass Reinforced Plastic (Centrifugally Cast) PRC – Polymer Resin Concrete 3m either side
GRE – Glass Reinforced Epoxy PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride of the sewer
line.
HDPE – High-Density Polyethylene MS – Mild Steel PE – Polyethylene
uPVC – Un-plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride TSE – Treated Sewage Effluent
Table 7
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
Power Cables vary in term of spacing, depth of buried, clearance and crossing see table-8 : Crossings Water services:
Power Minimum clearance: 500mm below the power cable. Power cable to be installed
in a 150/200mm duct.
Cable Spacing Standard: Duct to be encased in concrete to 2m on both sides of crossing for <600mm dia,
3m on both sides of crossing for >600mm dia.
LV 11KV 33KV
Cable tiles, warning tape and cable markers to be fixed over the duct. Hand
LV 400mm 450mm 500mm excavation at point of crossing.
11KV 450mm 500mm 550mm
Power cables:
33KV 500mm 550mm 600mm
Top cable to be installed in 150/200mm duct overcrossing for 2m. Crossing
Space Restriction: clearance to be as per laying clearance.
Communication/GTO cables:
LV 11KV 33KV
LV 200mm 250mm 300mm Crossing clearance to be as per laying clearance.
Telephone cables to be protected by PVC duct overcrossing for 1m. Cable markers
to be installed at crossing showing arrangement.
11KV 250mm 250mm 300mm
Table 8
33KV 300mm 300mm 300mm
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
Installation Methods
Shore approaches can be constructed by either:
• Trench
• Dredging
• Jetty
• Trussed beam support
• A horizontal directional drilled guide tube
• Cofferdam
• Tunnel
• Combinations of the above Figure 6
Figure 5
Figure 7
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
Reference:
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Corridor and Utility Standard Guideline
www.soharportandfreezone.com
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