Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package

UNIT 1 REVIEW PACKAGE Name: _____________________________________

Conceptual Questions
1. For each movement situation, assume that there are two forces: an applied force Fa towards
the East and a resistive force Ff towards the West.
a) Object is moving East at a constant 25.0 km/h
Principle: _________________ Force relationship: ____________________
b) Object has a constant acceleration of 3.0 m/s2 East.
Principle: _________________ Force relationship: ____________________
2. You kick a soccer ball with a forward force of 600 N. What is the reaction force?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. When is the work done by a non-zero force: a) positive? __________________________
b) negative? ____________________ c) zero? _____________________________
4. When is mechanical energy conserved? (i.e. what is a conservative system?)
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Answer the following questions for a conservative system:
a) If Em is +500 J at the start of the motion, what is Em at the end of the motion? ________
b) If the Ek increases by 70 J, what also must happen? ___________________________
6. What are the two ways you can calculate impulse? ________________________________
7. Identify the following as a scalar (S) or a vector (V):
Time ___ Speed ___ Distance ___ Displacement ___
Velocity ___ Acceleration ___ Force ___ Work ___
Energy ___ Power ___ Momentum ___ Impulse ___
8. For the following situations, explain whether each quantity is maximized (max), minimized (min),
or remains the same (constant).
a) Cushioning: Force _____ Time _____ Impulse _____
b) Rocket launch: Force _____ Time _____ Impulse _____
9. Determine the overall impulse for each graph:
Fnet (N)
a) F (N) b) F (N) c)
net net 20
20 20
6.0
t (s)
t (s) t (s) 4.0
4.0 4.0 10

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
10. For momentum to be conserved, the system must be ____________________.
What does this mean? __________________________________________________________
11. For the following situations, momentum is conserved (and there are only two objects):
a) The total momentum before a collision is 50 kgm/s Right.
What is the total momentum after the collision? _____________________
b) The change in momentum of piece 1 is 100 kgm/s North.
What is the change in momentum of the other piece? _____________________
c) The impulse on piece 1 during an explosion is 400 Ns up.
What is the impulse on the other piece? _____________________

12. A car, travelling South, collides with a truck moving East.

If they stick together, sketch a vector sum diagram which
represents conservation of momentum.

13. Predict the unknown components x and y if momentum is conserved.

a) b)
11 Ns 10 Ns y
Rest 20 Ns
50 Ns Boom! 60 Ns x
Boom!
x
Rest 25 Ns
y
33 Ns

14. What is required to be an elastic collision? ______________________________________

15. Two objects hit and stick together. Is momentum conserved? ______________________
Is the collision elastic? _______________________
16. Predict the final speed of the masses after the collision.
a) Elastic Collision: rest
v
m m Boom!

v v
m m Boom!

b) Inelastic collision:
rest
v
m m Stick!

v v
m m Stick!

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
UNIT 1 PRACTICE EXAM Show all of your work to receive full marks

Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A 2.70 kg rocket is travelling directly upward at a constant velocity of 33.0 km/h. The force of
air resistance is 41.0 N downward.

1. The upward force on the toy rocket due to the “thrusters” is

A. 0 N B. 14.5 N
C. 41.0 N D. 67.5 N

2. The time it takes the rocket to travel a distance of 100 m is _______ s.

Your 3-digit answer is

Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A 650 kg vehicle, travelling at 28.0 m/s, has its brakes applied and it experiences a backward
acceleration of 4.90 m/s2. The average air resistance on the vehicle is 1.50 kN.

3. The magnitude of the force of friction, due to applying the brakes, is

A. 1.69 kN B. 3.19 kN
C. 7.53 kN D. 18.2 kN

4. The braking distance of the car is ________________ m.

Your 3-digit answer is

5. A rock is thrown horizontally off of a 13.0 m high building with a speed v. If it travels a horizontal
displacement of 29.0 m by the time it hits the ground, then what was the initial speed v?
Assume no air resistance and level ground.
A. 17.8 m/s B. 19.4 m/s
C. 21.1 m/s D. 24.5 m/s

6. It takes 3.50 MJ of work for you to move an object across a horizontal surface for a displacement
of 6.00 km. The magnitude of your applied force is _________ N.

Your 3-digit answer is

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A 15,000 kg plane is flying at a height of 2.00 km above the ground.

7. If the plane’s total mechanical energy (relative to the ground) is 4.63  108 J,
then the speed of the plane is ________ m/s.
Your 3-digit value for the speed is

8. If the plane then loses 200 MJ of gravitational potential energy, its final height would be
A. 641 m B. 718 m
C. 1.09 km D. 1.36 km

Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A cart, originally moving at a speed

of 16 m/s, travels up an incline.
Assume no friction or air resistance. 16 m/s

9. When the cart is at a height of 3.0 m,

it is moving at a speed of
A. 6.5 m/s B. 8.1 m/s C. 11 m/s D. 14 m/s

10. The maximum height that the cart can go is ________ m.

Your 2-digit value for the height is

11. Which of the following is a possible unit for power?

N s m N m s
A. B. C. D.
m N s s N m

12. A 30 g object has 27 J of kinetic energy. Its momentum is ____ kgm/s.

Your 2-digit value is

F (N)
13. A changing net force (as shown by the graph) acts on a mass,
which is initially at rest on a level surface.
50.0
If the final speed of the mass is 8.20 m/s,
then the mass of the object is ________ kg.

Your 3-digit value for the mass is

t (s)
3.00 7.00
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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
14. A 2.60  1015 kg particle, moving forward at a speed of 30.0 km/s, experiences a backward
impulse of 4.10  1010 Ns. The final speed of the object is a.bc  10d m/s.
Your values of a, b, c, and d are

15. A 3500 kg vehicle is dropped to the ground and it lands with a speed of 6.00 m/s. If it bounces
back up at a speed of 2.80 m/s and it was in contact with the ground for 700 milliseconds, then
the magnitude of the average net force on the vehicle, in scientific notation, was _____  10w N.
Your 3-digit value is

Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A 250 g ball, moving right at 6.0 m/s, collides with a 370 g ball moving left at 10.0 m/s,
as shown.

250 g 370 g
6.0 m/s 10.0 m/s BOOM! 4.0 m/s v?
A B A B

After the collision, the 250 g ball is moving left at 4.0 m/s.

16. Which of the following is true?

Magnitude of Impulse on Ball A Direction of Impulse on Ball A
A. 0.50 Left
B. 0.50 Right
C. 2.5 Left
D. 2.5 Right

17. The final speed of Object B is _________ m/s.

Your 2-digit answer is

18. An object with mass M and moving at a speed v collides head-on with another object with
mass 3M that is at rest. If they stick together, then what is the final speed of the combined objects?
v v v v
A. B. C. D.
2 3 4 5

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A 75.0 kg boy is standing on a 8.00 kg skateboard at rest, and he is holding a 12.0 kg backpack.
The boy then throws the backpack away at a speed of 29.0 m/s.

19. Which of the following is true?

Total momentum of boy, board, Magnitude of the impulse
and pack after the throw on the boy (and skateboard)
A. 0 0
B. 0 348 Ns
C. 348 kgm/s 0
D. 348 kgm/s 348 Ns

20. The speed of the boy and skateboard after he throws the backpack is _______ m/s.
Your 3-digit value is

Use the information below to answer the next 2 questions.

A 500 kg car, travelling East at 14.0 m/s, collides with an 800 kg truck moving South at
11.0 m/s. After the collision, they stick together.

21. Which of the following best represents the momentum vector diagram for the collision?
A. pcar B. pcar C. pcar D. pcar

ptruck ptruck ptruck ptruck

p p p p

22. The final speed of the truck and car after the collision is ___________ m/s.
Your 3-digit value is

23. A 30.0 kg bomb is initially at rest. It then explodes into 3 pieces:

Piece 1: 10.0 kg piece moving with a momentum of 400 kgm/s North
Piece 2: 13.0 kg piece moving with a momentum of 300 kgm/s at 60.0 S of E
The magnitude of piece 3’s momentum after the explosion is a.bc  10d kgm/s.
Your values of a, b, c, and d are ___, ___, ___ and ___.

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
24. Consider the head-on collision shown below:
Ek1 = 49 J Ek2 = 96 J Ek1 = 121 J Ek2 ?
p1 = 14 kgm/s p2 = 24 kgm/s Boom! p1 = 22 kgm/s p2 ?

If the collision is elastic, then which of the following options is true?

Ek2 p2
A. 24 J 12 kgm/s
B. 24 J 16 kgm/s
C. 74 J 12 kgm/s
D. 74 J 16 kgm/s

25. Which of the following best explains why rifles (with long barrels) tend to generate a
higher muzzle velocity (of the bullet)?
A. The longer barrel decreases the time of explosion and increases the force on the bullet.
B. The longer barrel increases the time of explosion and increases the force on the bullet.
C. The longer barrel decreases the time of explosion and increases the impulse on the bullet.
D. The longer barrel increases the time of explosion and increases the impulse on the bullet.

WRITTEN RESPONSE

WR #1 Ballistic Pendulum
A 70 g bullet is fired at 350 m/s into the end
of a 16 kg wooden block, suspended by two
long strings. H
350 m/s

16 kg
The bullet embeds into the block of wood. The wood and bullet then swing up to a maximum
height H. Determine the height H using two conservation laws.

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
WR #2 2-D Collision p1 = 51 kgm/s
p1 = 58 kgm/s
Two objects collide 3.0 kg
19
obliquely, as shown.
36
Determine p2 and  . BOOM!
27
5.0 kg 
p2 = 45 kgm/s
p2

WR #3 Car Collision and Air Bag

A 2750 kg car, travelling at 60.0 km/h, collides head-on with a brick wall and bounces backwards
at a speed of 30.0 km/h. An air bag is deployed in the process, acting on the driver who has a torso
with a mass of 40.0 kg.
 Determine the impulse (magnitude and direction) of the wall on the car. Answer in Ns.
 If the air bag acts on the person for 850 milliseconds, determine the magnitude of the
air bag’s average force on the torso. Identify all key assumptions.
 Using the principles of physics, explain why the air bag is needed to prevent injuries.
 Identify two disadvantages of the air bag system.

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
SOLUTIONS
Conceptual Test
1. a) Uniform motion (balanced forces): Fa  F f
b) Uniform accelerated motion (unbalanced forces): Fa  F f
2. The ball hits your foot with a backward force of 600 N.
   
3. a) F is in the same direction as d b) F is in the opposite direction as d
c) F is perpendicular to d
4. Conservative means that there is no energy lost as heat / sound.
5. a) +500

J b) Ep decreases by 70 J
  
6. I  Fnet t  m v (Note: m v  p )
7. Time (S) , Speed (S), Distance (S), Displacement (V), Velocity (V), Acceleration (V)
Force (V), Work (S), Energy (S), Power (S), Momentum (V), Impulse (V)
8. a) Cushion: Min force, max time, while impulse remains constant
b) Rocket launch: Max force, max time, for max impulse
9. a) 80 Ns b) 40 Ns c) 30 Ns
10. Isolated system, which means the net force on the system is zero (i.e. all forces cancel).
11. a) 50 kgm/s Right b) 100 kgm/s South c) 400 Ns down pcar
12. Cons of momentum:
     
pT  pT  truck
p car  ptruck  pcar ptruck
13. a) x = 30 Ns y = 11 Ns pcar+truck
b) x = 35 Ns y = 23 Ns
14. To be elastic, total kinetic energy must be conserved (no energy lost as heat / sound).
15. Hit and stick: Momentum is conserved, but it is inelastic.
16. a) rest rest
v v
m m Boom! m m

v v v v
m m Boom! m m

b)
rest
v 0.5v
m m Stick! m m

rest
v v
m m Stick! m m

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Physics 30 Unit 1 Review Package
UNIT 1: PRACTICE EXAM (SOLUTIONS)

1. D 9. D 17. 3.2 25. D

2. 10.9 10. 13 18. C 26. 461
3. A 11. C 19. B 27. B
4. 80.0 12. 1.3 20. 4.19 28. 1819
5. A 13. 33.5 21. D 29. A
6. 583 14. 1285 22. 8.65 30. 3.6
7. 150 15. 4.40 23. 2052 31. 275
8. A 16. C 24. A 32. D

WR #1 Ballistic Pendulum
 Find the speed of the block-bullet after the bullet collides inelastically with the block
   
Cons of p: pT  pT mbullet v bullet  mT vT v = 1.5246 m/s right
 Find the maximum height reached by the bullet-block
Cons of E: ETi = ETf 0.5 mvi2 = m g hf H = 0.12 m = 12 cm

WR #2 2-D Collision Conservation of Momentum

   

pTx  pTx 46.923 + 40.0953 = 48.2214 + x 2 x 2 = 38.7969 kgm/s
   

pTy  pTy 34.0915 + 20.4296 = 16.604 + y 2 y 2 = 30.2659 kgm/s

p 2   38.7969 2   30.2659 2 = 49 kgm/s 38.7969

30.2659 
tan    = 38 30.2659
38.7969 p2

WR #3 Car Collision and Air Bag

 I  m v f  vi  = (2750) [ (8.33)  (16.67) ] = 6.88  104 Ns backwards
  

 Assumptions: Driver has the same initial and final velocities as the car. Ignore vertical
forces and friction force, so that the net force is the force from the air bag.
Using F t  m v f  v i  , F = 1.18 kN
  

 The impulse on the driver is not affected by the use of an air bag. The net force and time have
an inverse relationship. The air bag increases the time for the torso to change its momentum,
and as a result, this decreases the force on the torso.
 1. If there is a child in the front seat, the rapid deployment of the air bag can damage
their head and neck region.
2. It is expensive to replace the air bag system.
3. Skin abrasion and hearing loss can happen during deployment.

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