Thailand International

Mathematical Olympiad 2015

泰國國際數學競賽 2015
Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet
高中組 試題集
考生須知：
Instructions to Contestants:

1. 本卷包括 試題 乙份，試題紙不可取走。
Each contestant should have ONE Question-Answer Book which CANNOT be taken
away.
2. 本卷共 5 個範疇，每範疇有 5 題，共 25 題，每題 4 分，總分 100 分，答錯不扣分。
There are 5 exam areas and 5 questions in each exam area. There are a total of 25
questions in this Question-Answer Book. Each carries 4 marks. Total score is 100
marks. No points are deducted for incorrect answers.
3. 請將答案寫在 答題紙 上。
All answers should be written on ANSWER SHEET.
4. 比賽期間，不得使用計算工具。
NO calculators can be used during the contest.
5. 本卷中所有圖形不一定依比例繪成。
All figures in the paper are not necessarily drawn to scale.
6. 比賽完畢時，本試題會被收回。
This Question-Answer Book will be collected at the end of the contest.

本試題不可取走。
THIS Question-Answer Book CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY.
未得監考官同意，切勿翻閱試題，否則參賽者將有可能被取消資格。
DO NOT turn over this Question-Answer Book without approval of the examiner.
Otherwise, contestant may be DISQUALIFIED.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

填空題（第 1 至 25 題）（每題 4 分，答錯及空題不扣分）

Open-Ended Questions (1st ~25th) (4 points for correct answer, no penalty point for wrong answer)

Logical Thinking
邏輯思維

1. A box contains 2015 balls which is either Red, Green, Blue, Yellow or Black.
If 1800 balls are drawn, we can ensure that at least one ball of each colour is drawn.
Find the minimum number of the balls needed to be drawn to ensure that balls of 3 different colors is
taken.
某盒子中有 2015 個球，每個都是紅色、綠色、藍色、黃色或黑色的。已知若從中抽出 1800 個球，則
必定可至少得到每種顏色的球各一個。求最小從盒子中抽出球的數目，必定可得到三種不同顏色
的球。

2. According to the pattern shown below, what is the next number?

按以下規律，問下一個數是甚麼？
1024、0、512、256、384、320、352、…

3. Given x and y are prime numbers and x 2  y 3  1 , find the value of x  y .

已知 x 及 y 皆為質數且 x 2  y 3  1 ，求 x  y 的值。

4. There are six teams named A, B, C, D, E and F, participating a tournament. In 5 days, each team will play
one game on each day. They play with another team once in the tournament. Given that:
1) Team A wins Team B on the first day.
2) Team C is defeated by Team D on the second day.
3) Team E wins Team A on the third day.
4) Team B wins Team C on the fourth day.
Which team does Team E play with on the fifth day？
有 A、B、C、D、E、F 六個籃球隊參加循環賽，賽程總共五天，每隊每天出賽一次，五天裡各與不同
的隊伍比賽一場，所以每天都有三場比賽，已知：
1) 第一天 A 隊贏了 B 隊
2) 第二天 C 隊輸給了 D 隊
3) 第三天 E 隊贏了 A 隊
4) 第四天 B 隊贏了 C 隊
請問，E 隊在第五天與哪一隊比賽？

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

5. There are 7 people arguing which day of week is today. Their statements are quoted as below:
A: Yesterday was Wednesday.
B: Tomorrow will not be Tuesday.
C: Tomorrow will be Wednesday.
D: Today is Tuesday or yesterday was Tuesday.
E: Today is Tuesday.
F: Today is neither Monday, Tuesday nor Sunday.
G: Today is neither Tuesday nor Saturday.
Given that among them only three statements are correct, which day of week is today?
有七個人在爭論今天是星期幾，他們的說法如下：
A：昨天是星期三。
B：明天不是星期二。
C：明天是星期三。
D：今天或昨天是星期二。
E：今天是星期二。
F：今天不是星期一，也不是星期二，也不是星期天。
G：今天不是星期二或星期六。
已知七個人當中只有三個人說對了，那麼今天是星期幾？

Algebra
代數

3 1 2015
6. Express (  i) in the form of a  bi .
2 2
3 1 2015
以 a  bi 形式表示 (  i) 。
2 2

7. Given the equation x 4  x3  ax 2  bx  3  0 , where a and b are constants, has a double root 1. How many
complex roots does it have?
已知方程 x 4  x3  ax 2  bx  3  0 ，a 及 b 皆為常數，有二重根 1。該方程有多少複數根？

1000
 1 
8. Find the value of the expression   k2 1
k 2  
1000
 1 
求算式    的值。
k 2  k  1 
2

9. Find the remainder of ( x 2015  20 x  15)  ( x 2  1) .

求 ( x  20 x  15)  ( x  1) 的餘式。
2015 2

10. Factorize x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  x  8 y  6 .

因式分解 x  3 xy  2 y  x  8 y  6 。
2 2

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Number Theory
數論
2 2 2
11. Given a, b and c are positive real numbers and a 2  b2  c 2  24 , find the maximum value of a 3  b 3  c 3
.
2 2 2
已知 a、b 和 c 都是正實數，且 a 2  b2  c 2  24 ，求 a 3  b 3  c 3 的最大值。

12. Given x is a real number and 3  x  3 , find the maximum value of x  9  x 2 .

已知 x 是實數，且 3  x  3 ，求 x  9  x 2 的最大值。

 2015 2015 
13. Given log 2  0.301 , find the value of log   Cn  to the nearest 2 decimal places.
 n0 
 2015
2015 
已知 log 2  0.301 ，求 log   Cn  的值，準確至最接近的兩位小數。
 n 0 


8 x  9 (mod17)
14. Find the least positive integral solution of 3 x  5 (mod 7) .


8 x  9 (mod17)
求 3 x  5 (mod 7) 的最小正整數解。

15. If real number a and 23  8 7  a 23  8 7 are all rational, find the value of a.
若實數 a 及 23  8 7  a 23  8 7 皆為有理數，求 a 的值。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Geometry
幾何

16. Given L1 , L2 are two tangents of C : x 2  y 2  1 passing through P (3, 4) .

Find the product of slopes of those two lines.
直線 L1 , L2 為兩條穿過點 P (3, 4) 且與圓 C : x  y  1 相切的直線。
2 2

求兩條直線的斜率的積。

17. The altitudes AD and BE of the acute angled triangle ABC interact at point H. How many pairs of similar
triangles are there?
在銳角三角形 ABC 裏 AD 和 BE 為三角形的垂足，並相交於 H。圖中一共有多少對相似三角形？

Question 17
第 17 題

18. Given a, b and c are side lengths of a triangle and 0  a  6  b  8  c  12 , when the area of the triangle
attains its maximum. Find the perimeter of the triangle.
已知 a, b, c 為三角形的三邊邊長，且 0  a  6  b  8  c  12 ，當該三角形的面積為最大時，求該
三角形的周界。

19. Find the shortest distance from the point  5, 10  to the straight line 4 y  3 x .
求點  5, 10  與直線 4 y  3 x 的最短距離。

20. In the figure shown below, TA and DC are tangents of the circle at A and C respectively. TBC is a straight
line. Given ATB = 50o and BCD = 75o, find the value of ABC.
在圖中，TA和DC分別是圓在A和C兩點的切線。TBC是一條直線。已知ATB = 50o 和 BCD = 75o，
求ABC的值。

Question 20
請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

第 20 題

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Combinatorics
組合數學

21. Find the number of unlike terms of (a  b  c )15 (a  d  e)7 after expansion.
求 (a  b  c ) (a  d  e) 展開後的異類項數目。
15 7

22. 8 boys sit on their own chairs. Now they stand up and choose a chair to sit randomly. How many possible
cases are there that “only three boys not sit on his own chair?”
8 個男孩原來坐在自己的位子上，現在他們站起來並隨機選擇一個椅子坐下。有多少個「只有三名
男孩沒有坐在自己的位子上」的情況？

23. Given x1 , x2 , , x5 are all integers and x1  3 , x2  2 , x3  1 and x4 , x5 are positive, how many
solutions are there to the equation x1  x2    x5  6 ?
已知 x1 , x2 , , x5 皆整數且 x1  3 、x2  2 、x3  1 及 x4 、x5 皆為正數，問方程 x1  x2    x5  6 有
多少個解組？

24. Find the minimum number of positive integers to be chosen from 1 to 20 to ensure that there are 2
numbers such that one of them is a multiple of another.
從 1 到 20 選取最少多少個正整數，使其中必有 2 個數字，其中一個是另一個的倍數？

25. How many ways are there for 5 different balls to be distributed into 4 different boxes? (The boxes may be
empty after distribution.)
把 5 個不同的球分配到 4 個不同的盒子，有多少個方法？﹝分配後盒子可以是空的﹞

~ 全卷完 ~
~ End of Paper ~

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Solutions
題解

Logical Thinking
邏輯思維

1. A box contains 2015 balls which is either Red, Green, Blue, Yellow or Black.
If 1800 balls are drawn, we can ensure that at least one ball of each colour is drawn.
Find the minimum number of the balls needed to be drawn to ensure that balls of 3 different colors is
taken.
某盒子中有 2015 個球，每個都是紅色、綠色、藍色、黃色或黑色的。已知若從中抽出 1800 個球，則
必定可至少得到每種顏色的球各一個。求最小從盒子中抽出球的數目，必定可得到三種不同顏色
的球。

解：1,368
The number of least number of balls = 2015  1800  1  216 .
So the minimum number of the balls needed to be drawn to ensure that balls of 3 different colors is taken
 2015  216  216  216  1  1368 .
數量最少的球有 2015  1800  1  216 個。
由此可得要取得 2015  216  216  216  1  1368 個球才必定得到最少三種不同顏色的球。

2. According to the pattern shown below, what is the next number?

按以下規律，問下一個數是甚麼？
1024、0、512、256、384、320、352、…

解：336
Start from the third term, each number is the average of the previous two numbers.
由第三項起，每一項皆為前兩項的平均數。
1024  0
 512
2
0  512
 256
2
512  256
 384
2
256  384
 320
2
320  352
 336
2

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

3. Given x and y are prime numbers and x 2  y 3  1 , find the value of x  y .

已知 x 及 y 皆為質數且 x 2  y 3  1 ，求 x  y 的值。

解：5
x2 1  y3
( x  1)( x  1)  y 3
x  3, y  2
x y 5

4. There are six teams named A, B, C, D, E and F, participating a tournament. In 5 days, each team will play
one game on each day. They play with another team once in the tournament. So there are 3 tournaments
every day. Given that:
1) Team A wins Team B on the first day.
2) Team C is defeated by Team D on the second day.
3) Team E wins Team A on the third day.
4) Team B wins Team C on the fourth day.
Which team does Team E play with on the fifth day？
有 A、B、C、D、E、F 六個籃球隊參加循環賽，賽程總共五天，每隊每天出賽一次，五天裡各與不同
的隊伍比賽一場，所以每天都有三場比賽，已知：
1) 第一天 A 隊贏了 B 隊
2) 第二天 C 隊輸給了 D 隊
3) 第三天 E 隊贏了 A 隊
4) 第四天 B 隊贏了 C 隊
請問，E 隊在第五天與哪一隊比賽？

解：Team D / D 隊
The arrangement of competition is shown in the following table.
各天賽事的安排如下表所示：

Day Contest 1 Contest 2 Contest 3

比賽日 比賽一 比賽二 比賽三
1 A vs B C vs E D vs F

2 A vs F B vs E C vs D

3 A vs E B vs D C vs F

4 A vs D B vs C E vs F

5 A vs C B vs F D vs E

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

5. There are 7 people arguing which day of week is today. Their statements are quoted as below:
A: Yesterday was Wednesday.
B: Tomorrow will not be Tuesday.
C: Tomorrow will be Wednesday.
D: Today is Tuesday or yesterday was Tuesday.
E: Today is Tuesday.
F: Today is neither Monday, Tuesday nor Sunday.
G: Today is neither Tuesday nor Saturday.
Given that among them only three statements are correct, which day of week is today?
有七個人在爭論今天是星期幾，他們的說法如下：
A：昨天是星期三。
B：明天不是星期二。
C：明天是星期三。
D：今天或昨天是星期二。
E：今天是星期二。
F：今天不是星期一，也不是星期二，也不是星期天。
G：今天不是星期二或星期六。
已知七個人當中只有三個人說對了，那麼今天是星期幾？

解：Friday / 星期五
Converting their statements, we will have the following table:
經過轉換他們的說法可得出下表：

A B C D E F G
Monday

星期一
Tuesday
   
星期二
Wednesday
   
星期三
Thursday
   
星期四
Friday
  
星期五
Saturday
 
星期六
Sunday
 
星期日

Among them only Friday satisfies the condition that “only three statements are correct”.
當中只有星期五符合「只有三個人說對了」這個條件。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Algebra
代數

3 1 2015
6. Express (  i) in the form of a  bi .
2 2
3 1 2015
以 a  bi 形式表示 (  i) 。
2 2

3 1
解：  i
2 2
3 1 2015
(  i)
2 2
 
 (cos  i sin ) 2015
6 6
11 11
 cos  i sin
6 6
 
 cos( )  i sin( )
6 6
3 1
  i
2 2

7. Given the equation x 4  x3  ax 2  bx  3  0 , where a and b are constants, has a double root 1. How many
complex roots does it have?
已知方程 x 4  x3  ax 2  bx  3  0 ，a 及 b 皆為常數，有二重根 1。該方程有多少複數根？

解：2
x 4  x 3  ax 2  bx  3  ( x  1)2 ( x 2  px  3)
x 4  x 3  ax 2  bx  3  x 4  ( p  2) x 3  (4  2 p ) x 2  ( p  6) x  3
p  1, a  2, b  5
There are two distinct complex roots for x 2  x  3  0 , hence x 4  x3  ax 2  bx  3  0 has two complex
roots.
x 2  x  3  0 有兩個複數根，所以 x 4  x3  ax 2  bx  3  0 有兩個複數根。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

1000
 1 
8. Find the value of the expression   k2 1
k 2  
1000
 1 
求算式    的值。
k 2  k  1 
2

1,499,499
解：
2,002,000
1000
 1 
  k 2  1 
k 2
1000
 1 
   (k  1)(k  1) 
k 2  
1 1000  1 1 
    
2 k  2  ( k  1) (k  1) 
1 1000  1 1 
    
2 k  2  ( k  1) (k  1) 
1 1000 1 1 1000 1
   
2 k  2 ( k  1) 2 k 2 ( k  1)
1 999 1 1 1001 1
   
2 k 1 k 2 k 3 k
1 1 1 1 
 1    
2 2 1000 1001 
1499499

2002000

9. Find the remainder of ( x 2015  20 x  15)  ( x 2  1) .

求 ( x  20 x  15)  ( x  1) 的餘式。
2015 2

解： 19 x  15
( x 2015  20 x  15)  ( x 2  1)Q( x)  ax  b
f (1)  a  b  1  20  15  34
f (1)  a  b  1  20  15  4
b  15
a  19
R  19 x  15

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

10. Factorize x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  x  8 y  6 .

因式分解 x  3 xy  2 y  x  8 y  6 。
2 2

解： ( x  y  3)( x  2 y  2)
x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  ( x  y )( x  2 y )
x 2  x  6  ( x  3)( x  2)
2 y 2  8 y  6  2( y  3)( y  1)
x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  x  8 y  6  ( x  y  3)( x  2 y  2)

Number Theory
數論
2 2 2
11. Given a, b and c are positive real numbers and a 2  b2  c 2  24 , find the maximum value of a 3  b 3  c 3
.
2 2 2
已知 a、b 和 c 都是正實數，且 a 2  b2  c 2  24 ，求 a 3  b 3  c 3 的最大值。

解：6
By Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality:
由柯西不等式：
( a  b  c )2  ( a 2  b 2  c 2 )(1  1  1)  3  24

( a1 / 3  b1 / 3  c1 / 3 )2  ( a 2 / 3  b 2 / 3  c 2 / 3 )(1  1  1)

( a 2 / 3  b 2 / 3  c 2 / 3 )2  ( a  b  c )( a1/ 3  b1 / 3  c1 / 3 )
( a 2 / 3  b 2 / 3  c 2 / 3 )2  3  24 3( a 2 / 3  b 2 / 3  c 2 / 3 )
( a 2 / 3  b2 / 3  c 2 / 3 )  6
2/3 2/3 2/3
 8  8  8 6
 max  6

12. Given x is a real number and 3  x  3 , find the maximum value of x  9  x 2 .

已知 x 是實數，且 3  x  3 ，求 x  9  x 2 的最大值。

解： 3 2
Let x  3cos  , we have x  9  x 2  3cos   3sin   3 2 .
設 x  3cos  可得 x  9  x 2  3cos   3sin   3 2 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

 2015 2015 
13. Given log 2  0.301 , find the value of log   Cn  to the nearest 2 decimal places.
 n0 
 2015
2015 
已知 log 2  0.301 ，求 log   Cn  的值，準確至最接近的兩位小數。
 n 0 

解：606.52
 2015 
log   Cn2015 
 n0 
 log 2 2015

 2015  log 2
 2015  0.301
 606.515
The answer is 606.52 to the nearest 2 decimal places.
答案為 606.52﹝取最接近的兩位小數﹞。


8 x  9 (mod17)
14. Find the least positive integral solution of 3 x  5 (mod 7) .


8 x  9 (mod17)
求 3 x  5 (mod 7) 的最小正整數解。

解：67


8 x  9 (mod17)
3 x  5 (mod 7)
 
x  16 (mod17)
x  4 (mod 7)
x  16 (mod17)  x  17 p  16
17 p  16  4 (mod 7)
3 p  16  4 (mod 7)
p  3 (mod 7)
p  7k  3
x  17(7k  3)  16
 119k  67
The least positive integral solution of x is 67.
x 的最小正整數解為 67。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

15. If real number a and 23  8 7  a 23  8 7 are all rational, find the value of a.
若實數 a 及 23  8 7  a 23  8 7 皆為有理數，求 a 的值。

解：1
23  8 7  4  7
23  8 7  4  7
23  8 7  a 23  8 7  (4  4 a)  ( a  1) 7
23  8 7  a 23  8 7  (4  4 a)  ( a  1) 7 is rational, a  1  0 .
若 23  8 7  a 23  8 7  (4  4 a)  ( a  1) 7 是有理數，得 a  1  0 。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Geometry
幾何

16. Given L1 , L2 are two tangents of C : x 2  y 2  1 passing through P (3, 4) .

Find the product of slopes of those two lines.
直線 L1 , L2 為兩條穿過點 P (3, 4) 且與圓 C : x  y  1 相切的直線。
2 2

求兩條直線的斜率的積。

1
解： 1
2
Let the tangent be y  mx  c , by substituting P (3, 4) we have 4  3m  c , c  4  3m .
So the equation of the tangent will be y  mx  (4  3m) .
Since tangent only touches the circle at one point,
so the equation x 2  (mx  (4  3m)) 2  1 has only 1 solution.
I.e. the discriminant of (1  m 2 ) x 2  (8m  6m 2 ) x  (9m 2  24m  15)  0 is 0.
  (8m  6m 2 )2  4(9m 2  24m  15)(1  m2 )  0
64m 2  36m 2  96m  60  60m2  0
40m2  96m  60  0
60 3
The product of slope is  .
40 2
設切線為 y  mx  c ，代入 P (3, 4) 可得 4  3m  c ， c  4  3m
故切線方程為 y  mx  (4  3m) 。
由於切線，故該線與圓形只有一個交點。
因此方程 x 2  (mx  (4  3m)) 2  1 只有一個解。
(1  m 2 ) x 2  (8m  6m 2 ) x  (9m 2  24m  15)  0 的判別式為 0。
  (8m  6m 2 )2  4(9m 2  24m  15)(1  m2 )  0
64m 2  36m 2  96m  60  60m2  0
40m2  96m  60  0
60 3
故兩個斜率的積= 
40 2

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

17. The altitudes AD and BE of the acute angled triangle ABC interact at point H. How many pairs of similar
triangles are there?
在銳角三角形 ABC 裏 AD 和 BE 為三角形的垂足，並相交於 H。圖中一共有多少對相似三角形？

Question 17
第 17 題

解：8
AHE ~ BHD ~ ACD ~ BCE (6 pairs)﹝6 對﹞
DEC ~ ABC
ABH ~ BED

18. Given a, b and c are side lengths of a triangle and 0  a  6  b  8  c  12 , when the area of the triangle
attains its maximum. Find the perimeter of the triangle.
已知 a, b, c 為三角形的三邊邊長，且 0  a  6  b  8  c  12 ，當該三角形的面積為最大時，求該
三角形的周界。

解：24
Of all the triangles with sides a and b, the right-angled triangle with a  6 and b  8 , and a hypotenuse
equal to 62  82  10 . Then the area of the triangle attains its maximum.
The perimeter is equal to 24.
對應所有可能性，在一個直角三角形中， a  6 、 b  8 及斜邊為 62  82  10 時，該三角形的面積
為最大。該三角形的周界為 24。

19. Find the shortest distance from the point  5, 10  to the straight line 4 y  3 x .
求點  5, 10  與直線 4 y  3 x 的最短距離。

解：11
3  5  4  (10)
d
42  32
55

5
 11
20. In the figure shown below, TA and DC are tangents of the circle at A and C respectively. TBC is a straight
請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

line. Given ATB = 50o and BCD = 75o, find the value of ABC.
在圖中，TA和DC分別是圓在A和C兩點的切線。TBC是一條直線。已知ATB = 50o 和 BCD = 75o，
求ABC的值。

Question 20
第 20 題

解： 77.5o
ABC  CAB  ACB  180o
ABC  75o  TAB  180o
ABC  75o  27.5o  180o
ABC  77.5o

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

Combinatorics
組合數學

21. Find the number of unlike terms of (a  b  c )15 (a  d  e)7 after expansion.
求 (a  b  c ) (a  d  e) 展開後的異類項數目。
15 7

解：3,808
Every term in the expansion of ( a  b  c)15 is in the form of a n1 b n2 c n3 where n1 , n2 , n3 are all non-
negative and n1  n2  n3  15 .
Number of unlike terms is C2  136 .
17

Every term in the expansion of ( a  d  e)7 is in the form of a n1 d n2 e n3 where n1 , n2 , n3 are all non-
negative and n1  n2  n3  7 .
Number of unlike terms is C2  36 .
9

Combining the two cases, there are total 136  36  4896 unlike terms.

( a  b  c)15 展開後的每一項皆可以 a n1 b n2 c n3 表示，且 n1 , n2 , n3 為非負整數及 n1  n2  n3  15 。

由此異類項數目為 C2  136 。
17

( a  d  e)7 展開後的每一項皆可以 a n1 d n2 e n3 表示，且 n1 , n2 , n3 為非負整數及 n1  n2  n3  7 。

由此異類項數目為 C2  36 。
9

綜合兩項展開式，共有 136  36  4896 個異類項。

22. 8 boys sit on their own chairs. Now they stand up and choose a chair to sit randomly. How many possible
cases are there that “only three boys not sit on his own chair?”
8 個男孩原來坐在自己的位子上，現在他們站起來並隨機選擇一個椅子坐下。有多少個「只有三名
男孩沒有坐在自己的位子上」的情況？

解：112
There are C38  56 combinations of choosing 3 boys from 8 boys.
Among them, there are 2 cases for sitting wrongly, so there are 56  2  112 possible cases.
8
從 8 名男孩中選取 3 名男孩，共有 C3  56 個組合。
考慮每個組合皆有 2 種坐錯位置的情況，所以共有 56  2  112 個情況。

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

23. Given x1 , x2 , , x5 are all integers and x1  3 , x2  2 , x3  1 and x4 , x5 are positive, how many
solutions are there to the equation x1  x2    x5  6 ?
已知 x1 , x2 , , x5 皆整數且 x1  3 、x2  2 、x3  1 及 x4 、x5 皆為正數，問方程 x1  x2    x5  6 有
多少個解組？

解：1001
a1  x1  4
a2  x2  3
Denote a3  x3  2 ,
a4  x4
a5  x5
we have x1  x2    x5  6  a1  a2    a5  15
Number of solutions for equation a1  a2    a5  15 is C4  1001 .
14

a1  x1  4
a2  x2  3
記 a3  x3  2 ，
a4  x4
a5  x5
可得等式 x1  x2    x5  6  a1  a2    a5  15
等式 a1  a2    a5  15 的解組數目為 C4  1001 。
14

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

24. Find the minimum number of positive integers to be chosen from 1 to 20 to ensure that there are 2
numbers such that one of them is a multiple of another.
從 1 到 20 選取最少多少個正整數，使其中必有 2 個數字，其中一個是另一個的倍數？

解：11
Separate the numbers into 10 groups:
{1 , 2 , 4 , 8, 16}
{3 , 6, 12}
{5 , 10, 20}
{7, 14}
{9, 18}
{11}
{13}
{15}
{17}
{19}
If any 2 numbers are in the same group, then one of them is a multiple of another.
By the pigeonhole principle, if 11 numbers are chosen from them, then there are 2 of them in the same
group.
{1 , 2 , 4 , 8, 16}
{3 , 6, 12}
{5 , 10, 20}
{7, 14}
{9, 18}
{11}
{13}
{15}
{17}
{19}
任何兩個在同一組的數字，他們與另一個都是倍數關係。
根據抽屜原理，若從中選取 11 個數字，則一定有兩個數字在同一組中。
因此，必定有其中 2 個數字，其中一個是另一個的倍數。

25. How many ways are there for 5 different balls to be distributed into 4 different boxes? (The boxes may be
empty after distribution.)
把 5 個不同的球分配到 4 個不同的盒子，有多少個方法？﹝分配後盒子可以是空的﹞

解：1,024
For every ball it has 4 choices, so the number of ways for 5 balls to be distributed into 4 different boxes is
45  1024 .
對每個球都有 4 個盒子選擇，所以把 5 個球分配到 4 個盒子則有 45  1024 個方法。

~ 全卷完 ~
~ End of Paper ~

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.
泰國國際數學競賽 2015 高中組 試題集
Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Senior Secondary Group Past Paper Booklet

泰國國際數學競賽 2015
THAILAND INTERNATIONAL
MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD 2015

高中組 答案
Senior Secondary Group Answer Key
Question Question Question
Answer Answer Answer
No No No
答案 答案 答案
題號 題號 題號

1 1,368 11 6 21 4,896

2 336 12 3 2 22 112

3 5 13 606.52 23 1,001

Team D /
4 14 67 24 11
D隊
Friday /
5 15 1 25 1,024
星期五
3 1 1
6  i 16 1
2 2 2

7 2 17 8

1499499
8 18 24
2002000

9 19 x  15 19 11

10 ( x  y  3)( x  2 y  2) 20 77.5o

請以最簡形式填寫答案，若計算結果是分數，請確保為真分數或帶分數，或將計算結果寫成小數。錯誤單位將不給予任何分數。
Write down the answer in the simplest form. If the calculation result is a fraction, please write down the answer as a proper or mixed fraction,
decimal figure is also accepted. Marks will NOT be given for incorrect unit.