Root Mean Square Prediction Error (RMSPE)-

The average of prediction errors (PEs) is known as Bias [46]. The standard deviation of predicted
relative variation (PRV) is known as predicted relative variation [46]. The root mean square
prediction error (RMSPE) is a measure of the closeness with which the model predicts the observation
and is a measure of closeness with which a model predicts the observation [46]:GivenThe lower the
values of Bias, PRV, and RMSPE, the better the goodness of fit.

RMSPE(t)=√ Bias 2+ PRV 2

PE (ti) = M (ti) – N (ti)

K
PE(t i )
Bias=∑
i=1
[ K ]
K

PRV (t )=
√∑
i=1
2
( PE i−Bias)

K−1

The lower the values of Bias, PRV, and RMSPE, the better the goodness of fit.

Link---https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2016/2476584/

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1
X= . ∑ d (Vi , Vu)
N ( N −1 ) i ≠1

Type equation here .