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Compare and Contrast

• When you compare and contrast, you tell how two or more things are alike and how they are
different.
• Clue words such as like, as, and similarly can show similarities. Clue words such as however and
instead can show differences.

Directions Read the following passage. Then complete the diagram below by giving details that
compare and contrast the characteristics of Earth and its moon.

I f you ever travel to the moon, you will

experience low gravity. As you know,
both Earth and its moon are spheres. Yet
In 1969, astronauts were delighted to learn
how easily they could leap and bounce
upon the lunar surface.
the moon, with a diameter of about 2,000 The difference in gravity also affects
miles, is only one-quarter the size of Earth. how much objects weigh. Objects on Earth
As a result, the moon’s gravity is much weigh six times as much as they do on the
lower. In fact, it has only one-sixth of moon. In other words, if a person weighs
Earth’s gravity. For that reason, walking on 120 pounds on Earth, he or she would
the moon is like bouncing on a mattress. weigh only 20 pounds on the moon!

Earth Moon

© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

Home Activity Your child used details from a nonfiction passage to compare Earth and its moon. Work with
your child to compare and contrast details of individual paragraphs in a magazine article about outer space.
Challenge your child to ask questions to clarify points and check understanding.

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Writing for Tests

Prompt:  Imagine a middle school hundreds of years from now. Write a short fantasy story about
what it would be like to be a student there.

Day 1 @ Orion
J ack3Bn was the last student to step
down from the heli-bus. It was his first
day at Orion Middle School and he was a
scanned the room, looking for a familiar
face, as he took his assigned seat. Just as
he expected, he recognized no one. “Please
little nervous. “Have a good day,” said the take out your laser pens and answer the
robot driver as the solar-powered heli-bus following questions,” the robot teacher
prepared to lift off. snapped. Jack wished the programmers
“How am I supposed to have a good day had given the robots more friendly voices.
when I don’t know anyone at this school?” “Oh, no,” Jack said as he realized he
Jack thought. Then he remembered what had forgotten his laser pens. “Here,” the
his mother had told him that morning as student next to him whispered, placing an
they’d IM’d from their heli-buses. “Day 1 extra laser pen on Jack’s floating desk.
= alwAz hardest. Nx week = U have > nu “Thanks,” Jack said as he picked up the
frenZ!!.” He hoped his mother was right. pen and turned to see who had given it to
As Jack walked through the front door, him. The girl smiled shyly and then went
a robotic voice droned, “Jack3Bn, you back to her work. The heli-bus driver’s
are late. Please proceed immediately to words suddenly sounded in Jack’s mind,
homeroom 118A.” A map of the school their chirpy robot cheer taking him back to
flashed onto the wall and a laser light the sunny ride. Maybe it would be a good
traced the way to get there. day after all.
The door to room 118A slid open
automatically just as Jack arrived. He

1. How can you tell this story belongs to the fantasy genre?
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

2. Underline examples of story elements that are based on imagination.

3. Stories sometimes include flashbacks. Circle two flashbacks in the story.

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Name Good-bye to the Moon

Vocabulary
Directions Choose the word from the box that best matches each definition below. Write the word on
the line.

1. going through its regular Check the Words

reduction in the amount of its You Know
visible portion
combustion
2. passed across, over, or through dingy
negotiate
3. act or process of burning traversed
waft
4. lacking brightness or freshness; waning
dirty-looking

5. to talk over and arrange terms;

confer; consult

Directions Choose the word from the box that best matches each clue below. Write the word on
the line.

6. This occurs when something burns.

7. This might describe a dirty, dark room.

8. An example of this is a small breath of perfume.

9. This is what you do to make a bargain.

10. This happens to the moon as its visible bright side gradually
faces away from Earth.

Write a Weather Report © Pearson Education, Inc., 6

On a separate sheet of paper, write a weather report you might make the day after an unusual weather
event. Use as many vocabulary words as you can.

Home Activity Your child identified and used vocabulary words from Good-bye to the Moon. Read a story
or nonfiction article with your child. Have him or her point out unfamiliar words. Work together to figure out
the meaning of each word by using other words that appear near it.

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Name Good-bye to the Moon

Subject-Verb Agreement

The subject and verb in a sentence must agree, or work together. A singular subject needs a
singular verb. A plural subject needs a plural verb.
Use the following rules for verbs that tell about the present time.
• If the subject is a singular noun or he, she, or it, add -s or -es to most verbs.
The star shines. The girl looks at the star. She smiles.
• If the subject is compound, a plural noun, or I, you, we, or they, do not add -s or -es to the verb.
The stars shine. Sarah and Renee look at the stars. They smile.
• For the verb be, use am and is to agree with singular subjects and are to agree with plural
subjects.
I am a space traveler. The astronaut is leaving.
The scientists are here. The pilots are on the plane.
• A collective noun names a group, such as family, team, and class. A collective noun is singular
if it refers to a group acting as one: The class is learning about the universe. A collective noun is
plural if it refers to members of the group acting individually: The class are disagreeing about the
size of the Milky Way.

Directions  Write Yes if the subject and the verb in the sentence agree. If they do not agree, write No
and the correct form of the verb.

1. The science lessons intrigues the students.

2. Space travelers realize the risks of lunar landings.

3. Passengers sometimes waits in the cramped quarters for hours.

4. Jordan is interested in space travel.

5. Her eyes is red from the smog.

Directions  Underline the verb in ( ) that agrees with the subject.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

6. Their heads (throbs, throb) from the enormous pressure.

7. Derek (are, is) ashamed of his torn jacket.

8. The stewardess (volunteers, volunteer) to get him a wheelchair.

9. Renee and Eric (marvels, marvel) at the Earth fashions.

10. The landscape (enthrall, enthralls) Sarah.

Home Activity  Your child learned about subject-verb agreement. Underline several sentences in a
newspaper or magazine article and ask your child to identify the subject and verb in each sentence and tell
why they agree.

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Schwa
Spelling Words
different sentence American brilliant substitute
opinion material complete jewelry dramatic
instance communicate hesitate elementary vitamin
ingredients invitation discipline lasagna desperate

Missing Words  Write the list word that finishes each sentence below.
1. Difficult times call for ___ measures. 1. ___________________
2. My favorite Italian food is ___. 2. ___________________
3. When speaking, it is important to ___ clearly. 3. ___________________
4. Self-___ is important when you try to perfect a skill. 4. ___________________
5. If you ___, you may lose an opportunity. 5. ___________________
6. I received an ___ to a party. 6. ___________________
7. There is an ___ school at the end of my street. 7. ___________________
8. The ___ for the recipe are listed on the package. 8. ___________________
9. I take ___ C every day. 9. ___________________
10. The final scene of the play is very ___. 10. ___________________
11. These two shades of red are very ___. 11. ___________________
12. I’ll get my mom a bracelet at the ___ store. 12. ___________________
13. A paragraph needs a strong opening ___. 13. ___________________
14. I will ___ my report tonight. 14. ___________________

Word Meaning  Write the list word that matches each definition.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

15. example 15. ___________________

16. belonging to or coming from the United States 16. ___________________
17. fabric or cloth 17. ___________________
18. intensely bright; highly intelligent 18. ___________________
19. point of view 19. ___________________
20. replacement 20. ___________________

Home Activity  Your child used list words to finish sentences. Say a word from the list and ask your child to
spell it and define it.

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Name Good-bye to the Moon

Scoring Rubric: Fantasy

4 3 2 1
Focus/Ideas Clear, focused Ideas are clear Writing is vague Missing fantasy
fantasy that and focused; or misses the genre elements
addresses the needs more prompt or unintelligible
prompt supporting
details
Organization Strong Recognizable Plot events Plot events
beginning, beginning, do not build are random or
middle, and middle, and to a climax or unordered
end; well- end resolution
organized
paragraphs
Voice Engaging and Interesting Little drama or No compelling
interesting character(s) personality in voice
narrator and but no narrator the voice
character voice
voices
Word Choice Vivid, precise Clear details, Limited or Vague, dull, or
language brings adequate redundant cliché language
the story to life language language
Sentences Excellent Correctly Little variety; Choppy; many
variety of constructed many awkward incomplete
sentences, sentences; sentences or run-on
natural rhythm some variety sentences
Conventions Excellent Reasonable Weak control Many errors
control; few or control; few with distracting that prevent
no errors distracting errors understanding
errors
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

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Vocabulary • Unfamiliar Words

• When you are reading and see an unfamiliar word, you can use context clues, or words around
the unfamiliar word, to figure out its meaning.
• Context clues include definitions, explanations, examples, and synonyms.

Directions Read the following passage about outer space. Then answer the questions below.

G il was at the controls of the space

shuttle, and he was under pressure
because Governor Otis of the Moon and
consult with Mission Control to negotiate
for emergency repairs. As he traversed,
or crossed, the space shuttle to the food
his son were on board. Suddenly, the court, he saw the problem. A meal was
smell of combustion reached him. A waft burning in the service cell.
of a burnt odor was coming from the “How’s everything going?” called the
back of the craft. Gil inched his way to Governor.
the dingy, dirty engine room to check the “Just great!” Gil answered with a smile
status. If necessary, he was prepared to as he hurried back to the controls.

1. What does combustion mean? What clues help you to determine the meaning?

2. What is a waft? What clues help you to determine the meaning?

3. How do context clues help you determine the meaning of dingy?

4. What does negotiate mean as it is used in this text? How can you use context clues to determine © Pearson Education, Inc., 6

this meaning?

5. What does traversed mean? What clues help you to determine the meaning?

Home Activity Your child identified and used context clues to understand unfamiliar words in a passage.
Work with your child to identify unfamiliar words in an article or fiction story. Have him or her find context
clues to help clarify the meanings of the unfamiliar words.

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Dictionary and Glossary

• A dictionary is a book of words and their meanings. Words are listed in alphabetical order, and
each entry shows a word’s spelling, syllable parts, pronunciation, and parts of speech. Many
entry words contain more than one definition and more than one part of speech.
• A glossary is a short dictionary at the back of some books. It includes definitions of words used
in the book. Often it tells the page number where the word can be found.
• Entry words in dictionaries and glossaries are usually printed in boldface. Using guide words can
help you find entry words quickly. Pairs of guide words appear at the top of each page and show
the page’s first and last entry words.

Directions Use the following glossary entries to answer the questions below.

oppose to be against (page 289)

orbit to travel in an orbit or circle (page 231)
orbiter a person or object that travels in an orbit (page 231)
organism a living thing (page 38)

1. Under which pair of guide words—operate and orient, oak and oral, or orchard and outer—
would you find the four glossary entries shown above?

2. In what order are these four entry words presented?

3. Which of these four words appears earliest in the main text? On what page does the word appear?

4. Why is only one definition listed for each entry word above?
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

5. To find out all possible parts of speech for the word orbit, what resource could you use?

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Directions Use this dictionary entry for orbit to answer the questions below.

or•bit (ôr’ bit) n. 1. eye socket; 2. the path of a heavenly

body or spacecraft revolving around a heavenly body;
3. the scope of a person’s activity; v. 1. to travel in an
orbit or circle; 2. to put into motion in a circle in space
SYN path, course [<Latin orbita, path <orbis, a circle]

6. How many definitions are listed in this entry?

7. Which parts of speech for orbit are listed? What is a synonym for orbit?

8. Which definition listed above best fits the meaning of orbit in the sentence, “Mars, Neptune, and
Pluto orbit the sun”?

9. How many syllables does orbit have? Where do the syllables divide? Which syllable is accented?

10. What is the origin of the word orbit? How does this origin relate to the meaning of the word?
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

Home Activity Your child learned about using dictionaries and glossaries as resources. Look at a dictionary
together. Ask your child to locate several entries, using guide words. Discuss the elements of the entry,
including pronunciation, word history, part(s) of speech, and definition.

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Schwa
Proofread a List  Circle six misspelled words in the list. Write the words
correctly. Find a sentence with a capitalization error. Write it correctly. Spelling
Spelling
Words
Words
different
sentence
How to Conserve Energy American
There are many ways you can conserve Energy. brilliant
For instence: substitute
• Install insulating matiriel and different, energy-efficient
opinion
material
doors and windows.
complete
• Plant trees to block the wind and to provide shade. jewelry
•T
 urn lights off when you don’t need them, dramatic
and use less briliant bulbs. instance
• U
 se less hot water, turn down the thermostat on your communicate
water heater, and insulate your water heater and pipes. hesitate
• Drive slower and keep your car properly maintained. elementary
vitamin
• If you can, substatute public transportation for driving ingredients
a car. invitation
• D
 isipline yourself to recycle, and don’t hesatate to discipline
reuse anything you can. lasagna
desperate
1. ________________ 2. _________________
Frequently
3. ________________ 4. _________________ Misspelled
Word
5. ________________ 6. _________________
outside
7. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

Proofread Words  Circle the word that is spelled correctly. Write it.
8. discipline disipline discplane 8. ________________
9. jewelery jewelry jewlry 9. ________________
10. hezitate hesutate hesitate 10. ________________
11. lasana lasanya lasagna 11. ________________
12. opinion opinyun opineon 12. ________________

Home Activity  Your child identified misspelled words. Read list words your child did not write on this page
and have your child spell them.

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Subject-Verb Agreement
Directions  Read the passage. Then read each question. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Tomatoes Galore
(1) My grandfather have a green thumb. (2) He and my grandmother grow every
type of vegetable. (3) The whole family enjoy the rewards of their backyard summer
garden. (4) The beautiful round and red tomatoes are their best product. (5) They is
plentiful in the summer garden, too many for us to use. (6) We have cooking contests
to see who makes the best pasta sauce with their fresh tomatoes. (7) Last summer my
mother, father, brother, and I was winners of the family contest! (8) We will still have
sauce next summer when Grandma and Grandpa have a new crop of fresh tomatoes.

1 What change, if any, should be made in 4 What is true about sentence 5?

sentence 1? A The subject is singular.
A Change have to has B The verb is an action verb.
B Change My to our C The subject and verb agree.
C Add -s to grandfather D None of the above
D Make no change

5 What change, if any, should be made in

2 What change, if any, should be made in sentence 7?
sentence 3? A Delete -s from winners
A Change family to families B Change was to were
B Delete -s from rewards C Change I to me
C Change enjoy to enjoys D Make no change
D Make no change

3 How would you describe the subject in

sentence 4? © Pearson Education, Inc., 6

A Plural noun
B Singular noun
C Collective noun
D None of the above

Home Activity  Your child prepared for taking tests on subject-verb agreement. Ask your child to read aloud
and correct sentences 2 and 8.

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