Everything you need to know about Machine Learning

BE G I NNE R M A C HI NE LE A RNI NG

This article was published as a part of the Data Science Blogathon.

Introductory

Ar tificial Intelligence is purely math and scientific exercise but when it becomes computational, it starts
to solve human problems.

Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence. ML is the study of computer algorithms that
improve automatically through experience. ML explores the study and construction of algorithms that can
learn from data and make predictions on data. Based on more data, machine learning can change actions
and responses which will make it more efficient, adaptable, and scalable.

Deep Learning is a technique for implementing machine learning algorithms. It uses Ar tificial Neural
Networks for training data to achieve highly promising decision making. The neural network performs
micro calculations with computational on many layers and can handle tasks like humans.

Types of Machine Learning

1. Supervised Learning: In a supervised learning model, the algorithm learns on a labeled dataset, to
generate expected predictions for the response to new data.

Eg; For House price prediction, we first need data about houses such as; square foot, no. of rooms, the house has a garden or not, and
so on features. We then need to know the prices of these houses ie; class labels. Now data coming from thousands of houses, their
features, and prices, we can now train a supervised machine learning model to predict a new house’s price based on past experiences of
the model.

Supervised Learning is of two types:

a) Classification: In Classification, a computer program is trained on a training dataset, and based on the
training it categorizes the data in different class labels. This algorithm is used to predict the discrete
values such as male|female, true|false, spam|not spam, etc.

Eg; Email spam detection, speech recognition, identification of cancer cells, etc.

Types of Classification Algorithms:

Naive Bayes classifier

Decision Trees
Logistic Regression
K-Nearest Neighbours
Support vector machine
Random forest classification

b) Regression: The task of the regression algorithm is to find the mapping function to map input
variables(x) to the continuous output variable(y). Regression algorithms are used to predict continuous
values such as price, salary, age, marks, etc.

Eg; Weather prediction, house price prediction, fake news detection, etc.

Types of Regression Algorithms:

 Simple linear Regression
Multiple linear Regression
polynomial Regression
Decision Tree Regression
Random forest Regression
Ensemble Method

2. Unsupervised Learning: In an unsupervised learning model, the algorithm learns on an unlabeled

dataset and tries to make sense by extracting features, co-occurrence, and underlying patterns on its own.

Eg; Anomaly detection, including fraud detection. Another example is Opening emergency hospitals to the maximum prone to accident
areas. K-means clustering will group these locations of max prone areas into clusters and define a cluster center(ie;hospital) for each
cluster(ie;accident prone areas).

Types of Unsupervised Learning:

Clustering
Anomaly detection
Association
Autoencoders
Latent variable models
Neural Networks

3. Reinforcement Learning: Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where the model learns
to behave in an environment by performing some actions and analyzing the reactions. RL takes appropriate
action in order to maximize the positive response in the particular situation. The reinforcement model
decides what actions to take in order to perform a given task that’s why it is bound to learn from the
experience itself.

Eg; Lets take an example of a baby when she is learning how to walk. In the first case, when the baby starts walking and makes it to the
chocolate since the chocolate is the end goal for the baby and the response of a baby is positive as she is happy. In the second case,
when the baby starts walking and while walking she gets hit by the chair and couldnot reach to the chocolate then she starts crying
which is a negative response. It is to say that how we human learn from trail and error. Here, the baby is “agent” , chocolate is the
“reward” and many hurdles in between. Now the agent tries several ways and finds out the best possible path to reach the reward.

Machine Learning Life cycle

Machine Learning helps to increase the performance and productivity of the task. It includes learning and
self-correction when introduced with new data.
Machine Learning lifecycle involves six major steps:

Step 1: Gathering Data

Identify various data sources such as Kaggle and collect the required dataset

Step 2: Data Preprocessing and EDA

In this step, we do an analysis of the data for missing values, duplicate data, invalid data using different
analytical techniques. And also preprocessing the data for feature extractions, feature analysis, and data
visualization.

Step 3: Train Model

We use a dataset to train the model using various machine learning algorithms. Training a model is
important so that it can understand the various patterns, rules, and features.

Step 4: Test Model

In this step, we check for the accuracy of our model by providing a test dataset to the trained model.

 
Step 5: Model Deployment

Model deployment means integrating a machine learning model into an existing production environment
that takes input and returns output to make business decisions based on data. Various technologies that
you can use to deploy your machine learning models are listed:

Docker
Kubernetes
AWS SageMaker
MLFlow
Azure Machine Learning Service

Step 6: Model Monitoring

After deployment of the model here comes model monitoring which monitors your machine learning
models for factors like errors, crashes, and latency and most importantly to ensure that your model is
maintaining the desired performance. Model monitoring is very important because your models will
degrade over time due to several factors such as unseen data, changes in the environment, and
relationships between variables.

Some Real-World Applications of Machine Learning

Automatic Language Translation in Google Translate

Faster route selection in Google Map
Driverless/Self-driving car
Smartphone with face recognition
Speech Recognition
Ads Recommendation System
Netflix Recommendation System
Auto friend tagging suggestion in Facebook
Stock market trading
Fraud Detection
Weather Prediction
Medical Diagnosis
Chatbot
Machine Learning in Agriculture

Benefits of machine learning

 Work Automation
Powerful predictive Ability
Increased in sales in the e-commerce market
ML benefits in the medical domain for enhancing medical diagnosis, drug development
Machine Learning is used in robotic medical surgery
ML in finance increases productivity enhances revenue and gives secure transactions
Modeling the data to make useful decisions

Summary

Machine Learning can be used in almost all sectors of human life to make our work efficient, robust, and
Uncomplicated. As we know everything comes with its own pros and cons, machine learning has also its
disadvantages such as with the increase in machine learning many people may lose their current scenario
job. But most impor tantly it is beneficial in the long run for humankind.

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