SESSION 1 4.

Which of the following learning domains is

the easiest to translate?
1. This is the degree by which individuals have a. Cognitive
the capacity to obtain, process, and understand b. Psychomotor
basic health c. Affective
information and services needed to make d. None of the above
appropriate health decisions Answer: A
a. Health promotion Rationale: Because it involves the facts and
b. Health education concepts that the RT wants the patient to know
c. Health literacy and apply by the end of the
d. Disease prevention education session.
Answer: C
Rationale: Health literacy encompasses 5. Which of the following influences the
educational, social, and cultural factors that patient’s ability to learn according to the
influence an individual. affective domain of learning?
a. Behavior and intelligence
2. Which of these are NOT clues that indicate b. Determination and eagerness
reading or writing is a concern and for c. Attitudes and motivations
respiratory therapists to be d. Beliefs and practices
sensitive? Answer: C
a. Patient repeatedly is noncompliant Rationale: In the affective domain, the RT must
b. Insistence on taking the information home to know that attitudes and motivations of the
read patient is the one that
c. Demonstrates confidence in repeating the influences their ability to learn.
information mentioned by the therapist
d. Talks about something else and not on topic 6. According to the Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Answer: C Needs, this need is found at the lowest part of
Rationale: Letter C demonstrates a positive clue the pyramid
with regard to the health literacy of the patient. a. Physiologic
b. Safety and security
3. Which of the following is NOT a learning c. Love and belongingness
domain? d. Self-esteem
a. Cognitive Answer: A
b. Spiritual Rationale: According to Maslow the need that is
c. Psychomotor found on the lowest portion of the need
d. Affective pyramid is the physiologic needs,
Answer: B followed by safety and security, love and
Rationale: There are only three learning belongingness, self-esteem, and self-
domains namely: cognitive, psychomotor, and actualization.
affective domains in learning.
7. In order to improve the health education of a d. Maintaining the well-being
patient, the RT must do which of the following Answer: A
first? Rationale: The primary goal of health education
a. Address the patient’s immediate concerns is behavior change, and it is designed to
b. Create an optimal learning environment. promote, maintain, and improve
Teach in a quiet and relaxed setting. both individual and community health.
c. Keep sessions short. If the material is
complex, break it down into brief segments. SESSION 2
d. Be organized. People learn more quickly
when they are presented with information that 1. Which of the following is NOT a quality of
is well organized. effective teaching?
Answer: A a. Increase patient satisfaction
Rationale: By addressing the patient’s b. Decrease patient anxiety
immediate concerns first, the RT would delivery c. Make the patient dependent
the health education of the patient d. Ensure continuity of care
with ease and without interruptions. Answer: C
Rationale: Making the patient dependent is not
8. Children in health education are more a good quality of effective teaching. We should
motivated in external factors such as allow the patient to be
a. Feelings independent of certain aspects of their life.
b. Peers
c. Family members 2. According to Orr, “Illness can become a/an
d. Prizes a. Educational opportunity
Answer: D b. Experience
Rationale: One strategy in motivating children c. Traumatic lesson
to learn, especially in the health care setting, d. None of the above
would be to offer them prizes. Answer: A
Rationale: Orr (1990) observes, “Illness can
9. Health promotion helps people change their become an educational opportunity... a
a. Habits teachable moment’ when ill health
b. Practices suddenly encourages [patient] to take a more
c. Diet active role in their care”
d. Lifestyle
Answer: D 3. The education process has two major
Rationale: Health promotion helps people interdependent operations namely
change their lifestyles in a variety of settings, a. Senses and cognition
from the home or school to the b. Demonstration and application
workplace or the health care agency or c. Listening and comprehension
institution. d. Teaching and learning
Answer: D
10. The primary goal of health education is Rationale: The education process is a
a. Behavior change systematic, sequential, logical, scientifically
b. Prevention of diseases based, planned course of action
c. Empowering the patient
consisting of two major interdependent 7. This is the process of influencing the behavior
operations: teaching and learning. of respiratory therapists
a. Patient education
4. Which of the following is NOT a basic element b. Staff education
of the education process? c. Education process
a. Assessment d. Teaching and instruction
b. Planning Answer: A
c. Diagnosis Rationale: Staff education, by contrast, is the
d. Implementation process of influencing the behavior of RTs by
Answer: C producing changes in their
Rationale: The education process, consists of knowledge, attitudes, values, and skills, to help
the basic elements of assessment, planning, RTs maintain and improve their competencies
implementation, and as required for the delivery
evaluation of quality care to the consumer.

5. The purpose of staff education is to increase 8. The model used by Rega in the health
which of the following among respiratory education process is known as the
therapists? a. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
a. Competence and confidence b. Scientific process
b. Knowledge and skills c. Education process
c. Practices and beliefs d. ASSURE model
d. Cognition and understanding Answer: D
Answer: A Rationale: A useful paradigm to assist RTs to
Rationale: The purpose of staff education and organize and carry out the education process is
student education is to increase the the ASSURE model (Rega,
competence and confidence of RTs 1993). This model is appropriate for all health
to function independently in providing care to professional educators.
the consumer.
9. Nowadays the role of the educator has
6. Which of the following is NOT a health- shifted to
related behavior? a. Giver of information
a. Knowledge b. Demonstration of skills
b. Skills c. Process designer and manager
c. Values d. Purveyor of knowledge
d. Behavior Answer: C
Answer: D Rationale: The role of the educator has shifted
Rationale: Patient education is a process of from the traditional “giver of information”
assisting people to learn health-related position to that of a process
behaviors (knowledge, skills, designer and manager.
attitudes, and values) so that they can
incorporate those behaviors into everyday life
with the goal of assisting clients to
achieve the goal of optimal health and
independence in self-care
10. The first step in the education process is by the healthcare facility; and in standards and
a. Evaluation codes of ethical behaviors established and
b. Implementation promulgated by professional
c. Planning respiratory therapy organizations.
d. assessment
Answer: A 3. It is also known as “ truth telling” and is
Rationale: The order of doing the education closely linked with informed decision making
process is as follows: 1. Assessment, 2. and informed consent.
Planning, 3. Implementation, and 4. A. Autonomy C. Confidentiality
Evaluation B. Veracity D. Non-maleficence
ANSWER: B
SESSION 3 Rationale: Veracity provided a basis in law for
patient education or instruction regarding
invasive medical procedures,
1.Which of the following Ethical Principles refer
including the truth regarding risks or benefits
to personal information that is entrusted and
involved in these procedures.
protected as privileged information via a social
contact, healthcare standard or code, or legal
4. Which refers to the right of self –
covenant.
determination:
A. Autonomy C. Confidentiality A. Autonomy C. Confidentiality
B. Veracity D. Non-maleficence B. Veracity D. Non-maleficence
Answer: C ANSWER: A
Rationale: Confidentiality refers to personal Rationale: Autonomy is protecting the patient’s
information that is entrusted and protected as right to make choices independently.
privileged information via a social
contact, healthcare standard or code, or legal 5. Which “refers to limited class of negligent
covenant. The RTe may not disclose information activities committed within the scope of
acquired in a professional performance by those pursuing a
capacity from a patient without the consent of particular profession involving highly skilled and
the patient “unless the patient has been the technical services”
victim or subject of a crime, the A. Negligence C. Non-maleficence
commission of which is the subject of legal B. Malpractice D. Justice
proceeding in which the RT is a witness” ANSWER: B
Rationale: Malpractice has been specifically
2. It is defined as “doing good” for the benefit of defined also as “negligence, misconduct, or
others. breach of duty by a professional
A. Beneficence C. Justice person that results in the injury or damage to
B. Confidentiality D. Non-maleficence the patient”
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Beneficence is defined as “doing 6. Which refers to the guiding principles of
good” for the benefit of others. behavior;
It is an adherence to critical tasks and duties A. Ethics C. Legal rights and duties
contained in job descriptions; in policies, B. Moral D. Practiced Acts
procedures, and protocols set forth ANSWER: A
Rationale: Ethics refers to guiding behavioral 10. Who purported a teleological approach.
principles. A. Immanuel Kant C. Justice Benjamin Cardozo
B. John Stuart Mill D. American Association for
7. Which documents define a profession and Respiratory Therapy
were developed to protect the public from ANSWER: B
unqualified practitioners and to Rationale: John Stuart Mill, who purported a
protect the professional’s title. teleological approach which allows the sacrifice
A. Ethics C. Legal rights and duties of one or more individual so
B. Moral D. Practiced Acts that a group of people can benefit in some
ANSWER: D important way. This approach believed that
Rationale: Practiced Acts also describes the given the alternatives, choices
profession’s scope of practice, and provide should be made that result in the greatest good
guidelines for state professional for the greatest number of people.
board of respiratory therapy regarding standard
for practice, entry to profession via licensure, SESSION 4
and disciplinary actions that
can be taken if necessary. 1. Money realized through decreased use of
costly services, shortened lengths of stay, or
8. Which is an ethical belief system that stresses fewer complications resulting
the importance of doing one’s duty and from preventive services or patient education
following the rules. A. Cost Savings
A. Morality C. Beneficence B. Cost Benefit
B. Deontology D. Non maleficence C. Cost Recovery
ANSWER: B D .Indirect Costs
Rationale: Deontology stresses respect for ANSWER: A
individual’s right , and one person should never Rationale: Cost Savings are money realized
be treated merely for the through decreased use of costly services
benefit or well – being of another person or
group. 2. Those that may be fixed but not necessarily
directly related to a particular activity, such as
9. Informed consent, which is a basic tenet of expenses of heating,
ethical thought, was established in the courts as lighting, housekeeping, maintenance, etc.
early as 1914 by: A. Cost Savings
A. Immanuel Kant C. Justice Benjamin Cardozo B. Cost Benefit
B. John Stuart Mill D. American Association for C. Cost Recovery
Respiratory Therapy D. Indirect Costs
ANSWER: C ANSWER: D
Rationale: Cardozo also determined that every Rationale: Those that may be fixed but not
adult of sound mind has a right to protect his or necessarily directly related to a particular
her own body and to activity
determine how it shall be treated.
3. Occurs when revenues generated are equal Rationale: The relationship (ratio) between
to or greater than expenditures actual program costs and actual program
A. Cost Savings benefits, as measured in monetary
B. Cost Benefit terms, to determine if revenue generation was
C. Cost Recovery realized. This is Cost-Benefit Analysis
D. Indirect Costs
ANSWER: C 7. These were developed with the expectation
Rationale: Cost Recovery Occurs when revenues that hospitals and health care institutions would
generated are equal to or greater than support the rights in the
expenditures interest of delivering effective patient care.
A. Patient’s Bill of Rights
4. Those are stable and ongoing, such as B. Joint Commission (JC)
salaries, mortgage, utilities, durable equipment, C. State Regulations
etc. D. Federal Regulations
A. Fixed Costs ANSWER: A
B. Cost-Benefit Analysis Rationale: A Patient’s Bill of Rights were
C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis developed with the expectation that hospitals
D. Variable Costs and health care institutions
ANSWER: A would support the rights in the interest of
Rationale: Fixed Costs are those that are stable delivering effective patient care.
and ongoing, such as salaries, mortgage,
utilities, durable equipment, 8. This is an independent, not-for-profit group in
etc. the United States that administers voluntary
accreditation programs
5. Those related to fluctuation in volume, for hospitals and other healthcare organizations
program attendance, occupancy rates, etc. A. Patient’s Bill of Rights
A. Fixed Costs B. Joint Commission (JC)
B. Cost-Benefit Analysis C. State Regulations
C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis D. Federal Regulations
D. Variable Costs ANSWER: B
ANSWER: D Rationale: Joint Commission (JC) This is an
Rationale: Variable Costs are those related to independent, not-for-profit group in the United
fluctuation in volume, program attendance, States that administers voluntary
occupancy rates, etc. accreditation programs for hospitals and other
healthcare organizations
6. The relationship (ratio) between actual
program costs and actual program benefits, as
measured in monetary terms, to
determine if revenue generation was realized
A. Fixed Costs
B. Cost-Benefit Analysis
C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
D. Variable Costs
ANSWER: B
9. It refers to the expansion in the use of rule- Rationale: Learning is heavily influenced by the
making, monitoring and enforcement culture and occurs as a social process in
techniques and institutions by interaction with others.
the state and to a parallel change in the way its A person’s knowledge may not necessarily
positive functions in society are being carried reflect reality, but through collaboration and
out. negotiation, new understanding is
A. A Patient’s Bill of Rights acquired.
B. Joint Commission (JC)
C. State Regulations 2. A learning that occurs as the organism
D. Federal Regulations responds to stimuli in the environment and is
ANSWER: C reinforced for making aparticular response.
Rationale: State Regulations refers to the Performance Role modeldemonstrates
expansion in the use of rule-making, monitoring behavior, whichis perceived by
and enforcement techniques the learner to bereinforced(vicarious
and institutions by the state and to a parallel reinforcement);model mayfacilitate or
change in the way its positive functions in inhibit learning abehavior
society are being carried out A. Respondent Conditioning
B. Social Constructivist Perspective
10. They are specific details directives or C. Gestalt Perspective
requirements with the force of law enacted by D. Operant Conditioning
the agencies necessary to enforce Answer: D
the legislative acts passed by Congress. Rationale: A reinforcer is applied after a
A. A Patient’s Bill of Rights response, strengthening the probability that the
B. Joint Commission (JC) response will be performed again
C. State Regulations under similar conditions.
D. Federal Regulations
ANSWER: D 3. A Perception and the patterning of stimuli are
Rationale: Federal Regulations are specific the keys to learning, with each learner
details directives or requirements with the force perceiving, interpreting, and
of law enacted by reorganizing experiences in her/his own way.
the agencies necessary to enforce the legislative A. Respondent Conditioning
acts passed by Congress. B. Social Constructivist Perspective
C. Gestalt Perspective
SESSION 5 D. Operant Conditioning
Answer: C
1. A person’s knowledge may not necessarily Rationale: Learning occurs through the
reflect reality, but through collaboration and reorganization of elements to form new insights
negotiation, new understanding and understanding.Perception is
is acquired. selective.
A. Respondent Conditioning
B. Social Constructivist Perspective
C. Gestalt Perspective
D. Operant Conditioning
Answer: B
4. Also called association learning or 2. This is the single most important person in
classical/Pavlovian conditioning where learning the education process.
occurs as the organism A. The learner
responds to stimulus conditions and forms B. The teacher
associations. C. The patience
A. Respondent Conditioning D. The licensed
B. Social Constructivist Perspective ANSWER: A
C. Gestalt Perspective Rationale: The learner and not the teacher is
D. Operant Conditioning the single most important person in the
Answer: A education process.
Rationale: A neutral stimulus is paired with an
unconditioned stimulus–unconditioned 3. All of the following are considered as
response connection until the Determinants of learning, except one:
neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned A. Readiness to Learn
stimulus that elicits the conditioned response. B. Learning Style
C. Learners’ best learnings
5. A phase in the Social Learning Theory that is D. Learners’ feeds
influenced by vicarious reinforcement and ANSWER: D
punishment Rationale: Determinants of learning consists of:
A. Motivational What the learner needs to learn (Readiness to
B. Attentional Learn), Learning Style
C. Retention (when the learner is receptive to learning), and
D. Reproduction how the learner best learns. Learner’s feeds is
Answer: A not included in the choices
Rationale: Covert cognitive activity, since it covers all these.
consequences of behavior, and self-
reinforcement and punishment 4. One of the following is not included in the
determinants of learning:
SESSION 7 A. The needs of the learner
B. The state of readiness to learn
1. It is one of the most essential interventions C. The preferred learning styles for processing
that a respiratory therapist performs. information.
A. The role of educating others D. The preferred needs assessment.
B. The education process ANSWER: D
C. The learning needs Rationale: To meet these challenges, the
D. The role of readiness to Learn respiratory therapist educator must be aware of
ANSWER: A the various factors that
Rationale: The respiratory therapist-educator influence how well an individual learns. The
identifies the information of learners’ need and three determinants of learning that require
consider their readiness to assessment are: the needs of
learn and their styles of learning. the learner, the state of readiness to learn, and
the preferred learning styles for processing
information.
5. The effectiveness of care rendered by 3. Needs that are not life dependent but are
respiratory therapists clearly depends on this related to well-being or quality care
step prior to interventions a. Mandatory
A. evaluation b. Desirable
B. planning c. Possible
C. implementation d. Threatened
D. assessmen ANSWER: B
ANSWER: D Rationale: Although desirable needs is not life
Rationale: The effectiveness of respiratory dependent, still they are related to the well-
therapy care clearly depends on the scope, being or quality care of a person
accuracy, and comprehensiveness
of assessment prior to interventions. 4. This assessment will yield informati
on that reflects the climate of the organization.
SESSION 8 What is the organization’s
philosophy, mission, strategic plan, and goals?
1. There are criteria for prioritizing the health a. Assess demands of the organization.
needs. In this criteria, needs that must be b. Risk-Taking Behavior
learned for survival or when c. Determine availability of educational
learner’s life or safety is threatened resources
a. Mandatory d. Structured Interviews
b. Desirable ANSWER: A
c. Possible Rationale: The educator should be familiar with
d. Threatened standards of performance required in various
ANSWER: A employee categories, along
Rationale: Mandatory needs must be learned with job descriptions and hospital, professional,
for survival or when learner’s life or safety is and agency regulations
threatened
5. This criteria for prioritizing needs for
2. This drive to learn comes from within the information are nice to know but not essential
learner. Usually, this type of learner will indicate or required because they are
a need to know by not directly related to daily activities
asking questions. a. Mandatory
a. External Locus of Control b. Desirable
b. Internal Locus of Control c. Possible
c. Experiential readiness d. Threatened
d. Present Knowledge Base ANSWER: C
ANSWER: B Rationale: Possible are those needs for
Rationale: When patients are internally information that are nice to know but not
motivated to learn and they are ready to learn essential or required because they are
when they feel a need to know not directly related to daily activities
about something.
6. It refers to the learner’s past experiences Rationale: Assessment of Learning needs
with learning. Before starting to teach, the include the following: Identify the learner;
educator should assess Choose the right setting; Collect
whether previous learning experiences have data about, and from, the learner; Involve
been positive or negative in overcoming members of the healthcare team; Prioritize
problems or accomplishing needs; Determine availability of
new tasks. educational resources; Assess demands of the
a. Knowledge readiness organization; Take time-management issues
b. Experiential readiness into account.
c. Emotional readiness
d. Physical readiness 9. A list of needs can become endless and
ANSWER: B seemingly impossible to accomplish. Maslow’s
Rationale: Someone who has had negative (1970) hierarchy of
experiences with learning is not likely to be human needs may help the educator prioritize
motivated or willing to take a risk identified learning needs.
in trying to change behavior or acquire new a. Identify the learner
behaviors. b. Prioritize needs
c. Assess demands of the organization
7. Anxiety is a factor that influences the ability d. Involve members of the healthcare team
to perform at a cognitive, affective, and ANSWER: B
psychomotor level. Depending Rationale: The educator can then assist the
on the level of anxiety, it may or may not be a learner to meet the most basic needs first.
hindrance to the learning of new skills. Learning of other needs will be
a. Knowledge readiness delayed if basic needs are not attended to first
b. Experiential readiness and foremost.
c. Emotional readiness
d. Physical readiness 10. This is perhaps the most common form of
ANSWER: C needs assessment to solicit the learner’s point
Rationale: Fear is a major contributor to anxiety of view. The respiratory
and thus negatively affects readiness to learn in therapist asks the learner direct and often
any of the learning predetermined questions to gather information
domains. The performance of a task in and of about learning needs.
itself may be fear-inducing to a patient because a. Structured interview
of its very nature or b. Risk taking behavior
meaning. c. Locust of control
d. Prioritize needs
8. One of the following is not included in the ANSWER: A
assessment of learning needs Rationale: The respiratory therapist asks the
a. Identify the learner. learner direct and often predetermined
b. Choose the right setting. questions to gather information about
c. Collect data about, and from, the learner. learning needs.
d. Involve members of allied health sciences
ANSWER: D