INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions.

Write the letter of your choice on the

answer sheet provided.
1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence and
extinguish criminal liability.
A. Parole C. Executive clemency
B. Pardon D. President’s clemency
2. B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:
A. Executive Department C. P.N.P.
B. D.I.L.G. D. none of these
3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole officer, which one is not.
A. The trick and treat techniques
B. The executive techniques
C. The guidance, counseling and leadership techniques
D. The manipulative techniques
4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.
A. Penology School C. Classical School
B. Neo-classical D. Positivist
5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems
A. Meeting C. Working
B. Recreation D. Counseling
6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming, budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to
financial services. It consolidates and prepares financial reports and related statements of subsistence outlays and
disbursements in the operational of the jail.
A. Budget and finance branch C. General services branch
B. Property and supply branch D. Mess services branch
7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe checked at any time. His beddings, lockers and
personal belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his presence, whenever possible. This practice is known as:
A. Check and balance C. S.O.P.
B. Inventory D. Operation Greyhound
8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.
A. Murder C. Brigandage
B. Rape D. Impeachment
9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of sentence of penalty imposed for another previous
offense.
A. Recidivism C. delinquency
B. Quasi-recidivism D. City prisoner
10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance and has not been convicted is a –
A. Detention Prisoner C. Provincial Prisoner
B. Municipal Prisoner D. City Prisoner
11. Forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT
A. commutation C. reform model
B. amnesty D. probation
12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
A. conviction C. corrections
B. penalty D. punishment
13. Pardon cannot be exercised in which of the following instances
A. before conviction C. before trial
B. after conviction D. before conviction and before trial
14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue his normal job during the week and return to the jail
to serve his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
A. amnesty C. good conduct time allowance
B. probation D. delayed sentence
15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT
A. Retribution C. deterrence
B. Happiness D. expiration or atonement
16. Pardon is exercised when the person is ___________________________.
A. already convicted C. not yet convicted
B. about to be convicted D. serve the sentence
17. This kind of punishment will be given to the offender by showing to others what would happen to them if they
have committed the heinous crime.
A. Protection C. Deterrence
B. Lethal injection D. Stoning
18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of ______________________.
A. Punishment C. Treatment
B. Enjoyment D. Encarceration
19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be ____________________.
A. Recommendation from U.N. C. Recommendation from C.H.R.
B. Application D. Concurrence of the congress
20. The highest official of the bureau of corrections.
A. Director C. Secretary of the DND
B. Chief of Executive D. Prison Inspector
21. It plays a unique role in the moral and spiritual regeneration of man
A. vocation C. work
B. education D. religion
22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted to enter the place designated in the sentence or
within the radius therein specified, which shall not be more than 250 and not less than 25 kilometers from the place
designated.
A. P 30.00/day C. P 25.00/day
B. P 22.00/day D. P 19.00/day
23. Punishing a criminal to serve as example to others is a theory of ______________.
A. Self-defense C. Social defense
B. Exemplary D. Equality
24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to
A. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender
which might be less probable if he were to serve a prison sentence.
B. Prevent the commission of offenses
C. Promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with individualized treatment
D. All of these
25. The most common problem of the National prison is
A. Excessive number of escapes C. Overcrowding
B. Disagreement about their mess D. Lack of adequate funding
26. Nobody can assume the suffering for a crime committed by others.
A. Justice C. Personal
B. Legal D. Certain
27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;
A. Age of offenders C. Mother of offender
B. Sex of offenders D. Medical condition
28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu, makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks
the food and serves it to the inmates. It maintains a record of daily purchases and consumption and submits a daily
report to the Warden.
A. General Services Branch C. Mittimus Computing Branch
B. Budget and Finance D. Mess services Branch
29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the Philippines Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
A. Department of Justice C. Judiciary
B. Chief Executive D. Legislative
30. It is a temporary stay of execution of sentence.
A. reprieve C. pardon
B. communication D. amnesty
31. Parole is not matter of _____________________.
A. privilege C. right
B. grace D. requirement
32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as dangerous as the super
security prisoners. They are not allowed to work outside the institution.
A. maximum security prisoners C. super security prisoners
B. minimum security prisoners D. medium security prisoners
33. Parole is granted by the
A. President C. Board of Pardons and Parole
B. Director of Prison D. Court
34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
A. partially exempted C. exempted
B. conditionally exempted D. not exempted
35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence to a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
A. Amnesty C. commutation
B. Reprieve D. none of these
36. ____________ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to it as a matter of right.
A. pardon C. parole
B. probation D. none of these
37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated that the individual has the ability to _________ and to
modify his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
A. challenge C. none of these
B. change D. aggravate his behavior
38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _________________.
A. Department of Social Welfare and Development
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of the Interior and Local Government
D. Department of Health
39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over three (3) years is a _________________.
A. Municipal prisoner
B. Detention prisoner
C. National or Insular prisoner
D. City prisoner
40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is known as –
A. Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
B. Director of the Bureau of Corrections
C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
D. None of these
41. What are the type of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
A. Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails
B. City and Municipal Jails
C. District Jails
D. Insular Jails
42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the American Regime. At present, who supervises and
controls the said jails?
A. BJMP C. Provincial Government
B. DOJ D. LGU
43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?
A. Rehabilitation and Reformation C. to stand trial
B. Punishment D. socialization
44. A place of confinement for persons awaiting trial or curt action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment is known as:
A. Jail C. Lock-up
B. Penitentiary D. Detention Cells
45. A warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or detention is known as –
A. Mittimus C. Detention Mittimus
B. Sentence Mittimus D. Detention Warrant
46. The maintenance of care and protection accorded to people who by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated
for violation of laws and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve judgment is called –
A. custody C. safe-keeping
B. classification D. caring
E. protection
47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of offenders according to their sentence, gender, age,
nationality, health, criminal record, etc.?
A. classification C. custody
B. security D. safe-keeping
48. The open institution usually a penal farm or camp is known as the
A. NBP C. Medium Security Institution
B. Maximum Security Institution D. Minimum Security Institution
49. What is the act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the state which exempts an individual from the
punishment which the law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended by the President thru the recommendation
of the Board of Parole and Pardon?
A. Amnesty C. Parole
B. Pardon D. Probation
50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of prison uniform for maximum security prison is –
A. Orange C. Yellow E. Stripe Orange
B. Blue D. Pink
51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before admission it meant
A. Process of identification, record, fingerprint and photograph
B. Examination for contraband
C. His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
D. All of these
52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he –
A. earned good conduct time allowance credit
B. serve minimum sentence
C. earned good behavior while serving prison term
D. all of these
53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its latest objective, the –
A. reformation of offenders C. Deterrence
B. segregation of offender D. Confinement of Offenders
54. In the New Bilibid Prison, the medium security prisoners are confined at –
A. NBP Main Prison C. Camp Bukang Liwayway
B. Camp Sampaguita D. Medium Security Prison
55. Who is charged for the hearing of disciplinary cased in prison?
A. Classification Board C. Parole Board
B. Administrative Board D. Disciplinary Board
56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a
correctional
A. Conditional pardon C. Probation
B. Parole D. Commutation
57. Which of the following is the function of the Custodial Division?
A. Supervision of prisoners C. escort
B. Keep records D. all of the above
58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting the public and at the same time rehabilitating
them by requiring the latter to undergo institutional treatment program is referred to as:
A. imprisonment C. trial
B. conviction D. detention
59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National Penitentiary in the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in
_________________.
A. Palawan C. Zamboanga
B. Davao D. Occidental Mindoro
60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, credited as the oldest code prescribing savage
Punishment but in fact ____ is older.
A. Hammurabic Code C. Sumerian Code
B. Justinian Code D. Code of Draco
61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain. This means that:
A. The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
B. No one must escape its effect
C. It must be equal for all persons
D. The consequence must be in accordance with law.
62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in prison, except:
A. Censor offender’s inmate
B. Escort inmates
C. Inspect security devices
D. Conduct disciplinary hearing
63. When a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
centers shall immediately:
A. Sound the alarm C. locked prisoners in their respective cells
B. Notify the nearest police precinct D. call the warden or the director
64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force shall be immediately
issued firearms and assigned to critical posts to:
A. plug off the escape routes C. to shoot the escape
B. protect the other inmates D. to give warning shots
65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law, which grants probation to
prisoner sentenced to term in prison of not more than six (6) years –
A. PD 603 C. RA 6127 E. PD 968
B. PD 869 D. PD 698
66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and probationer is known as –
A. Affiliation Guidance C. Pre-sentenced Investigation
B. Supervision D. Probation Guidance
67. Those who have been once on probation under the Probation Law:
A. are qualified to apply for probation
B. are disqualified to apply for probation
C. may be granted for another probation
D. should be confined in prison
68. This pillar/component of our criminal justice system is responsible in the confinement, rehabilitation and
reformation of convicted offenders.
A. law enforcement C. prosecution
B. court D. corrections
69. The traditional and most basic goal of corrections.
A. retribution C. deterrence
B. incapacitation D. rehabilitation
70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of punishment.
A. retribution C. deterrence
B. incapacitation D. rehabilitation
71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she may not commit another crime in the future.
A. retribution C. deterrence
B. incapacitation D. rehabilitation
72. This refers to the phased reentry of an offender into society rather than the usual abrupt reentry at the end of a
prison sentence.
A. reintegration C. deterrence
B. incapacitation D. rehabilitation
73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553 and served as training schools for delinquent youths,
provided housing and support for older and poorer persons, and detained vagrants.
A. House of Corrections C. workhouses
B common jails D. penal colonies
74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails to
implement a better system of jail management nationwide
A. Bureau of Prisons C. Department of Justice
B. Bureau of Corrections D. Parole and Probation Administration
75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.
A, BJMP B. Bureau of Corrections
B. Provincial Government D. Parole and Probation Administration
76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with custody and rehabilitation of national offenders,
that is, those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three (3) years
A. BJMP C. Bureau of Corrections
B. Provincial Government D. Parole and Probation Administration
77. The New Bilibid Prison,The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW),Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and
Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm are all under this agency.
A. BJMP C. Bureau of Corrections
B. Provincial Government D. Parole and Probation Administration
78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which provides a less costly alternative to imprisonment of
offenders who are likely to respond to individualized community based treatment programs.
A. BJMP C. Bureau of Corrections
B. Provincial Government D. Parole and Probation Administration
79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to death penalty.
A. municipal prisoners C. provincial prisoners
B. city prisoners D. insular prisoners
80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six months.
A. municipal prisoners C. provincial prisoners
B. city prisoners D. insular prisoners
81. A prison model which sought penitence ( hence the term penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and
silence.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model C. Auburn Prison Model
B. Work Release D. Halfway Houses
82. Incarcerated persons are allowed to work outside the institution that houses them.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model C. Auburn Prison Model
B. Work Release D. Halfway Houses
83. An alternative granted after a convicted person served a part of his sentence and
is allowed to complete a sentence at large, subject to restrictions and supervision.
A. probation C. work release
B. parole D. halfway houses
84. An alternative to incarceration and allows convicted persons to remain at
large under varying degrees of restriction and supervision and certain conditions.
A. probation C. work release
B. parole D. halfway houses
85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain persons awaiting trial
or adjudication or confine convicted offenders for a short period of time.
A. halfway house C. penal colony
B. jail D. farm
86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain convicted offenders for
a longer or extended period of time, including those who are waiting their death
sentence.
A. halfway house C. halfway house
B. jail D. prison
87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP).
A. RA 8551 C. RA 9165
B. RA 6975 D. BP 22
88. Who among the following is the provincial prisoner?
A. A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
B. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
C. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years
D. A prisoner serving a term of three (3) years and one (1) day up
89. This theory in criminology states that are totally responsible for their behaviors and
the stress in more on the effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal
himself.
A. Positivist Theory C. Biological Theory
B. Biological Theory D. Classical Theory
90. Which of the following is exercised by executive elementary with the concurrence of
congress?
A. Probation C. Pardon
B. Amnesty D. Parole
91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers a ________corrections program.
A. Institutional C. Integrated
B. Community – based D. Traditional
92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is referred to us _______
A. A corporal punishment C. A determinate sentence
B. An indeterminate sentence D. A capital punishment
93. Juana was required to provide financial remuneration for the losses incurred by the victim.
What is the type of sentence?
A. Payment C. Retribution
B. Restitution D. Fines
94. An ________ program employs prisoners in various product or good producing tasks
A. Agricultural C. Operational
B. Industrial D. Administrative
95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as gambling, prostitution and
drunkenness?
A. Complex Crime C. Organized crimes
B. Blue Collar crimes D. Victimless crimes
96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and qualifications for the grant
of pardon or parole?
A. Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
D. Deterrence, punishment, incapacitation, treatment
97. Which of the following should be a probationer NOT DO?
A. Make periodic report
B. Go and play in the gambling den
C. Work regularly to support family
D. Stay away from bad associates.
98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals convicted and meted out
the penalty of
A. 12 years 6 months and one day C. Death
B. Life imprisonment D. 6 years one month and one day
99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal disorders, chromosomes
irregularity and abnormal brain activity.
A. Age Reform C. Age of Discernment
B. Age of Rehabilitation D. Age of Reason
100. What correctional institution houses accused persons awaiting trial?
A. Rehabilitation center C. Jail
B. Halfway house D. Prison

Correctional Administration Review Questions

1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to
suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence and
extinguish criminal liability.
A. Parole
B.Executive clemency
C. Pardon
D.President’s clemency Answer: B

2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:

A. Executive Department
B. P.N.P.
C. D.I.L.G.
D. D.O.J Answer: C

3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole

officer, which is not included?
A. The trick and treat techniques
B.The executive techniques
C.The guidance, counseling and leadership techniques
D.The manipulative techniques Answer: A

4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.

A. Penology School
B. Classical School
C. Neo-classical
D. Positivist Answer: B

5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems

A. Meeting
B. Working
C. Recreation
D. Counseling Answer: D

6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming,

budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial
services. It consolidates and prepares financial reports and
related statements of subsistence outlays and disbursements in
the operational of the jail.
A. Budget and finance branch
B. General services branch
C. Property and supply branch
D. Mess services branch Answer: A

7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe

checked at any time. His bedding's, lockers and personal
belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his presence,
whenever possible. This practice is known as:
A. Check and balance
B. S.O.P.
C. Inventory
D. Operation Greyhound Answer: D

8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.

A. Murder
B. Brigandage
C. Rape
D. Impeachment Answer: D

9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of

sentence of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
A. Recidivism
B. Delinquency
C. Quasi-recidivism
D. City prisoner Answer: C

10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance

and has not been convicted is a -
 A. Detention Prisoner
B. Provincial Prisoner
C. Municipal Prisoner
D. City Prisoner Answer: A

11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT

A. Commutation
B. Reform model
C. Amnesty
D. Pardon Answer: B

12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice

System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
A. conviction
B. corrections
C. penalty
D. punishment Answer: B

13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be exercised?

A. before conviction
B. before trial
C. after conviction
D. during service of sentence Answer: B

14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue

his normal job during the week and return to the jail to serve
his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
A. Amnesty
B. good conduct time allowance
C. probation
D. delayed sentence Answer: D

15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT

A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Redress
D. Expiration or atonement Answer: C

16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.

A. already convicted
B. not yet convicted
C. about to be convicted
D. serve the sentence Answer: A

17. The idea that punishment will be give the offender lesson by
showing to others what would happen to them if they have
committed the heinous crime.
A. Protection
B. Deterrence
C. Lethal injection
D.Stoning Answer: B

18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.

A. Punishment
B. Treatment
C. Enjoyment
D. Incarceration Answer: B

19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.

A. Recommendation from U.N.
B. Recommendation from C.H.R.
C. Application from C.H.R
D. Concurrence of the congress Answer: D

20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the

A. Director
B. Secretary of the DND
 C. Chief of Executive
D. Prison Inspector Answer: A

21. Which program plays a unique role in the moral and spiritual
regeneration of the prisoner?
A. None of these
B.Work programs
C.Education programs
D.Religious programs Answer: D

22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted

to enter the place designated in the sentence or within the radius
therein specified, which shall not be more than 250 and not less
than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
A. Fine
B. None of these
C. P22.00/day
D. P19.00/day Answer: B

23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to

others is the theory of
A. Self-defense
B. Social defense
C. Exemplary
D. Equality Answer: C

24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to

A. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a
penitent offender
B. prevent the commission of offenses
C. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender
by providing him with individualized treatment
D. All of these Answer: D

25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the

National Prison is
A. Excessive number of escapes
B. Overcrowding
C. Disagreement about their mess
D. Lack of adequate funding Answer: D

26. A justification of penalty which states that nobody can assume

the suffering for a crime committed by others.
A. Justice
B. Personal
C. Legal
D. Certain Answer: B

27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;

A. Age of offenders
B. Mother of offender
C. Sex of offenders
D. Medical condition Answer: B

28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu,
makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks the food and
serves it to the inmates.It maintains a record of daily purchases
and consumption and submits a daily report to the warden.
A. General Services Branch
B. Mittimus Computing Branch
C. Budget and Finance
D. Mess services Branch Answer: D

29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the Philippines

Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
A. Department of Justice
B. Judiciary
C. Chief Executive
 D. Legislative Answer: C

30. The temporary stay of execution of sentence is called

A. Reprieve
B. Pardon
C. Communication
D. Amnesty Answer: A

31. Parole is a matter of ___.

A. Privilege
B. Right
C. Grace
D. Requirement Answer: A

32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as

dangerous as the super security prisoners. They are not
allowed to work outside the institution.
A. maximum security prisoners
B. super security prisoners
C. minimum security prisoners
D. medium security prisoners Answer: A

33. Among the following, which has the authority to grant parole?
A. President
B. Board of Pardons and Parole
C. Director of Prison
D. Court Answer: B

34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil

liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
A. partially exempted
B. exempted
C. conditionally exempted
D. not exempted Answer: D

35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence to

a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
A. Amnesty
B. Commutation
C. Reprieve
D. none of these Answer: B

36. ___ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to

it as a matter of right.
A. Pardon
B. Parole
C. Probation
D. none of these Answer: B

37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated

that the individual has the ability to ____ and to modify
his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
A. challenge
B. none of these
C. change
D. aggravate his behavior Answer: C

38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _____.

A. Department of Social Welfare and Development
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of the Interior and Local Government
D. Department of Health Answer: B

39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over three

(3) years is a _________________.
A. Municipal prisoner
B. Detention prisoner
C. National or Insular prisoner
 D. City prisoner Answer: D

40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is also the

A. Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
B. Director of the Bureau of Corrections
C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
D. Warden Answer: B

41. What is the type of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
A. Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails
B. City and Municipal Jails
C. Lock up Jails
D. Insular Jails Answer: B

42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the

American Regime. At present, who supervises and controls the
said jails?
A. BJMP
B. Provincial Government
C. DOJ
D. Municipal or City Mayor Answer: B

43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?

A. Rehabilitation and Reformation
B. To stand trial
C. Punishment
D. Socialization Answer: A

44. Which is a place of confinement for persons awaiting trial or

court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment?
A. Jail
B. Lock-up
C. Penitentiary
D. Detention Cells Answer: A

45. Which is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and
signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or
detention?
A. Mittimus
B. Detention Mittimus
C. Sentence Mittimus
D. Detention Warrant Answer: C

46. The maintenance or care and protection accorded to people who

by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated for violation
of laws and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve
judgment is called –
A. custody
B. safe-keeping
C. classification
D. caring Answer: A

47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of offenders

according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.?
A. None of these
B. Custody
C. Security
D. Safe-keeping Answer: A

48. The institution for dangerous but not incorrigible prisoners

in the Philippines is the
A. NBP
B. Medium Security Institution
C. Maximum Security Institution
D. Minimum Security Institution Answer: B
49. The act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the
state which exempts an individual from the punishment which the
law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended by the President
thru the recommendation of the Board of Parole and Pardon is
called
A. Amnesty
B. Parole
C. Pardon
D. Probation Answer: C

50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of prison
uniform for maximum security prison is -
A. Orange
B. Brown
C. Stripe Orange
D. Blue Answer: A

51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before admission, it

means:
A. He has taken the process of identification, record,
fingerprint and photograph
B. He has been examined for contraband
C. His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
D. All of these Answer: B

52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he

A. earned good conduct time allowance credit
B. serve minimum sentence
C. earned good behavior while serving prison term
D. all of these Answer: D

53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its
latest objective, the
A. reformation of offenders
B. deterrence
C. segregation of offender
D. confinement of Offender Answer: A

54. In the New Bilibid Prison, all medium security prisoners are
confined at the
A. NBP Main Prison
B. Camp Bukang Liwayway
C. Camp Sampaguita
D. Medium Security Prison Answer: C

55. Under the prison rules, who is charged for the hearing of
disciplinary cases in prison?
A. Classification Board
B. Parole Board
C. Administrative Board
D. Disciplinary Board Answer: D

56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a

prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a correctional
A. Conditional pardon
B. Probation
C. Parole
D. Commutation Answer: C

57. In jails or prisons, which of the following is a function of

the Custodial Division?
A. Supervision of prisoners
B. Escort of inmates or prisoners
C. Keeping of records
D. None of the above Answer: B

58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting

 the public and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring
the latter to undergo institutional treatment program is
referred to as:
A. Imprisonment
B. Trial
C. Conviction
D. Detention Answer: A

59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National Penitentiary in

the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in ____.
A. Palawan
B. Zamboanga
C. Davao
D. Occidental Mindoro Answer: D

60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, this is credited as the oldest

code prescribing savage punishment but in fact ___ is nearly.
100 years older
A. Hammurabic Code
B. Sumerian Code
C. Justinian Code
D. Code of Draco Answer: B

61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain. This means
that:
A. The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
B. No one must escape its effect
C. It must be equal for all persons
D. The consequence must be in accordance
with law. Answer: B

62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in prison,
except:
A. Censor offender’s items
B. Escort inmates
C. Inspect security devices
D. Conduct disciplinary hearing Answer: D

63. As a rule, when a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has

just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
centers shall immediately:
A. sound the alarm
B. locked prisoners in their respective cells
C. Notify the nearest police precinct
D. call the warden or the director Answer: A

64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force

shall immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical posts to:
A. plug off the escape routes
B. to shoot the escapees
C. protect the other inmates
D. to give warning shots Answer: A

65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law, which

grants probation to prisoner sentenced to term in prison of not
more than six (6) years?
A. PD 603
B. RA 698
C. PD 968
D. PD 869 Answer: C

66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and

probationer is known as –
A. Affiliation Guidance
B. Pre-sentenced Investigation
C. Supervision
D. Probation Guidance Answer: C
67. Those who have been once on probation under the Probation
Law:
A. are qualified to apply for probation
B. are disqualified to apply for probation
C. may be granted for another probation
D. should be confined in prison Answer: B

68. This pillar/component of our criminal justice system has been

regarded the weakest pillar due to its failure to eliminate
recidivism and habitual offenders.
A. law enforcement
B. prosecution
C. court
D. correction Answer: D

69. The traditional goal of penology is

A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B

70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of

punishment.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B

71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she

may not commit another crime in the future.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: D

72. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the

mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry
at the end of a prison sentence.
A. Reintegration
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: A

73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553 and

served as training schools for delinquent youths, provided
housing and support for older and poorer persons,
and detained vagrants.
A. House of Corrections
B. Workhouses
C. Common jails
D. Penal colonies Answer: B

74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and operation

of all district, city and municipal jails to implement a better
system of jail management nationwide
A. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
B. Department of Justice
C. Bureau of Corrections
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: A

75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.

A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: C

76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with

custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those
 sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three
(3) years
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: B

77. The New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women
(CIW), Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and Sablayan Prison and
Penal Farm are all under this agency.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Department of Justice Answer: B

78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which provides

a less costly alternative to imprisonment of offenders who are
likely to respond to individualized community based treatment
programs.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: D

79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to capital
punishment are considered
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: D

80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six months are
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: A

81. A prison model which sought penitence (hence the term

penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and silence.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: A

82. A prison model where incarcerated persons are allowed to work

outside the institution that houses them.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: B

83. An alternative to incarceration granted after a convicted person

served a part of his sentence and is allowed to complete a
sentence at large, subject to restrictions and supervision.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: C

84. An alternative to incarceration that allow convicted persons

to remain at large and under varying degrees of restriction
and supervision and certain conditions imposed by the
granting court.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: A
85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain
persons awaiting trial or adjudication or confine convicted
offenders for a short period of time.
A. Halfway houses
B. Penal colonies
C. Jails
D. All of these Answer: C

86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain

convicted offenders for longer or extended period of time,
including those who are waiting their death sentence.
A. Halfway house
B. Farm house
C. Jail
D. Prison Answer: D

87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
A. RA 8551
B. RA 9165
C. RA 6975
D. RA 4890 Answer: C

88. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?

A. A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
B. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
C. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one
(1) day to three (3) years
D. A prisoner serving a term of three (3)years and one
(1) day up Answer: C

89. This theory in criminology states that people are totally

responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on the
effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal.
A. Positivist Theory
B. Psychological Theory
C. Biological Theory
D. Classical Theory Answer: D

90. Which of the following is an executive clemency that requires

the concurrence of congress?
A. Probation
B. Pardon
C. Amnesty
D. Parole Answer: C

91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers the _____

Correctional Program.
A. Institutional
B. Integrated
C. Community – based
D. Traditional Answer: C

92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is

referred to as
A. a corporal punishment
B. a determinate sentence
C. an indeterminate sentence
D. a capital punishment Answer: C

93. Pedro was required to provide financial remuneration for the

losses incurred by the victim. What is the type of penalty
described?
A. Bond
B. Retribution
C. Restitution
D. Remuneration Answer: C

94. What kind of program employs prisoners in various product or

 good producing tasks?
A. Agricultural
B. Operational
C. Industrial
D. Administrative Answer: C

95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as

gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?
A. Complex Crime
B. Compound Crime
C. Blue Collar crimes
D. Victimless crimes Answer: D

96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and

qualifications for the grant of pardon or parole?
A. Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
D. None of the above Answer: D

97. Which of the following should a probationer avoid?

A. Make periodic report
B. Go and play in the gambling den
C. Work regularly to support family
D. Stay away from bad associates. Answer: B

98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals

convicted and meted out the penalty of
A. 12 years 6 months and one day
B. Death
C. Life imprisonment
D. 6 years one month and one day Answer: B

99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal

disorders, chromosomes irregularity and abnormal brain activity.
A. None of these
B. Age Reform
C. Age of Discernment
D. Age of Reason Answer: A

100. What correctional institution houses accused persons awaiting

trial?
A. Rehabilitation center
B. Jail
C. Halfway house
D. Prison Answer: B

101. Articles 1706 - 1727 of the revised Administrative Code as

amended is known as
A. Correction Law
B. Jail Management Law
C. Prison Law
D. Parole and Probation Law Answer: C

102. The mechanical device or contrivance, tools or implement used

to hold back, keep in check or under control is the
A. Instrument of Restraint
B. Iron leg Lock
C. Handcuffs
D. Metallic chains Answer: A

103. Who is tasked with the gathering and collecting of information

and other data of every prisoner into a case study to determine
the work assignment, the type supervision and degree of
custody and restriction under which an offender must live in jail?
A. Classification Board
B . Board of Custody
 C. Diagnostic Board
D. Treatment Board Answer: A

104. The imprisonment a convicted offender may serve, at the rate

of PhP8.00 a day subject to certain rules, for failure to pay a
fine and if ordered to do so by the judgment is referred to as
A. Subsidiary imprisonment
B. Secondary imprisonment
C. Preventive imprisonment
D. None of the above Answer: A

105. The meaning of the word oblivion is

A. forgetting completely
B. class of persons
C. abolish
D. community based treatment Answer: A

106. The process of determining the needs and requirements of

prisoners for assigning them to programs according to their
existing resources is called:
A. classification
B. quarantine
C. diversification
D. quality control Answer: C

107. Public humiliation or public exhibition also mean:

A. public execution
B. social degradation
C. banishment
D. public trial Answer: B

108. During the 16th up to the 18th century, a criminal may be sent
away from a place carried out by prohibition to coming against a
specified territory. This is an ancient form of punishment called:
A. Exile
B. Transportation
C. Banishment
D. Public trial Answer: C

109. One of the following represents the earliest codification of the

Roman law, which was incorporated into the Justinian Code.
A. Twelve Tables
B. Burgundian Code
C. Code of Draco
D. Hammurabic code Answer: A

110. In the history of correction, thinkers during the reformatory

movement were the major influences of today’s correctional
system. Alexander Macanochie was the one who introduced the __
of correction
A. Solitary system
B. Irish System
C. Marked System
D. Congregate system Answer: C

111. What law renamed the Bureau of Prison to Bureau of Correction

during the Aquino administration in the Philippines?
A. E.O 727
B. E.O 292
C. E.O 645
D. E.O 104 Answer: B

112. Retaliation is the earliest remedy for a wrong act to any one (in
the primitive society). The concept follows that the victim’s
family or tribe against the family or tribe of the offender, hence
“blood feuds” was accepted in the early primitive societies.
Retaliation means:
A. Personal Vengeance
 B. Tooth for a tooth
C. Eye for an Eye
D. All of these Answer: A

113. In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa property

with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site for boys’
training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now being used as
the Manila City Jail, famous as the :
A. “ May Halique Estate”
B. “Tandang Sora State”
C. New Bilibid Jail
D. Muntinlupa Jail Answer: A

114. The sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and
fortune to prison reform.After his findings on English Prisons, he
recommended the following: single cells for sleeping, segregation
of women, segregation of youth, provision of sanitation facilities,
and abolition of fee system by which jailers obtained money from
prisoners.
A. John Howard
B. Robert Peel
C. William Penn
D. Manuel Montesimos Answer: A

115. Mr. Cruz was convicted of the crime of murder. After 10 days
from the promulgation of the sentence, he escaped from his
place of confinement. He maybe
A. liable for evasion of service of sentence
B. considered as an escaped prisoner
C. not liable for evasion of service of sentence
D. All of these Answer: A

116. Ms. Bantog was convicted for the crime of infanticide. After
serving her sentence she committed again the same crime.Ms.
Ines Bantog maybe considered as a
A. recidivist
B. quasi-recidivist
C. habitual delinguent
D. mentally retarded person Answer: A

117. Ramon, a basketball player, arrested Berto for some legal ground
but he failed to file a complaint against the latter with in the
prescribed period of filing. What crime did Ramon committed?
A. arbitrary detention
B. illegal Detention
C. illegal arrest
D. no crime committed Answer: B

118. The Camp Sampaguita of the national Bilibid Prison houses

A. Super Maximum Security Prisoners
B. Maximum Security Prisoners
C. Medium Security Prisoners
D. Minimum Security Prisoners Answer: C

119. The only early Roman place of confinement which was built
under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.
A. Bridewell Workhouse
B. Wulnut Street Jail
C. Burgundian House
D. none of these Answer: D

120. The punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction

is violated, to afford the society or individual the opportunity of
imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be
enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve
it.This is one justification of punishment called:
A. Atonement
B. Incapacitation
 C. Deterrence
D. Retribution Answer: D

121. The purpose of commutation of sentence is to:

A. do away with the miscarriage of justice
B. break the rigidity of the law
C. restore the political and civil rights of the accused
D. all of the above Answer: D

122. One of the following is an admission procedure which involves

the frisking of the prisoner.
A. Identification
B. Searching
C. Briefing/Orientation
D. minimum security prisoners Answer: B

123. If the warden is taken as the hostage, for all intents and
purposes, he ceases to exercise authority and the next in
command or the __________ officer present shall assume the
command.
A. Veteran
B. Assistant
C. Most senior
D. Custodian Answer: C

124. Upon receipt of the probation officer investigation report, the

court shall resolve the application for probation not later than-
A. 60 days
B. 5 days
C. 15 days
D. 45 days Answer: B

125. Who is the Father of Philippine Probation?

A. Jose Lacson
B. Juan Ponce Enrile
C. Antonio Torres
D. None of these Answer: D

126. What is the country, whose early schemes for humanizing the
criminal justice under it’s common law, originated probation.
A. England
B. United States
C. Greece
D. France Answer: A

127. Which of the following does not belong to the common law
practices to which the emergence of probation is attributed?
A. Recognizance
B. Reprieve
C. Benefit of the Clergy
D. Penance Answer: D

128. Benefit of clergy, judicial reprieve, sanctuary, and abjuration

offered offenders a degree of protection from the enactment of
A. harsh sentences
B. soft sentences
C. criminal liabilities
D. code of Hammurabi Answer: A

129. In the United States, particularly in Massachusetts, different

practices were being developed. "Security for good behavior,"
also known as good aberrance, was much like modern bail.
A. Penalizing
B. Good aberrance
C. Paying in cash
D. Collateral Answer: B

130. Who among the following was the builder hospice of San
 Michelle, a reformatory for delinquent boys
A. Montesquieu
B. Pope Clement XI
C. Samuel Romily
D. John Howard Answer: B

131. The advocate of ultimate prison known as “the Panopticon” was

A. Jeremy Bentham
B. Samuel Romily
C. Walter Crofton
D. John Howard Answer: A

132. The founder of the Classical School of Criminology and published

a short treaties “ On Crimes and Punishments” which contains
his reformatory ideas was
A. Jeremy Bentham
B. Cesare Lombroso
C. Cesare Beccaria
D. Enrico Ferri Answer: C

133. Diversification means

A. Proper integration of prisoners
B. Proper classification of prisoners
C. Proper segregation of prisoners
D. Welfare of prisoners Answer: C

134. Filipino female national prisoners are confined at the

A. Mental hospital
B. CIW
C. Manila City Jail
D. Iwahig Penal Colony Answer: B

135. An offender who surrenders from escaping because of calamity

immediately 48 hours after the pronouncement of the
passing away of calamity shall be granted
A. 1/5 reduction of sentence
B. ½ reduction of sentence
C. 2/5 reduction of sentence
D. 2/6 reduction of sentence Answer: B

136. What is the name of the prison institution situated in

Zamboanga, named after Capt. Blanco of the Spanish Royal
Army?
A. Old Bilibid Prison
B. Sablayan Prsions and Penal Farm
C. San Ramon Prison & Penal Farm
D. Iwahig Penal Answer: C

137. A branch or division of law which defines crimes, treat of their

nature and provides for their punishment
A. Remedial law
B. Criminal law
C. Civil law
D.Political law Answer: B

138. One who investigates for the court a referral for probation or
supervises a probationer or both
A. police officer
B. probationer officer
C. intelligence officer
D. law enforcer Answer: B

139. Post sentence investigation report must be submitted by the

probation officer to the court within
A. 20 days
B. 30 days
C. 60 days
D. 90 days Answer: C
140. Parole in the Philippine is governed by the
A. determinate sentence law
B. Indeterminate sentence law
C. Board of pardon and parole
D. Parole and probation administration Answer: B

141. A detention jail in Philadelphia but it was converted into state

prison and became the first American penitentiary.
A. Auburn Prison
B. Walnut Street Jail
C. Pennsylvania Prison
D. Bride Well Answer: B

142. The system of prison were the confinement of the prisoners in

single cells at night and congregate work in stop during the
day.
A. Pennsylvania prison
B. Auburn prison
C. Elmira reformatory
D. Alcatraz prison Answer: B
143. Under the rules, the chairman of the classification board and
disciplinary board for jails should be
A. Warden
B. Assistant warden
C.Custodial officer
D. Security officer Answer: B

144. A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible, intractable

and dangerous persons who are so difficult to manage inside
prisons.
A.Medium Security prisoners
B. Maximum security prisoners
C. Super maximum security prisoners
D. Minimum Security Prisoners Answer: B

145. One of the following is considered as the corner stone in

reformation n which includes all the life experiences which
shape a persons attitudes and behaviors.
A. Recreational program
B. Religious program
C. Educational program
D. Work program Answer: C

146. It involves supervision of prisoners to insure punctual and

orderly movement from the dormitories, place of work, hospital
and churches in accordance with the daily schedules.
A. Control
B. Custody
C. Discipline
D. Inspection Answer: A

147. It is a special unit in prison where by newly arrived prisoners

will be admitted for diagnostic examination, observation
A. Reception and Diagnostic Center
B. Medium Security Compound
C. Maximum Security Compound
D. Minimum Security Compound Answer: A

148. Under the jail rules, the following are authorized disciplinary
measures imposable to inmate offender except
A. Reprimand
B. Cancellation of visiting privilege
C. Cancellation of food allowance
D. Extra fatigue duty Answer: D

149. The principle of an “eye for an eye” “tooth for a tooth” doctrine
is common among ancient laws, specifically t
 A. Code of Draco
B. Hammurabic Code
C. Summerian Code
D. Code of Solomon Answer: B

150. “Lex Tallionis” means

A. Punishment
B. Law of retaliation
C. Retribution
D. Suffering Answer: B

151. These were abandoned or unusable transport ships use to

confine criminals during the early period of treating criminal
offenders.
A. Hulks
B. Gaols
C. Transportation
D. Galleys Answer: A

152. He wrote his book “State of the Prisons” and he was also
considered as the great prison reformer.
A. John Howard
B. John Augustus
C. William Penn
D. Domets of France Answer: A

153. The first house of correction in London England was the

A. Bridewell Workhouse
B. Walnut Street Jail
C. Mamertine Prison
D. Panopticon Answer: A

154. ___ - known as the “Rock” build in San Francisco Bay

A. Walnut prison
B. Alcatraz prison
C. New York prison
D. Red Rock penitentiary Answer: B

155. Anything that is contrary to prison or jail rules and regulations

are considered
A. Firearms
B. Contrabands
C. Greyhounds
D. Personal belongings Answer: B

156. It is the suffering that is inflicted by the state for the

transgression of a law for the purpose of controlling criminals.
A. Prevention
B. Revenge
C. Penalty
D. All of the above Answer: C

157. Parole and Probation Administration is under the direction of

the
A. Department of Finance
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of Interior and Local Government
D. BJMP Answer: B

158. What is nature in hearing the violation of a probation?

A. Formal
B. Summary
C. Due process
D. None of the above Answer: B

159. Which is considered the forerunner of parole?

A. Mark system
B. Solitary system
 C. Benefits of a clergy
D. Congregate system Answer: A

160. The following are considered as discretionary conditions of

probation except
A. Drinking intoxicated liquor to excess
B. Abstain from visiting house of ill repute
C. Meet his family responsibilities
D. Cooperate with the program of probation Answer: C

161. The first convict in the Philippines, sentenced to death by

means of Lethal injection was
A. Baby Ama
B. Asiong Salonga
C. Leo Echagaray
D. Gregorio S. Mendoza Answer: C

162. In the 13th C, a criminal could avoid ________ by claiming

refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the end of which time he has compelled to leave the realm by a road or path
assigned to him.
A. Penalty
B. punishment
C. trial
D. conviction Answer: D

163. Long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually
rowed by criminals, a type of ship used for transportation of
criminals in the 16th century. This referred to as the:
A. Gaols
B. Galleys
C. Hulks
D. Stocks Answer: B

164. The Classical School of penology maintains the “doctrine of

psychological hedonism” or __________. That the individual
calculates pleasures and pains in advance of action and
regulates his conduct by the result of his calculations.
A. denied individual responsibility
B. free will
C. pleasures and avoiding pain
D. natural phenomenon Answer: C

165. History has shown that there are three main legal systems in the
world, which have been extended to and adopted by all
countries aside from those that produced them. Among the
three, it was the _____ that has the most lasting and most
pervading influence.
A. Mohammedan Law
B. Anglo-American Law
C. Roman Law
D. Hammurabic Code Answer: C

166. Hanging is for death penalty, maiming is for

A. Social degradation
B. Exile
C. Physical torture
D. Slavery Answer: C

167. Who is the Director of the English Prison who opened the Borstal
Institution for young offenders? The Borstal Institution is
considered as the best reform institution for young offenders
today.
A. Evelyn Brise
B. Manuel Montesimos
C. Zebulon Brockway
D. Walter Crofton Answer: C

168. The __________ is considered forerunner of modern penology

 because it has all the elements in a modern system.
A. Bridewell Workhouse
B. Elmira Reformatory
C. Wulnut Street Jail
D. Borstal Institution for Boys Answer: B

169. Capital punishment refers to:

A. Life imprisonment
B. Death Penalty
C. Reclusion Perpetua
D. All of these Answer: B

170. One of the following is not an administrative function exercised

by the executive branch of the government.
A. Probation
B. Pardon
C. Parole
D. Amnesty Answer: A

171. Pardon granted by the Chief Executive

A. extinguishes criminal liability of offender
B. does not extinguish civil liability of offender
C. must be given After the prosecution of the offense
D. all of the above Answer: D

172. The enactment of Republic Act no. 6975 created the BJMP. It
operates as a line bureau under the Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG). This statement is:
A. partially true
B. partially false
C. true
D. false Answer: C

173. The Jail Bureau shall be headed by a chief with a rank of

Director General, and assisted by Deputy Chief with the Rank of
Chief Superintendent. This statement is:
A. partially true
B. partially false
C. true
D. false Answer: D

174. The group having the responsibility of providing a system of

sound custody, security and control of inmates and their
movements and also responsible to enforce prison or jail
discipline is the:
A. Security group for jails
B. Escort Platoon
C. Control Center groups
D. Warden Answer: A

175. A unit of the prison or a section of the RDC where the prisoner is
given thorough physical examination including blood test, x-rays,
vaccinations and immunity is the:
A. Quarantine cell
B. NBP
C. Death row
D. Control Area Answer: A

176. Imprisonment is not always advisable. Placing a person to

custodial coercion is to place him in physical jeopardy, thus
drastically narrowing his access to source of personal
satisfaction and reducing his self-esteem. This principle is based
on the ____ of community based treatment programs.
A. Restorative aspect
B. Humanitarian aspect
C. Managerial aspect
D. Legal aspect Answer: A
177. The case where the Supreme Court laid down the doctrine that
the absolute pardon removes all that is left of the consequences
of conviction, and that it is absolute in so far it restores the
pardonee to full civil and political rights.
A. Cristobal vs. Labrador
B. Fernandez vs. Aquino
C. People vs. Galit
D. None of these Answer: A

178. The power of the chief Executive to grant pardon is limited to

the following, except:
A. Pardon can not be extended to cases of impeachment.
B. No pardon, parole or suspension of sentence for the
violation of any election law may be granted without
favorable recommendation of the Commission
of Elections.
C. Pardon is exercised only after conviction
D. Pardon is administered by the court Answer: D

179. In determining the fitness of a prisoner for release on conditional

pardon, the following points shall be considered as guides,
except:
A. The political, organizational or religious affiliation of the
prisoner should be disregarded.
B. Due regard should be given the attitude of the people in
the community from which he was sentenced.
C. The background of the prisoner before he was committed
to prison – social, economic.
D. Financial capacity of the prisoner. Answer: D

180. Prisoners who are nearly to leave the institution, awaiting

transfer,those in disciplinary status, and those who are
chronically ill with mental disabilities are considered:
A. unassignable prisoners to undergo prison programs
B. all of these
C. special group of offenders
D. minimum security prisoners Answer: D

181. Parole is not claimed as a right but the Board of Parole grants it
as a privilege to a qualified prisoner. This statement is:
A. partially true
B. partially false
C. true
D. false Answer: B

182. Every violation of jail/prison discipline shall be dealt with

accordingly. In extreme cases, where the violation necessitate
Immediate action, the warden or the Officer of the Day may
administer the necessary restraints and reports the action
taken to
A. an SOP
B. an emergency plan
C. a general rule
D. not applicable to prisoners Answer: C

183. Which of the following is a maximum security prison in Ossining,

New York, USA? It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km)
north of New York City on the banks of the Hudson River which
the Auburn Prison system was applied
A. Alcatraz prison
B. Sing Sing Prison
C. Wulnut Street Jail
D. Silver Mine Farm Answer: B

184. A ___, also called a 'block' or 'isolation cell', used to separate

unruly, dangerous, or vulnerable prisoners from the general
population, also sometimes used as punishment.
A. Segregation Unit
 B. Reception Unit
C. Quarantine Unit
D. Cell 45 Answer: A

185. What is the place in some prisons, or a section in prisons where

criminals are placed awaiting execution?
A. Execution room
B. Death row
C. Garotine
D. Galley room Answer: B

186. The Auburn system is a penal method of the 19th century in

which persons worked during the day in groups and were kept in
solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times.
The Auburn system is also known as
A. Albany system
B. Irish system
C. New York System
D. None of these Answer: C

187. Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women is a prison in

Bedford Hills, Westchester County, New York, USA. It is the
largest women's prison in New York State and has hosted many
infamous prisoners. It is the only women's maximum security
prison in New York State. This statement is:
A. True
B. False
C. Partially true
D. Partially false Answer: A

188. The Panopticon is a type of prison building designed by English

philosopher Jeremy Bentham in 1785. The concept of the design
was derived from the word meaning of “pan” and “opticon”.
“Opticon’ means:
A. to allow an observer to observe
B. with out the prisoner
C. avoid watching
D. To walk in military manner Answer: A

189. Elmira Correctional Facility, known otherwise as ___, is a

maximum security prison located in New York in the USA. The
prison is located in Chemung County, New York in the City of
Elmira.
A. “the school”
B. “the hill”
C. “the rock”
D. “the dungeon” Answer: B

190. Who among the following was given the title “father of Prison
Reform” in the United States?
A. Zebulon Brockway
B. Robert Peel
C. John Howard
D. Alexander Macanochie Answer: A

191. It is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely

determined by its contribution to overall utility, that is, its
contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all
persons. It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the
moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome—the ends
justify the means.
A. Hedonism
B. Positivism
C. Determinism
D. Penology Answer: A

192. The concept of probation, from the Latin word “probatio” which
means ___, has historical roots in the practice of judicial
 reprieve.
A. walk with faith
B. live with integrity
C. testing period
D. out of prison Answer: C

193. In the history of capital punishment, what do they call this

frame, typically wooden, used for execution by hanging?
A. Galley
B. Gallows
C. Hulk
D. Double blade Answer: B

194. Lethal injection refers to the practice of injecting a person with

a fatal dose of drugs for the explicit purpose of causing the
death of the subject. The main application for this procedure is
capital punishment. Which of the following drug is injected to
stops the heart thus causing death by cardiac arrest?
A. Sodium thiopental
B. Pancuronium
C. Potassium chloride
D. Bicarbonate Answer: C

195. Execution by electrocution (referred to as the Electric Chair) is

an execution method originating in the United States in which
the person being put to death is strapped to a specially built
wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on
the body. In the Philippines, its first use was in :
A. 1924
B. 1976
C. 1972
D. 1918 Answer: A

196. Who was the British prison administrator and reformer, and
founder of the Borstal system?
A. Zebulon Brockway
B. Alexander Mocanochie
C. Evelyn Ruggles Brise
D. Sir John Watson Answer: C

197. Besides religious laws such as the Torah, important codifications

of laws were developed in the ancient Roman Empire, with the
compilations of the Lex Duodecim Tabularum.This law refers to
A. the Corpus Juris Civilis
B. the Twelve Tables
C. the Hammurabic code
D. lex taliones Answer: B

198. The first permanent system of codified laws could be found in

China, with the compilation of the
A. Tang Code
B. Wong Code
C. Ting Code
D. Chang Code Answer: A

199. Opponents of capital punishment claim that a prisoner's isolation

and uncertainty over their fate constitute a form of mental
cruelty and those especially long-time death row inmates are
liable to become mentally ill, if they are not already. This is
referred to as
A. death row phenomenon
B. Cruelty syndrome
C. Execution syndrome
D. None of these Answer: A
200. After individuals are found guilty of an offense and sentenced to
execution, they will remain on death row while following an
appeals procedure, if they so choose, and then until there is a
convenient time for __.
 A. Execution
B. Pardon
C. Parole
D Amnesty Answer: A
Correctional Administration
The Correctional System in the Philippines is composed of six agencies under three distinct and separate
departments of the national government. That three departments of the national government are the following:
1. The Department of Justice
2. The Department of the Interior and Local Government
3. The Department of Social Welfare and Development
Bureau of Corrections - is an agency under the Department of Justice mandated to carry out institutional
rehabilitation programs of the government for national offenders, those sentenced to more than three years and to
ensure their safe custody. It is composed of seven operating institutions located all over the country to accept
national prisoners. The central office is located in the New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, where the
director, the assistant director and the general administration staff are holding official functions.
Bureau of Correction Mandate - The rehabilitation of national prisoners.
Bureau of Correction Slogan - bringing back the dignity of man.
Bureau of Correction Principles
- accomplishing its mandated objectives and performing its assigned
functions.
1. To confine prisoners by giving them adequate living spaces as the
first conditions to be met before any effective
rehabilitation programs can be undertaken.
2. To prevent prisoners fro committing crime while in custody.
3. To provide humane treatment by affording them human basic
needs in the prison environment and prohibiting
cruel methods and provide a variety of rehabilitation program.
Bureau of Corrections Operating Institutions
1. New Bilibid Prisons - Muntinlupa City
2. Correctional Institution for Women - Mandaluyong City
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm - Puerto Princesa City
4. Davao Prison and Penal Farm - Davao del Norte
5. Sablayan Prison and Penal farm - Occidental Mindoro
6. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm - Zamboanga City
7. Leyte Regional Prison - Leyte
Institutional Programs
1. Inmate work program
2. Health care
3. education and skills training
4. Recreation and Sports
5. Religious guidance and behavior modification using the therapeutic
community approach.
1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to
suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence and
extinguish criminal liability.
A. Parole
B.Executive clemency
C. Pardon
D.President’s clemency Answer: B
2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:
A. Executive Department
B. P.N.P.
C. D.I.L.G.
D. D.O.J Answer: C
3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole
officer, which is not included?
A. The trick and treat techniques
B.The executive techniques
C.The guidance, counseling and leadership techniques
D.The manipulative techniques Answer: A
4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.
A. Penology School
B. Classical School
C. Neo-classical
D. Positivist Answer: B
5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems
A. Meeting
B. Working
C. Recreation
D. Counselling Answer: D
6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming,
budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial
services. It consolidates and prepares financial reports and
related statements of subsistence outlays and disbursements in
the operational of the jail.
A. Budget and finance branch
B. General services branch
C. Property and supply branch
D. Mess services branch Answer: A
7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe
checked at any time. His beddings, lockers and personal
belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his presence,
whenever possible. This practice is known as:
A. Check and balance
B. S.O.P.
C. Inventory
D. Operation Greyhound Answer: D
8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.
A. Murder
B. Brigandage
C. Rape
D. Impeachment Answer: D
9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of
sentence of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
A. Recidivism
B. Delinquency
C. Quasi-recidivism
D. City prisoner Answer: C
10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance
and has not been convicted is a -
A. Detention Prisoner
B. Provincial Prisoner
C. Municipal Prisoner
D. City Prisoner Answer: A
11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT
A. Commutation
B. Reform model
C. Amnesty
D. Pardon Answer: B
12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice
System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
A. conviction
B. corrections
C. penalty
D. Punishment Answer: B
13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be exercised?
A. before conviction
B. before trial
C. after conviction
D. during service of sentence Answer: B
14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue
his normal job during the week and return to the jail to serve
his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
A. Amnesty
B. good conduct time allowance
C. probation
D. delayed sentence Answer: D
15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Redress
D. Expiration or atonement Answer: C
16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.
A. already convicted
B. not yet convicted
C. about to be convicted
D. serve the sentence Answer: A
17. The idea that punishment will be give the offender lesson by
showing to others what would happen to them if they have
committed the heinous crime.
A. Protection
B. Deterrence
C. Lethal injection
D.Stoning Answer: B
18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.
A. Punishment
B. Treatment
C. Enjoyment
D. Incarceration Answer: B
19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.
A. Recommendation from U.N.
B. Recommendation from C.H.R.
C. Application from C.H.R
D. Concurrence of the congress Answer: D
20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the
A. Director
B. Secretary of the DND
C. Chief of Executive
D. Prison Inspector Answer: A
21. Which program plays a unique role in the moral and spiritual
regeneration of the prisoner?
A. None of these
B.Work programs
C.Education programs
D.Religious programs Answer: D
22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted
to enter the place designated in the sentence or within the radius
therein specified, which shall not be more than 250 and not less
than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
A. Fine
B. None of these
C. P22.00/day
D. P19.00/day Answer: B
23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to
others is the theory of
A. Self-defense
B. Social defense
C. Exemplary
D. Equality Answer: C
24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to
A. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a
penitent offender
B. prevent the commission of offenses
C. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender
by providing him with individualized treatment
D. All of these Answer: D
25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the
National Prison is
A. Excessive number of escapes
B. Overcrowding
C. Disagreement about their mess
D. Lack of adequate funding Answer: D
26. A justification of penalty which states that nobody can assume
the suffering for a crime committed by others.
A. Justice
B. Personal
C. Legal
D. Certain Answer: B
27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;
A. Age of offenders
B. Mother of offender
C. Sex of offenders
D. Medical condition Answer: B
28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu,
makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks the food and
serves it to the inmates. It maintains a record of daily purchases
and consumption and submits a daily report to the warden.
A. General Services Branch
B. Mittimus Computing Branch
C. Budget and Finance
D. Mess services Branch Answer: D
29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the Philippines
Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
A. Department of Justice
B. Judiciary
C. Chief Executive
D. Legislative Answer: C
30. The temporary stay of execution of sentence is called
A. Reprieve
B. Pardon
C. Communication
D. Amnesty Answer: A
31. Parole is a matter of ___.
A. Privilege
B. Right
C. Grace
D. Requirement Answer: A
32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as
dangerous as the super security prisoners. They are not
allowed to work outside the institution.
A. maximum security prisoners
B. super security prisoners
C. minimum security prisoners
D. medium security prisoners Answer: A
33. Among the following, which has the authority to grant parole?
A. President
B. Board of Pardons and Parole
C. Director of Prison
D. Court Answer: B
34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil
liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
A. partially exempted
B. exempted
C. conditionally exempted
D. not exempted Answer: D
35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence to
a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
A. Amnesty
B. Commutation
C. Reprieve
D. none of these Answer: B
36. ___ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to
it as a matter of right.
A. Pardon
B. Parole
C. Probation
D. none of these Answer: B
37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated
that the individual has the ability to ____ and to modify
his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
A. challenge
B. none of these
C. change
D. aggravate his behavior Answer: C
38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _____.
A. Department of Social Welfare and Development
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of the Interior and Local Government
D. Department of Health Answer: B
39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over three
(3) years is a _________________.
A. Municipal prisoner
B. Detention prisoner
C. National or Insular prisoner
D. City prisoner Answer: D
40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is also the
A. Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
B. Director of the Bureau of Corrections
C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
D. Warden Answer: B
41. What is the type of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
A. Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails
B. City and Municipal Jails
C. Lock up Jails
D. Insular Jails Answer: B
42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the
American Regime. At present, who supervises and controls the
said jails?
A. BJMP
B. Provincial Government
C. DOJ
D. Municipal or City Mayor Answer: B
43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?
A. Rehabilitation and Reformation
B. To stand trial
C. Punishment
D. Socialization Answer: A
44. Which is a place of confinement for persons awaiting trial or
court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment?
A. Jail
B. Lock-up
C. Penitentiary
D. Detention Cells Answer: A
45. Which is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and
signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or
detention?
A. Mittimus
B. Detention Mittimus
C. Sentence Mittimus
D. Detention Warrant Answer: C
46. The maintenance or care and protection accorded to people who
by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated for violation
of laws and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve
judgment is called –
A. custody
B. safe-keeping
C. classification
D. caring Answer: A
47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of offenders
according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.?
A. None of these
B. Custody
C. Security
D. Safe-keeping Answer: A
48. The institution for dangerous but not incorrigible prisoners
in the Philippines is the
A. NBP
B. Medium Security Institution
C. Maximum Security Institution
D. Minimum Security Institution Answer: B
49. The act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the
state which exempts an individual from the punishment which the
law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended by the President
thru the recommendation of the Board of Parole and Pardon is
called
A. Amnesty
B. Parole
C. Pardon
D. Probation Answer: C
50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of prison
uniform for maximum security prison is -
A. Orange
B. Brown
C. Stripe Orange
D. Blue Answer: A
51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before admission, it
means:
A. He has taken the process of identification, record,
fingerprint and photograph
B. He has been examined for contraband
C. His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
D. All of these Answer: B
52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he
A. earned good conduct time allowance credit
B. serve minimum sentence
C. earned good behavior while serving prison term
D. all of these Answer: D
53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its
latest objective, the
A. reformation of offenders
B. deterrence
C. segregation of offender
D. confinement of Offender Answer: A
54. In the New Bilibid Prison, all medium security prisoners are
confined at the
A. NBP Main Prison
B. Camp Bukang Liwayway
C. Camp Sampaguita
D. Medium Security Prison Answer: C
55. Under the prison rules, who is charged for the hearing of
disciplinary cases in prison?
A. Classification Board
B. Parole Board
C. Administrative Board
D. Disciplinary Board Answer: D
56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a
prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a correctional
A. Conditional pardon
B. Probation
C. Parole
D. Commutation Answer: C
57. In jails or prisons, which of the following is a function of
the Custodial Division?
A. Supervision of prisoners
B. Escort of inmates or prisoners
C. Keeping of records
D. None of the above Answer: B
58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting
the public and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring
the latter to undergo institutional treatment program is
referred to as:
A. Imprisonment
B. Trial
C. Conviction
D. Detention Answer: A
59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National Penitentiary in
the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in ____.
A. Palawan
B. Zamboanga
C. Davao
D. Occidental Mindoro Answer: D
60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, this is credited as the oldest
code prescribing savage punishment but in fact ___ is nearly.
100 years older
A. Hammurabic Code
B. Sumerian Code
C. Justinian Code
D. Code of Draco Answer: B
61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain. This means
that:
A. The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
B. No one must escape its effect
C. It must be equal for all persons
D. The consequence must be in accordance
with law. Answer: B
62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in prison,
except:
A. Censor offender’s items
B. Escort inmates
C. Inspect security devices
D. Conduct disciplinary hearing Answer: D
63. As a rule, when a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has
just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
centers shall immediately:
A. sound the alarm
B. locked prisoners in their respective cells
C. Notify the nearest police precinct
D. call the warden or the director Answer: A
64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force
shall immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical posts to:
A. plug off the escape routes
B. to shoot the escapees
C. protect the other inmates
D. to give warning shots Answer: A
65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law, which
grants probation to prisoner sentenced to term in prison of not
more than six (6) years?
A. PD 603
B. RA 698
C. PD 968
D. PD 869 Answer: C
66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and
probationer is known as –
A. Affiliation Guidance
B. Pre-sentenced Investigation
C. Supervision
D. Probation Guidance Answer: C
67. Those who have been once on probation under the Probation
Law:
A. are qualified to apply for probation
B. are disqualified to apply for probation
C. may be granted for another probation
D. should be confined in prison Answer: B
68. This pillar/component of our criminal justice system has been
regarded the weakest pillar due to its failure to eliminate
recidivism and habitual offenders.
A. law enforcement
B. prosecution
C. court
D. correction Answer: D
69. The traditional goal of penology is
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B
70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of
punishment.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B
71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she
may not commit another crime in the future.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: D
72. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the
mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry
at the end of a prison sentence.
A. Reintegration
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: A
73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553 and
served as training schools for delinquent youths, provided
housing and support for older and poorer persons,
and detained vagrants.
A. House of Corrections
B. Workhouses
C. Common jails
D. Penal colonies Answer: B
74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and operation
of all district, city and municipal jails to implement a better
system of jail management nationwide
A. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
B. Department of Justice
C. Bureau of Corrections
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: A
75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: C
76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with
custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those
sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three
(3) years
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: B
77. The New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women
(CIW), Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and Sablayan Prison and
Penal Farm are all under this agency.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Department of Justice Answer: B
78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which provides
a less costly alternative to imprisonment of offenders who are
likely to respond to individualized community based treatment
programs.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: D
79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to capital
punishment are considered
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: D
80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six months are
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: A
81. A prison model which sought penitence (hence the term
penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and silence.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: A
82. A prison model where incarcerated persons are allowed to work
outside the institution that houses them.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: B
83. An alternative to incarceration granted after a convicted person
served a part of his sentence and is allowed to complete a
sentence at large, subject to restrictions and supervision.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: C
84. An alternative to incarceration that allow convicted persons
to remain at large and under varying degrees of restriction
and supervision and certain conditions imposed by the
granting court.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: A
85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain
persons awaiting trial or adjudication or confine convicted
offenders for a short period of time.
A. Halfway houses
B. Penal colonies
C. Jails
D. All of these Answer: C
86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain
convicted offenders for longer or extended period of time,
including those who are waiting their death sentence.
A. Halfway house
B. Farm house
C. Jail
D. Prison Answer: D
87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
A. RA 8551
B. RA 9165
C. RA 6975
D. RA 4890 Answer: C
88. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?
A. A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
B. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
C. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one
(1) day to three (3) years
D. A prisoner serving a term of three (3)years and one
(1) day up Answer: C
89. This theory in criminology states that people are totally
responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on the
effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal.
A. Positivist Theory
B. Psychological Theory
C. Biological Theory
D. Classical Theory Answer: D
90. Which of the following is an executive clemency that requires
the concurrence of congress?
A. Probation
B. Pardon
C. Amnesty
D. Parole Answer: C
91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers the _____
Correctional Program.
A. Institutional
B. Integrated
C. Community – based
D. Traditional Answer: C
92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is
referred to as
A. a corporal punishment
B. a determinate sentence
C. an indeterminate sentence
D. a capital punishment Answer: C
93. Pedro was required to provide financial remuneration for the
losses incurred by the victim. What is the type of penalty
described?
A. Bond
B. Retribution
C. Restitution
D. Remuneration Answer: C
94. What kind of program employs prisoners in various product or
good producing tasks?
A. Agricultural
B. Operational
C. Industrial
D. Administrative Answer: C
95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as
gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?
A. Complex Crime
B. Compound Crime
C. Blue Collar crimes
D. Victimless crimes Answer: D
96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and
qualifications for the grant of pardon or parole?
A. Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
D. None of the above Answer: D
97. Which of the following should a probationer avoid?
A. Make periodic report
B. Go and play in the gambling den
C. Work regularly to support family
D. Stay away from bad associates. Answer: B
98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals
convicted and meted out the penalty of
A. 12 years 6 months and one day
B. Death
C. Life imprisonment
D. 6 years one month and one day Answer: B
99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal
disorders, chromosomes irregularity and abnormal brain activity.
A. None of these
B. Age Reform
C. Age of Discernment
D. Age of Reason Answer: A
100. What correctional institution houses accused persons awaiting
trial?
A. Rehabilitation center
B. Jail
C. Halfway house

D. Prison Answer: B
Alcatraz - a US federal penitentiary, Often referred to as "The Rock",
the small island of alcatraz was developed with facilities for a lighthouse,
a military fortification, a military prison (1868), and a federal prison
from 1933 until 1963.

Alexander Maconochie - was a Scottish naval officer, geographer, and

penal reformer. He is known as the Father of Parole.

His 2 Basic Principle of Penology

1. As cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment
should not be vindictive but should aim at the reform of
the convict to observe social constraints, and
2. A convict's imprisonment should consist of task, not time
sentences, with release depending on the performance of a
measurable amount of labour.

Auburn Prison - Constructed in 1816 ,(opened 1819) it was the second

state prison in New York, the site of the first execution by electric
chair in 1890. It uses the silent or congregate system.

Banishment - a punishment originating in ancient times, that required

offenders to leave the community and live elsewhere, commonly in the
wilderness.

BJMP - (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology) government agency

mandated by law (RA 6975) to take operational and administrative control
over all city, district and municipal jails.
It takes custody of detainees accused before a court who are temporarily
confined in such jails while undergoing investigation, waiting final
judgement and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court
3 years and below.

- created Jan. 2, 1991.

- Charles S. Mondejar - 1st BJMP chief.
 - BJMP chief tour of duty, must not exceed 4 years, maybe
extended by President. Grounds:
1. In times of war
2. other national emergencies.
- Senior superintendent - the rank from which the BJMP chief
is appointed. This is the rank of the BJMP Directors of
the Directorates in the National Headquarters. This is also
the rank of the Regional Director for Jail Management
and Penology.
- Chief of the BJMP - Highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed
by the President upon recommendation of DILG Secretary. Rank
is Director.
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Administration - the 2nd highest ranking
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation
of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Operations - the 3rd highest ranking
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation
of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
- BJMP Chief of the Directorial Staff - the 4th highest BJMP
officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of
the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendents.

Borstal - a custodial institution for young offenders.

Borstal System - rehabilitation method formerly used in Great Britain for

delinquent boys aged 16 to 21. The idea originated (1895) with the
Gladstone Committee as an attempt to reform young offenders. The first
institution was established (1902) at Borstal Prison, Kent, England.

Branding - stigmatizing is the process in which a mark, usually a symbol

or ornamental pattern, is burned into the skin of a living person, with
the intention that the resulting scar makes it permanent as a punishment
or imposing masterly rights over an enslaved or otherwise oppressed person.

Bridewell Prison and Workhouse - was the first correctional institution

in England and was a precursor of the modern prison. Built initially as
a royal residence in 1523, Bridewell Palace was given to the city of
London to serve as the foundation for as system of Houses of Correction
known as “Bridewells.” These institutions, eventually numbering 200 in
Britain, housed vagrants, homeless children, petty offenders,
disorderly women, prisoners of war, soldiers, and colonists sent
to Virginia.

Bridewell Prison and Hospital - was established in a former royal palace

in 1553 with two purposes: the punishment of the disorderly poor and
housing of homeless children in the City of London.

Bureau of Corrections - has for its principal task the rehabilitation

of national prisoners, or those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment
of more than three years.

- has 7 prison facilities

- 1 prison institution for women
- 1 vocational training centre for juveniles.
- Classification Board - classifies inmates according to
their security status.
- Reception and Diagnostic Centre - (RDC) receives, studies
and classifies inmates committed to Bureau of Corrections.
- Board of Discipline - hears complaints and grievances with
regard to violations of prison rules and regulations.
- Iwahig Penal Farm - established in 1904 upon orders of Gov.
Forbes, then the Sec. of Commerce and police.
- New Bilibid Prison - established in 1941 in Muntinlupa
Camp Bukang Liwayway - minimum security prison.
Camp Sampaguita - medium security prison
- Davao penal Colony - established jan 21, 1932 (RA 3732)
- Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm - established Sept.27, 1954
(Proclamation No.72) location:Occidental Mindoro
 - Leyte Regional Prison - established Jan.16, 1973
- Old Bilibid Prison - First Penal Institution in the Phil.
designated as insular penitentiary by Royal Decree in 1865.

Burning at Stake - a form of ancient punishment by tying the victim

in a vertical post and burning him/her.

Cesare Beccaria - an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher and

politician best known for his treaties On Crimes and Punishments (1764),
which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work
in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology

Charles Montesquieu - a french lawyer, who analyzed law as an expression

of justice. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation
of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

Code of Justinian - formally Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”),

Justinian I the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed
under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from AD
529 to 565.

Commitment Order - is an act of sending a person to prison by means of

such a warrant or order.

Correctional Administration - the study and practice of a system of

managing jails and prisons and other institutions concerned with the
custody, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

Corrections - describes a variety of functions typically carried out

by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and
supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.

Death Row - refers to incarcerated persons who have been sentenced to

death and are awaiting execution.

Deterrence - as contended by Cesare Beccaria, proponent of the

classical theory, that punishment is to prevent others from
committing crime.

Director Charles S. Mondejar - the first Chief of BJMP. He took his

oath of office on July 1 of 1991.

District Jail - is a cluster of small jails, each having a monthly

average population of ten or less inmates, and is located in the
vicinity of the court.

Draco - was the first legislator of ancient Athens, Greece, 7th century
BC. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a
written code to be enforced only by a court.

Ducking Stool - a chair fastened to the end of a pole, used formerly

to plunge offenders into a pond or river as a punishment.

Dungeon - a dark cell, usually underground where prisoners are confined.

Elmira Reformatory - located in new York, was originally a prison opened

to contain Confederate prisoners of war during the Civil War. It became
known as a “death camp” because of the squalid conditions and high death
rate in its few years of operation. Established 1876.

Elmira System - An American penal system named after Elmira Reformatory,

in New York. In 1876 Zebulon R. Brockway became an innovator in the
reformatory movement by establishing Elmira Reformatory for young felons.
The Elmira system classified and separated various types of prisoners,
gave them individualized treatment emphasizing vocational training and
industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences.
Ergastulum - is a Roman prison used to confine slaves. They were attached
to work benches and forced to do hard labor in period of imprisonment.

Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve as an example to others

to deter further commission of crime.

Expiation - (Atonement) execution of punishment visibly or publicly for

the purpose of appeasing a social group. Expiation is a group vengeance
as distinguished from retribution.

First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based on the reformatory

model.

Four Classes of Prisoners

1. Insular or national prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term
of three years and one day to death;
2. Provincial prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of six
months and one day to three years;
3. City prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day
to three years; and
4. Municipal Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one
day to six months.

Flogging - (Flog) beat (someone) with a whip or stick as a punishment.

Fred T. Wilkinson - last warden of the Alcatraz prison.

Galley - a low, flat ship with one or more sails and up to three banks
of oars, chiefly used for warfare or piracy and often manned by slaves
or criminals.

Goals of Criminal Sentencing

1. Retribution
2. Punishment
3. Deterrence
4. Incapacitation
5. Rehabilitation
6. Reintegration
7. Restoration

Golden Age Of Penology - 1870 - 1880

Guillotine - an ancient form of capital punishment by cutting the

head.

Halfway House - a center for helping former drug addicts, prisoners,

psychiatric patients, or others to adjust to life in general society.

Hammurabi's Code - an ancient code which contain both civil and criminal
law. First known codified law prior to Roman law. Better organized and
comprehensive than biblical law. One of its law is lex taliones (an eye
for an eye)

Hedonism - the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the
satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life.

Hulk - an old ship stripped of fittings and permanently moored,

especially for use as storage or (formerly) as a prison.

Impalement - (Impaling) a form of capital punishment, is the penetration

of an organism by an object such as a stake, pole, spear or hook, by
complete (or partial) perforation of the body, often the central body mass.
Killing by piercing the body with a spear or sharp pole.

Institutional Corrections - refers to those persons housed in secure

correctional facilities.

Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates under investigation

or undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences

Gaol - old name/term of jail.

Three Types of Detainees

1. Those undergoing investigation;
2. those awaiting or undergoing trial; and
3. those awaiting final judgment

Jails - holds
a. Convicted offenders serving short sentences
b. Convicted offenders awaiting transfer to prison
c. Offenders who have violated their probation or parole
d. Defendants who are awaiting trial

James V. Bennett - was a leading American penal reformer and prison

administrator who served as director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons
(FBOP) from 1937 to 1964. He was one of the strongest advocates in the
movement in persuading Congress to close Alcatraz and replace it with
a new maximum-security prison, eventually successful in 1963 when
it closed.

January 2, 1991 - the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was

created thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau under the Department
of Interior and Local Government.

Jean Jacques Villain - pioneered classification to separate women and

children from hardened criminals.

Jeremy Bentham - a prison reformer, believed that the prisoner should

suffer a severe regime, but that it should not be detrimental to the
prisoner's health. He designed the Panopticon in 1791.

John Howard - a philanthropist and the first English prison reformer.

Justice - crime must be punished by the state as an act of retributive

justice, vindication of absolute right and moral law violated by the
criminal.

lapidation - (Stoning) the act of pelting with stones; punishment

inflicted by throwing stones at the victim.

Lex Taliones - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.

Lockups - Suspects usually stay in a lockup for only 24 to 48 hours.

A suspect may later be transferred from the lockup to the jail.

Mamertine Prison - was a prison (carcer) located in the Comitium

in ancient Rome. It was originally created as a cistern for a spring
in the floor of the second lower level. Prisoners were lowered through
an opening into the lower dungeon.

Mark System - developed in Australia by Alexander Maconochie, whereby

credits, or marks, were awarded for good behaviour, a certain number of
marks being required for release.

Mittimus - is a process issued by the court after conviction to carry

out the final judgment, such as commanding a prison warden to hold the
accused, in accordance with the terms of the judgment. Mittimus is
often attached on the commitment order issued by the court whenever the
convict is to be transferred to prison for service of sentence.

Mortality rate - A measure of the frequency of deaths in a defined

population during a specified interval of time.

Mutilation or maiming - an ancient form of punishment, is an act of

physical injury that degrades the appearance or function of any living
body, sometimes causing death.
National Prisons Association - was organized in Cincinnati in 1870.

Neo-Classical - children and lunatics should not be punished as they

can not calculate pleasure and pain.

Classical Theory - pain must exceed pleasure to deter crime.

All are punished regardless of age, mental condition, social
status and other circumstances.

Positivist Theory - criminal is a sick person and should be

treated and not punished.

Eclectic - it means selecting the best of various styles

or ideas.

Newgate Prison - not a real prison but an abandoned copper mine of

Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are confined underground (Black hole
of horrors).

Operational capacity - the number of inmates that can be accommodated

based on a facility's staff, existing programs, and services.

Panopticon - a prison design, allowed a centrally placed observer to

survey all the inmates, as prison wings radiated out from this
central position.

Parole - refers to criminal offenders who are conditionally released

from prison to serve the remaining portion of their sentence in the
community.

Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) - was created pursuant to

Presidential Decree (P.D.) No.968, as amended, to administer the
probation system. Under Executive Order No. 292, the Probation
Administration was renamed as the Parole and Probation Administration,
and given the added function of supervising prisoners who, after serving
part of their sentence in jails are released on parole or granted
conditional pardon. The PPA and the Board of Pardons and Parole are
the agencies involved in the non-institutional treatment of offenders.

Penal Management - refers to the manner or practice of managing or

controlling places of confinement such as jails and prisons.

PD No. 603 - was promulgated to provide for the care and treatment of
youth offenders from the time of apprehension up to the termination
of the case.

Under this law, a youth offender is defined as a child, minor

or youth who is over nine years but under eighteen years of
age at the time of the commission of the offence.

Pennsylvania and New York - pioneered the penitentiary movement by

developing two competing systems of confinement. The Pennsylvania
system and the Auburn system.

Pennsylvania System - An early system of U.S. penology in

which inmates were kept in solitary cells so that they could
study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and
perform handicraft work.(Solitary System).

Auburn System - An early system of penology, originating

at Auburn Penitentiary in New York, under which inmates
worked and ate together in silence during the day and were
placed in solitary cells for the evening.(Congregate System)

Penology - a branch of Criminology that deals with prison management

and reformation of criminals.
 Poene (latin) - penalty
Logos (latin) - science

Pillory - a wooden framework with holes for the head and hands, in which
offenders were formerly imprisoned and exposed to public abuse.

Prison - which refers to the national prisons or penitentiaries managed

and supervised by the Bureau of Corrections, an agency under the
Department of Justice.

Prison Hulks - (1776-1857) were ships which were anchored in the Thames,
and at Portsmouth and Plymouth. Those sent to them were employed in hard
labour during the day and then loaded, in chains, onto the ship at night.

Prison Reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons,

aiming at a more effective penal system.

Probation - Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over

an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time in prison.

John Augustus - Father of Probation. Augustus was born in Woburn,

Massachusetts in 1785. By 1829, he was a permanent resident
of Boston and the owner of a successful boot-making business.

Father Cook - a chaplain of the Boston Prison visited the courts

and gained acceptance as an advisor who made enquiries into the
circumstances of both adult and juvenile offenders

Provincial Jail - under the office of the Governor. Where the imposable
penalty for the crime committed is more than six months and the same was
committed within the municipality, the offender must serve his or her
sentence in the provincial jail.

Where the penalty imposed exceeds three years, the offender

shall serve his or her sentence in the penal institutions of
the Bureau of Corrections.

Punishment - the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution

for an offence.

Quakers - (or Friends, as they refer to themselves) are members of a

family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious
Society of Friends. Many Quakers have worked for reform of the criminal
justice systems of their day. Quakers believe that people can always
change: their focus has been on reforms that make positive change more
likely, such as increased opportunities for education, improved prison
conditions, help with facing up to violent impulses, and much else.

William Penn - founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the

English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania.was the first great Quaker prison reformer.
In his ‘Great Experiment’ in Pennsylvania in the 1680s he
abolished capital punishment for all crimes except murder.
He also stated that ‘prisons shall be workhouses,’ that bail
should be allowed for minor offences’, and ‘all prisons shall
be free, as to fees, food and lodgings’. He provided for
rehabilitation, as he stipulated that prisoners should be
helped to learn a trade, so that they could make an honest
living when they were released.

John Bellers - (1654-1725) was the earliest British Friend to

pay serious and systematic attention to social reform. He
pleaded for the abolition of the death penalty, the first
time this plea had been made. He argued that criminals were
the creation of society itself and urged that when in prison
there should be work for prisoners so that they might return
to the world with an urge to industry.
 Elizabeth Fry - (1780-1845) was the most famous of Quaker
reformers, though others were equally influential in raising
public awareness. Reforms such as the separation of women and
children from men and the development of purposeful activity
of work or education came about through pressure from
informed people.

RA 6975 - sec.60 to 65, created the BJMP.

Rank Classification of BJMP

Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Senior Jail Officer IV
Senior Jail Officer III
Senior Jail Officer II
Senior Jail Officer I
Jail Officer III
Jail Officer II
Jail Officer I

RA 10575 - The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013.

Rack - a form of torture or punishment wherein pain is inflicted to

to the body through stretching.

Rated Capacity - the number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating

official to institutions within the jurisdiction.

Reformation - the object of punishment in a criminal case is to correct

and reform the offender.

Reformatory Movement - The reformatory movement was based on principles

adopted at the 1870 meeting of the National Prison Association.

The reformatory was designed:

a. for younger, less hardened offenders.
b. based on a military model of regimentation.
c. with indeterminate terms.
d. with parole or early release for favorable progress
in reformation.

Rehabilitation - to restore a criminal to a useful life, to a life in

which they contribute to themselves and to society.

Retribution - punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong

or criminal act.

Security Level - A designation applied to a facility to describe the

measures taken, both inside and outside, to preserve security and custody.

The simplest security level categorization is:

a. maximum
b. medium
c. minimum

Maximum - security facilities are characterized by very

tight internal and external security.

Common security measures include: (Maximum)

- A high wall or razor-wire fencing
- Armed-guard towers
- Electronic detectors
- External armed patrol
 - A wide, open buffer zone between the outer wall or fence
and the community.
- Restrictions on inmate movement
- The capability of closing off areas to contain riots or
disruptions.

Houses the following inmates:

- Those sentenced to death
- Those sentenced with min. 20 years
- Those remanded inmates/detainees with min. 20 years sentence
- Those whose sentences is under review by SC (min.20 years)
- Those whose sentences is under appeal (min.20 years)
- Those with pending cases
- Those who are recidivist

Ultra-Maximum/Super-Maximum Security Prison - house notorious

offenders and problem inmates from other institutions.
These institutions utilize: Total isolation of inmates,
Constant lockdowns

Medium-security institutions - place fewer restrictions on

inmate movement inside the facility.

Characteristics often include:(Medium)

- Dormitory or barracks-type living quarters
- No external security wall
- Barbed wire rather than razor wire
- Fences and towers that look less forbidding

Houses the following inmates:

- Those sentenced to less than 20 years

Minimum-security prisons - are smaller and more open.

They often house inmates who:

- Have established records of good behavior
- Are nearing release

Characteristics often include:(Minimum)

- Dormitory or barracks living quarters
- No fences
- Some inmates may be permitted to leave during the day
to work or study.
- Some inmates may be granted furloughs

Sing Sing Prison - was the third prison built by New York State. It is
a maximum security prison.

Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise - was a British prison administrator and

reformer, and founder of the Borstal system.

Sir Walter Crofton - the director of Irish prisons. In his program,

known as the Irish system, prisoners progressed through three stages of
confinement before they were returned to civilian life. The first portion
of the sentence was served in isolation. After that, prisoners were
assigned to group work projects.

Stocks - instrument of punishment consisting of a heavy timber frame with

holes in which the feet and sometimes the hands of an offender can
be locked.

Three major government functionaries involved in the Philippine

correctional system:
1. DOJ
2. DILG
3. DSWD

DOJ - supervises the national penitentiaries through the

 Bureau of Corrections, administers the parole and probation
system through the Parole and Probation Administration, and
assists the President in the grant of executive clemency through
the Board of Pardons and Parole.

DILG - supervises the provincial, district, city and municipal

jails through the provincial governments and the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology, respectively.

DSWD - supervises the regional rehabilitation centres for

youth offenders through the Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare.

Transportation - a punishment in which offenders were transported from

their home nation to one of that nation's colony to work.

Twelve Tables - The Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin: Leges Duodecim
Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient legislation that stood
at the foundation of Roman law. Established basic procedural rights
for all Roman citizens as against one another

Underground Cistern - a reservoir for storing liquids, underground tank

for storing water. This was also used prison in ancient times.

Utilitarianism - a tradition stemming from the late 18th- and 19th-century

English philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
that an action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if
it tends to produce the reverse of happiness—not just the happiness of
the performer of the action but also that of everyone affected by it.

Voltaire - believes that fear of shame is a deterrent to crime.

Walnut Street Jail - opened in 1790 in Philadelphia. Considered the 1st

state prison. Inmates labored in solitary cells and received large
doses of religious training.

Workhouses - European forerunners of the modern U.S. prison, where

offenders were sent to learn discipline and regular work habits.

Zebulon Reed Brockway - was a penologist and is sometimes regarded as

the Father of prison reform and Father of American Parole in the
United States.
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS ADMINISTRATION
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item
by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO
ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only.
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
1. The BPP may recommend to the President the grant of executive clemency to a prisoner when the following
extraordinary circumstances are present, except:
A. Inmate who is 70 years old and above who have served at least 5 years of their sentence.
B. When inmate is suffering from severe physical disability
C. When inmate is suffering from serious illness
D. Such other circumstances when best interest of justice will be served thereby.
2. An inmate who is about to be release shall be proceeded at the separation and placement center for how many
days before his actual release.
A. 25 days
B. 30 days
C. 35 days
D. 60 days
3. Which of the following is a place for the confinement of minimum security prisoner?
A. Camp Sampaguita
B. Quarantaine Unit
C. RDC
D. AFP Stockade
4. The required ratio in the routinary custody of inmate in Jail is:
A. 1:5
B. 1:7
C. 1:6
D. 1:8
5. A procedure that is conducted in jail and in prison where an inmate upon arrival at the place of confinement will
be stripped out for search of contrabands.
A. Operation Shakedown
B. Operation Bakal
C. Operation Greyhound
D. Operation Shakedown.
6. The only Roman place of confinement, which was built under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C. is known as
A. Mamertime Prison.
B. Bridewell Workhouse.
C. Dartmoor Prison.
D. Walnut Street Jail.
7. The law which fully deducts the period of the offender’s preventive imprisonment is known as
A. R.A. 6127
B. R.A. 2761
C. P.D. 6127
D. P.D. 2761
8. A felony of grave coercion is committed by a public officer or employee who maltreats a detained prisoner who is
not under his custody. The statement is:
A. True, because he is a public officer.
B. True, because he overdoes himself in the correction of handling of such
prisoner.
C. False, it should be maltreatment of Prisoner.
D. False, Physical injury is committed.
Situation: The maximum term of sentence of Mr. Pedro is 4 years and 2 months, with an actual confinement of 2
years and 8 months and 21 days.
9. In case Mr. Pedro will be granted for GCTA by the Chief of the RDC, how many days each month shall be
deducted for his good behavior?
A. 10 days/month
B. 5 days/month
C. 8 days/month
D. None of the above
10. How about the portion of his sentence of Mr. Pedro which were not served?
A. 11 months and 5 days
B. 10 months and 3 days
C. 11 months and 3 days
D. 10 months and 5 days
11. Jose was convicted of a crime and sentenced to serve an imprisonment of 10 months to 2 years. Pedro is
considered as.
A. Insular prisoner
B. Provincial prisoner
C. City prisoner
D. Municipal prisoner
12. Camp Bukang Liwayway is also known as:
A. Minimum security camp
B. Maximum security camp
C. Medium security camp
D. Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)
13. The decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners. These are termed as
A. Hulks
B. Galleys
C. Gaols
D. Galeon
14. The following are the instances when judgment of conviction becomes final, EXCEPT:
A. When the sentence has been partially or totally served.
B. When the accused applies for probation.
C. After the lapse of perfecting an appeal which is 15 days.
D. None of the above.
Situation: Mr. Juan Taclob who was convicted for 20 years imprisonment, was confined in Muntinlupa for 10 years.
On December 13, 2006, at exactly 2:00 a.m. conflagration occurred causing Mr. Taclob and his co-inmates to
escape.
15. After 1 day upon the declaration of the Chief Executive of the passing away of such conflagration, Mr. Taclob
voluntarily surrendered himself to the Penal Superintendent. The said prisoner is entitled for
A.¼ deduction for his sentence
B. 1/5 deduction for his sentence
C.1/6 deduction for his sentence
D. 1/3 deduction for his sentence
16. In case Mr. Taclob did not escape from his place of confinement during the calamity, is he entitled for ¼
deduction of the period of his sentence?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe
D. Both A & B
17. How about if Mr. Taclob disarmed the guards and escaped?
A. He will be liable under Art. 159 of RPC
B. He will be liable under Art. 157 of RPC
C. He will be liable under Art. 160 of RPC
D. none of the above
18. After 5 years of such calamity, Mr. Taclob was granted for GCTA and will be given a deduction of
A. 5 days/month
B. 8 days/month.
C. 10 days/month
D. 15 days/month.
19. The primary law governing the Philippine Correctional System is
A. Revised Penal Code
B. Revised Administrative Code
C. 1987 Philippine Constitution
D. Rules of Court of the Philippines
20. A warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and the signature of a judge, directing the jail or prison authorities
to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed is called
A. Court Order
B. Commitment Order
C. Court Decision
D. Confinement Order
21. Who is the Director of the Irish Prison who introduced the Irish system that modified the Maconochies Mark
System?
A. Manuel Montesimus
B. Walter Crofton
C. Domets of France
D. Zebulon Brockway
22. Who shall grant his GCTA?
A. Penal Superintendent
B. Jail Warden
C. Court with proper jurisdiction
D. Director of BUCOR
23. Which of the following is the first consideration before any effective rehabilitation programs can be undertaken.
A. Medical and health service
C. Orientation
B. Education and Training
D. Basic physiological needs
24. Mr. “Nonito” was sentenced to serve a maximum sentence of not more than six (6) years. He filed petition for
probation, but his petition will not be considered if:
A. He was convicted of subversion
B. He was previously convicted by final judgment of an offense punished by imprisonment of not less than one
month and one day and/or fine of not less than PhP200.00
C. He was previously granted probation
D. He was previously granted parole.
25. After release, from jail or prison, when does a parolee present himself to the Parole and Probation Officer?
A. At least one month from release.
B. Within 3 weeks from release
C. At least 3 weeks from release
D. Within the period prescribed in the Release Document
26. One of the purposes of Adult Probation is to:
A. Prevent the commission of crimes.
B. Place the offender outside police power of the state
C. Foster closer relationship between the offender and the judge who
promulgated the Probation Order.
D. Create a probation office.
27. What is the action of the court in case a probationer violated the condition of his probation order?
A. Court orders the release of the probationer to the community.
B. Court directs probationer to re-apply for probation
C. Court revokes probation and probationer serves original sentence imposed by court.
D. Court punishes the probationer.
28. The BPP may consider petition for absolute pardon even before the grant official release and discharge in any of
the following:
A. Petitioner is emigrating.
B. Petitioner is seeking re-instatement in the government service.
C. Petitioner is going to be appointed in a private placement work.
D. Petitioner is preparing for his final examination.
29. Which of the following is a prerogative of the Chief Executive with concurrence of Congress.
A. Parole
B. Probation
C. Pardon
D. Amnesty
30. Mr. “Y” was sentenced to a prison term of Arresto mayor. Will he qualify for probation?
A. No, his sentence is six years and one day.
B. Yes, his sentence is less than six years and one day.
C. Yes, his sentence is one month and one day to six months.
D. No, his sentence is more than six years and one day.
31. Which of the following statement is true?
A. A parolee who is recommitted to prison by the Board shall be made to serve the remaining
unexpired portion of the maximum sentence.
B. A parolee may be authorized by the Parole and Probation Officer to travel outside of his operational
jurisdiction for a period of more than 60 days.
C. It is mandatory for the parolee to comply with the terms and condition appearing in the Release Document.
D. The parolee can transfer to a residence other than that indicated in the Release Document without the prior
written approval of the Regional Director subject to confirmation of DBB.
32. What document is issued to a parolee when the maximum period of his prison term has expired?
A. Certificate of final release
B. Certificate of final discharge
C. Certificate of final release and discharge
D. Certificate of prison term completion
33. When can a drug user be placed on probation?
A. First time offender
B. First time minor drug offender
C. First time offender and less than 15 years old
D. Second time offender
34. Where did probation originate?
A. England
B. Philippines
C. USA
D. France
35. Mario was convicted by the competent court and was sentenced to serve an imprisonment of 1 month to 3 years.
Under PD # 29, he is classified as a
A. Municipal prisoner
B. Provincial prisoner
C. City prisoner
D. National prisoner
36. Charlie was convicted in violation of R.A. # 9165 and was sentenced of imprisonment for a period of 12 years
and 1 day to 20 years or also known as
A. Prision Mayor
B. Prision Correctional .
C. Reclusion Temporal
D. Reclusion Perpetua.
37. Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is being investigated of her alleged conversation with COMELEC
Garcillano. Once it will be proven, she will be prosecuted and eventually to be punished. This only explains one
juridical condition of penalty known as
A. Personal
B. Certain.
C. Equal
D. Legal.
38. If the inmate agrees to abide by the same disciplinary rules upon convicted prisoners, he shall be asked to
manifest his
A. Certification
B. Certification in writing
C. Agreement in writing
D. None of the above
39. The Chief, BJMP is appointed by the
A. President
B. DILG Secretary
C. Director of the Bureau
D. All of the above
40. Parole originated in:
A. Philippines
B. Europe
B. USA
D. Japan
41. The Law of Indeterminate sentence is ________.
A. Act 4013
B. Act 4310
C. Act 4103
D. Act 4031
42. It is the nature of the hearing for violation of conditions of probation.
A. Summary in nature
B. Mechanical in nature
C. Penal in nature
D. Technical in nature
43. A probationer and parolee have this in common, except:
A. Both committed crimes
B. Both have been sentenced by the court
C. Both are persons
D. Both have not served their sentence
44. The main difference between probationer and parolee is that
A. The former has not served any part of his sentence.
B. The latter has not served any part of his sentence.
C. The former has partly served sentence.
D. The latter has undergone post- sentence
45. An offender, to be entitled to be placed under PD 968 must satisfy one of the following:
A. Sentenced to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than six years.
B. Had been once on probation.
D. Sentenced to serve six years or less
C. Convicted of a heinous crime.
46. It is granted by the Chief Executive without and conditions to it, presumably to do away with the miscarriage of
justice. It extinguishes criminal liability.
A. Parole
B. Amnesty
C. Absolute pardon
D. Pardon
47. The Director of the Bureau of Corrections or the warden shall forward the _____ of the prisoner to the BPP for
evaluation and consideration for parole.
A. Prison record and carpeta
B. Clothes and personal belongings
C. Recommendation and investigation results
D. Result of publication of names of prisoners
48. The first salaried federal probation officer.
A. Richard McSweeney
B. Richard Mc Sweeny
C. Edward Hartwell Savage
D. Richard McSweetney
49. The following are the tasks of the Quarantine Unit EXCEPT
A. Physical and mental examination to determine fitness
B. Orientation of prison rules
C. Private interview
D. Classify inmates according to security status
50. Female inmates for incarceration as national prisoners or those with more than 3 years maximum sentence will
be brought directly to the
A. Correctional Institution for Women
B. New Bilibid Prison
C. Reception and Diagnostic Center
D. Classification Unit
51. After taking all the cash and other personal property from the inmate or detainee, a duplicate copy should be
given to the inmate for the reason of
A. The inmate will retrieve his cash and personal property after confinement
B. This is to ensure that the personal property of the inmates will be secured
C. This will be kept under the custody of the property custodian
D. Preclude any possibilities or allegations of grafts
52. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created pursuant to
A. R.A. 8551
B. R.A. 7160
C. R.A. 6975
D. R.A. 9263
53. The first female federal probation officer
A. Marie Curtis
B. Margaret Stehli
C. Marie Sweeney
D. Margaret Stacey
54. This means that, “if the defendant successfully completes probation, the criminal conviction will not be place on
his record.”
A. Suspended sentence
B. Relayed sentence
C. Delayed sentence
D. Deferred sentence
55. They assist probation and parole officers in the supervision of probationers.
A. Volunteer probation aide’s
B. Volunteer probation officers
C. Volunteer workers
D. Volunteer community workers
56. Mr. “X” was convicted to suffer imprisonment of prision correccional. Can the offender file petition for
probation?
A. Yes, because his sentence is less than six (6) years.
B. Yes, because there was a PSIR
C. Yes, because his sentence is from 0-6-1 to 6-0-0.
D. Yes because he was convicted.
57. Mr. “P” was previously convicted to a sentence of 15 days. He served imprisonment for this conviction. After
several years he was sentenced to suffer imprisonment of 0-6-1 after committing another crime. Can he file petition
for probation for his present conviction, despite of his previous conviction?
A. Yes, because his present conviction is not more than 6 years.
B. Yes, because his previous conviction is less than one month and one day
C. No, because his previous conviction would disqualify him to avail of probation
D. No, because probation is only once.
58. Probation is not co-terminus with its period because:
A. The court may order final discharge of the probationer upon consideration of the summary report of the
probation officer.
B. The court will order final discharge of the probationer upon application of the probation.
C. The court will discharge probationer taking into consideration the good behavior of the probationer.
D. The court will order final discharge of the probationer upon consideration of the final report of
the Probation officer.
59. What laws are amended P.D. 968?
A. PD 1257 B. PD 1458 C. PD 1990 D. RA 9344
A. A, B & C
B. A,B & D
B. A, C & D
D. A, B & D
60. The New Bilibid Prison was established by virtue of the Revised Administrative Code, specifically section:
A. 1807
B. 1709
C. 1708
D. 1878
61. The staff member in the RDC who is responsible for the evaluation of the character and behavior of the prisoner
is:
A. Chaplain
B. Psychiatrist
C. Psychologist
D. Custodial-correctional officer
62. The procedure in the admission of prisoners the purpose of which is to make sure that documents contains the
signature of the judge or the signature of the clerk of court, and the seal of the court is termed as:
A. Receiving
B. Checking of commitment papers
C. Searching
D. Identification
63. The prisoners who cannot be trusted in open condition and maybe allowed to work outside the fence or walls of
the penal institution but under guards or escorts are known as:
A. Medium Security Prisoners
B. Maximum Security Prisoners
C. Minimum Security Prisoners
D. Super Maximum Security Prisoners
64. The special group of prisoners composed of incorrigibles and highly dangerous persons are also known as:
A. Maximum Security Prisoners
B. Medium Security Prisoners
C. Super maximum security prisoners
D. None of the above
65. A national prisoner is one who is sentenced:
A. To maximum term of imprisonment of more than 3 years or to a fine of more than PhP5,000.00
B. For violating custom laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs
C. To serve 2 or more prison sentences in the aggregate exceeding 3 years.
D. To serve 3 or more years sentences in the aggregate exceeding 3 years.
A. A,B, and C
B. B,C and D
C. A,B, and D
D. A, C and D
66. If a parolee dies during parole supervision, the _______ shall immediately transmit a certified true copy of the
parolee’s death certificate to the _______.
A. PPO; Board
B. Board; PPO
C. Board; President
D. Barangay Chairman; PPO
67. This is submitted by the PPO concerned to the Board thru the Technical Services of the PPA, not later than 15
working days regarding the date the parolee reported for supervision.
A. Arrival report
B. Final report
C. Summary report
D. Briefing report
68. Who approves transfer of residence of a parolee; and who confirms said transfer?
A. BPP; Regional Director
B. BPP; Regional Director
C. Regional Director; BPP
D. PPO; BPP
69. An outside travel of a parolee for a period of not more than 30 days is approved by _________.
A. Regional Director
B. CPPO
C. BPP
D. PPO concerned
70. Maximum security prisoners are confined in the:
A. NBP Main Building
B. Camp Bukang Liwayway
C. Camp Sampaguita
D. None of the above
71. The procedure in admitting prisoners which purpose is to insure that the person being committed is the same as
the person being named in the commitment order.
A. Receiving
B. checking of commitment papers
C. Searching
D. Identification
72. Use of telephone of inmate in prison after showing a good behavior is earned after 90 days. In such case an
inmate is entitled to:
A. 5 minutes
B. 3 minutes
C. Not exceeding 5 minutes
D. Not exceeding 3 minutes
73. The only program that is conducted during the free time schedule is called:
A. Religious services
B. Recreational programs
C. Prison Education
D. All of the above
74. The one in charge for immediate sounding of alarm in case of emergency.
A. Warden
B. Control Center
C. Information Center
D. Custodial Force
75. The Sablayan Penal Colony is located at:
A. Occidental Mindoro
B. Oriental Mindoro
C. Leyte
D. Palawan
76. The travel abroad of a parolee is approved by_______ and confirmed by_________.
A. Regional Director; BPP
B. BPP; administrator
C. PPO; Regional Director
D. Administrator; BPP
77. Which of the following is incorrect?
A. A Progress Report is submitted to the BPP when a parolee has committed another crime and case is not yet
decided by the court.
B. A Violation Report is submitted to the BPP when parole violates other conditions appearing in his release
document.
C. Infraction report is submitted to the BPP where parolee is subsequently convicted of another crime.
D. Upon receipt of a Summary Report, the BPP may issue an order of arrest and recommitment.
78. The following inmates shall not be granted parole:
A. Those convicted of offenses punished with death penalty
B. Those convicted of treason
C. Those convicted of mutiny or piracy
D. Those whose maximum term of imprisonment exceed one(1) year
A. B, C & D
B. A, B & C
C. A, B & D
D. A, C & D
79. It is the nature of the grant of probation.
A. A mere privilege
B. A matter of choice
C. A matter of right
D. A mere whim and caprice
80. Within how many days, from release, should the parolee present himself to the PPO for supervision?
A. Within 30 days
B. Within the period prescribed in the FRD
C. Within 45 days
D. Within the period prescribed in the Release Document
81. The maximum period of probation for a person sentenced to suffer arresto mayor.
A. 3 years
B. 6 years
C. 2 years and 6 months
D. 2 years
82. Nature of a court hearing of violation of condition of probation
A. Summary in nature
B. Mother nature
B. Confidential in nature
D. privilege in nature
83. The following are disqualified from probation, except:
A. Sentence to serve imprisonment of more than 6 years.
B. Who have been once on probation
C. Previously convicted by final judgment of a fine of not more than PhP 200.00.
D. Serving sentence at the time substantive provision of PD 968 became applicable.
84. A majority of all the members of the Board shall constitute a __________.
A. Quorum
B. Resolution
C. Penalty
D. Deliberation
85. In terms of service of sentence of a prisoner, his case may be reviewed by BPP for possible communication of
sentence if he has served:
A. One-third (1/3) of the definite or aggregate prison term
B. One-half (1/2) of the maximum of his prison sentence.
C. One-third (1/3) of the minimum of his indeterminate sentence.
D. One-half (1/2) of the minimum of his definite prison sentence.
86. The offender may be granted absolute pardon under any of the following circumstances, except:
A. He served his maximum sentence
B. Court termination of probation
C. Granted final release and discharge
D. Paid his fine
87. It transferred the function of supervising parolees to the Parole and Probation Administration.
A. Executive Order 292
B. Executive Order 922
C. Executive Order 229
D. Executive Order 293
88. Referral of inmates for health reason or special treatment outside the jail shall be allowed upon:
A. Approval of warden
B. Approval of court
C. Approval of Medical officer
D. Approval of Chief BJMP
89. The law that established the Correctional Institution for Women in 1931 is known as
A. R.A. 6036
B. R.A. 3579
C. R.A. 3732
D. R.A. 6975
90. The rank of the deputy chief for administration in the BJMP is
A. Director
B. Superintendent.
C. Chief Superintendent
D. Senior superintendent.
91. Grave misconduct in the performance of official duty when committed for the first time carries with it the
penalty of
A. Suspension for 1 year
B. Dismissal.
C. Suspension for 6 months
D. Transfer.
92. The admitting officer or jailer shall accomplish a jail booking report in four copies to be distributed to the
following offices except
A. BJMP central office
B. Provincial administrator’s office.
C. Regional office
D. Office of the president.
93. “The society is protected from the further depredations of criminals if they are all imprisoned immediately after
committing a crime”. This justification of penalty is known as
A. Expiation
B. Reformation
C. Deterrence
D. Protection.
94. ‘Floating hell” is also known as
A. Gaols
B. Galleys
C. Hulks
D. Transportation.
95. The code which specified punishment according to the social class of offenders is known as
A. Justinian Code
B. Greek Code of Draco.
C. Burgundian Code
D. Code of King Hammurabi
96. The warden shall issue a ___ under oath if the detainee refused to abide with the rules applied by the court under
the provision of Art. 29 of RPC, on the rules applied to convicted offenders.
A. Manifestation
B. Certification of Agreement
C. Certification
D. Report
97. The desk officer shall carefully check the credentials of the person(s) bringing in the inmate to determine
his/their
A. Authenticity of commitment order
B. Identity and authority
C. Contraband
D. Personal property.
98. This is known as the Indeterminate Sentence law.
A. Act No. 4031
B. Act No. 4103
C. Act No. 4310
D. Act No. 4301
99. The following are the authorized disciplinary punishment imposable to inmates except
A. Reprimand.
B. Close confinement which shall not exceed 8 days.
C. Cancellation of visiting hours.
D. None of the above
100. A felony of grave coercion is committed by a public officer or employee who maltreats a detained prisoner who
is not under his custody. The statement is:
A. True, because he is a public officer.
B. True, because he overdoes himself in the correction of handling of such prisoner.
C. False, it should be maltreatment of Prisoner.
D. False, Physical injury is committed.
101. After meals, what is done with the utensils of the prisoners?
A. Utensils will be collected by the jail guard personnel.
B. The jail guard should Wash the utensils
C. The jail guard should not allow the prisoners to use utensils
D. Utensils must be secured before meals
102. Difference between insular and provincial prisoner.
A. Provincial prisoners are confined in provincial jails.
B. No distinction
C. Provincial Prisoners and Insular prisoners are confined in the same penal institution
D. The sentence of insular prisoners is more than 3 years while provincial prisoners are 6 months
and 1 day to 3 years.
103. Who has the power to appoint the director of BJMP?
A. Secretary of Justice
B. DILG Secretary
C. Secretary of National Defense
D. The Speaker of the house of Congress
104. Which is the central place of confinement of Filipino?
A. National Penitentiary
B. San Ramon Penal Farm
C. Davao Penal Colony
D. New Bilibid Prison
105. What _______ model use in correction security?
A. Rehabilitative model
B. Pennsylvania model
C. Auburn Model
D. All of the above
106. Which agency exercise supervision and direction over jail management training institute.
A. Philippine Public Safety College
B. BJMP Training facilities
C. National Defense
D. Philippine National Police
107. What is furlough?
A. Workhouse of prisoners
B. Farm house
C. Monetary privilege to afforded to inmates
D. Allowances given to inmates for good behavior
108. A prisoner who shows good behavior in prison and exercise good conduct and is discharge after serving 1/3 of
his/her term is called.
A. Parole
B. Pardon
C. Probation
D. Diversion
109. In 1868 Spanish authority established a prison for the confinement of the______.
A. Political Prisoners
B. War prisoner
C. Criminal Prisoner
D. None of these
110. The person who manage the entire prison.
A. Director
B. Warden
C. Custodial officer
D. Prison guard
111. Leo Echegaray was the first person to be punished with.
A. Lethal Injection
B. Electrocution
C. Death by Hanging
D. Fogging
112. Provincial jail is under what government agency.
A. Provincial government
B. Municipal Government
C. City Government
D. Local Government
113. What is the privilege of the visiting husband or wife that the jail will allow for sexual intercourse?
A. Conjugal visit
B. Parental Visit
C. Marital Visit
D. Privilege visit
114. Release of person without posting a bail bond.
A. Recognizance
B. Reconnaissance
C. Probation
D. Parole

115. Confinement of convicts with less than 6 months of imprisonment.

A. Local Jail
B. Insular prison
C. National Prison
D. Bureau of Corrections
116. How do you consider the disposition of cases in the Barangay?
A. Diversion
B. Classification
C. Diversification
D. Isolation
117. Whose statement that prisoners are”Nasty sewers of decease”?
A. John Howard
B. John Wayne
C. John Corpus
D. John Coward
118. Work hour of prisoners.
A. After and before recreational
B. 8 hours
C. Anytime of the day
D. From Monday to Sunday
119. When a new prisoner adopt prison environment?
A. Prisonization
B. Prison Adoption
C. Prison Orientation
D. Prison Briefing
120. Who may not be allowed to hardwork?
A. Woman; juvenile; 60 years old and above
B. Prisoners with Special accommodation
C. Prisoners with records of Good behavior
D. Prisoners whose sentence is lower than the other inmates required to hard labor
121. What is the first prison to impose electrocution?
A. Auburn
B. Pennsylvania
C. Mammertime
D. None of the above
122. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated that the individual has the ability to – and to modify
his anti – social behavior with the kind of help.
A. Change
B. Privilege
C. Right
D. Constant
123. All persons in custody shall before final conviction; he is entitled to bail as a matter of:
A. Rights
B. Freedom
C. Privilege
D. Constant
124. It is one, which will relieve inmate’s feeling of security about his situation it is likewise essential in effecting
new changes, which affect the masses or inmate population.
A. Good communication
B. Good Samaritans
C. Good Conduct
D. Good Training
125. The Bureau of Correction is under the ______.
A. Department of Justice
B. DILG
C. DND
D. DOT
126. Severity of the punishment must fit with the crime committed is?
A. Retribution
B. Rehabilitation
C. Reformation
D. Deterrence
127. Who is the founder of psycho – analytic theory?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Simon Freud
C. Freudian Theory
D. Sigmund Friud
128. What is the first prison in the Philippines?
A. Old Bilibid Prison
B. New Bilibid Prison
C. San Ramon Prison
D. Iwahig Penal Colony
129. This system that teaches inmates to value himself and his dealing with others.
A. Milien System
B. Auburn System
C. Pennsylvania System
D. Mammertime System
130. What penal colony found in Zamboanga?
A. San Ramon Penal Colony
B. Iwahig Penal Colony
C. New Bilibid Prison
D. Sablayan Prison
131. Flogging is an example of what punishment?
A. Corporal Punishment
B. Punishment
C. Arbitrary Punishment
D. Light punishment
132. What is the sentence of Mang Canor, if he is to be committed in an insular national prison?
A. 3 years and above
B. 3 years and less
C. 6 months and 1 day to 3 years
D. 1 month and 1 day to 6 months

133. Flogging is a form of corporal punishment, which done through.

A. Mutilation
B. Hanging
C. Whipping
D. Firing squad
134. What month is the correctional conscious week?
A. Last week of October
B. First week of March
C. First week of February
D. First week of June
135. Manuel is a _______ prisoner since his sentence range from 2 day 3 years?
A. District
B. City
C. Municipal
D. Provincial
136. It is a program of graduated release designed to reduce the severity of abrupt release into the community from
institutional life.
A. Reentry program
B. Release program
C. Recovery program
D. Reintegration program
137. This is a procedure, which permits jail prisoners to pursue his normal job during the week and return to the jail
to serve his sentence during the weekend or non – working hours.
A. Delayed sentence
B. Suspended sentence
C. Advance Sentence
D. No sentence
138. Inmates who commit suicide are considered as in any of the following:
A. Liability of the jail administration.
B. Responsibility of the relative of the victim
C. Liability of the relatives of the victim
D. All of the above
139. He opened Borstal prison, considered those best reformatory institutions for young offenders.
A. Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise
B. Sir Francis Galton
C. Sir John Howard
D. Sir John Wayne
140. It is one of the earliest devise for softening brutal severity of punishment thought a compromise with the
church.
A. Benefit of the clergy
B. Benefit of the doubts
C. Benefit of the prisoner
D. Good behavior benefit
141. A recipient of absolute pardon is _____ from civil liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
A. Exempted
B. Liable
C. Accountable
D. Responsible
142. What law that fully deducts the period of the offender’s preventive detention from the sentence imposed by the
courts.
A. RA 6127
B. RA 9344
C. RA 8353
D. RA 6975
143. ______ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to it as a matter of right.
A. Pardon
B. Parole
C. Good Conduct Time Allowance
D. All of the above
144. This is group of prisoners who may be allowed to work outside the fence of the institution under guard escorts.
Generally they are employed as agricultural workers.
A. Medium security prisoners
B. Minimum Security Prisoners
C. Maximum Security Prisoners
D. None of the above
145. Upon the assumption of the IIPC’s work, the United Nations preferred to identify its activities and programs
under the broader concept of ________.
A. Social Justice
B. Retributive Justice
C. Distributive Justice
D. Restorative Justice
146. Formerly, pardon was applied to a member of the __________ who committed crimes and occasionally to those
convicted to offenses against the Royal power.
A. Royal Family
B. French family
C. Wealthy family
D. Democrats Family
147. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu, makes foodstuff purchase, prepares and cooks
the food and serves it to the inmates. It maintains a record of daily purchases and consumption and submits a daily
report to the warden.
A. Mess service branch
B. Foods and Service Branch
C. Kitchens Service Branch
D. Dining Service Branch
148. It is a justification for punishment, which claims that certain things can be done after that served his sentence,
will not want to commit another crime.
A. Rehabilitation
B. Reformation
C. Rehabilitation
D. Deterrence
149. It is amendment and penitence model of prison built in 1820’s were communication among the prisoners was
next to impossible, prisoners are individually isolated.
A. Pennsylvania system
B. Auburn Prison
C. Mammertime Prison
D. Justinian Prison
150. This group consists troublemakers but not dangerous as the super security prisoners. They are not allowed to
work outside the institution.
A. Maximum security prisoners
B. Medium Security Prisoners
C. Minimum Security Prisoners
D. None of the above
151. It is the factor used mostly for the diversification of correctional institution.
A. Degree custody
B. The penalty imposed
C. The Attitude and behavior
D. The severity of the offense
152. A person who is sentenced to serve imprisonment for not more than six months.
A. Municipal prisoner
B. City Prisoner
C. Insular Prisoner
D. Provincial Prisoner
153. A suffering inflicted to an individual for having been committed an offense.
A. Penalty
B. Punishment
C. Imprisonment
D. Incarceration
154. Punishing a criminal serve as example to others is a theory of _____.
A. Exemplarity
B. Deterrence
C. Lessons learn
D. None of the above
155. ________ of prisoners aimed to prevent moral or physical contamination of one group by another and to
prevent unnecessary custodial risk
A. Classification
B. Diversification
C. Diversion
D. Segregation
156. The type of working detention prisoner whom is not entitled to full time service of sentence.
A. Recidivist
B. Habitual offender
C. Casual offender
D. None of the above
157. The period of deducted sentence granted to a prisoner who escaped on the occasion of disorder arising from
conflagrations, earthquakes or catastrophe where he voluntarily surrender within 48 hours following the issuance of
a proclamation announcing the termination such disorder.
A. 1/5 period of sentence
B. 1/3 period of the sentence
C. ½ period of the sentence
D. 1/8 period of the sentence
158. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to:
A. Provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender, which might be less probable if he were to
serve a prison sentence; prevent the commission of offenders; promote the correction and rehabilitation of an
offender by providing him with individualized treatment.
B. Provide an opportunity for the penitent offender to be more careful of his actions.
C. Makes the offender more susceptible to commit further crimes if not being isolated due to the act performed by
him to which he is bound to answer for the satisfaction of the society,
D. All of the above
159. The most common problem of the national prison is;
A. Overcrowding
B. Lack of budget
C. Lack of personnel
D. Insubstantial resources needed
160. In case if conflicting orders, the order one given by the _________ shall be obeyed.
A. Immediate superior
B. Superior who occupies higher position
C. Superior with higher rank
D. Superior with influence with ranking officers
161. Nobody can assume the suffering for a crime committed by others.
A. Personal
B. Interchangeable
C. Transferable
D. Absolute
162. These are the factors considered in diversification, except;
A. Mother of offender
B. Age of the offender
C. Sex of the offender
D. All of the above
163. Article 70 of the revised penal code provides that in applying its provisions, the duration’s of service of
sentence of a life termed should be;
A. 40 years
B. 20 years
C. 10 years
D. Not more than 20 years
164. The features of the prison system were confinement of the prisoners in these is cells days and night.
A. Pennsylvania
B. Mammertime
C. Auburn
D. Alcatraz
165. A person who is sentence to served imprisonment for not more than three years to pay a fine if not more than
one thousand persons or both fine and imprisonment.
A. City prisoner
B. Provincial Prisoner
C. City Prisoner
D. Municipal Prisoner
166. This prison system was considered more advantageous because it had been observed those prisoners and
finishes more articles when they work in-groups than working along in their individual cells.
A. Auburn System
B. Pennsylvania System
C. Auburn System
D. Mammertime
167. Is that kind of prisoners discipline applied after an offense has been committed, in these that may cases, and
punishment does not enter.
A. Negative discipline
B. Positive discipline
C. Harsh discipline
D. All of the above
168. This is a procedure, which permits a jail prisoner to pursue his normal job during the week and return to the jail
to serve his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
A. Delayed sentence
B. Suspended sentence
C. Advance Sentence
D. Any of the above
169. In prison, it is commonly through of a procedure to prevent escapes, riots and disorders and the punishment of
those involved.
A. Preventive discipline
B. Negative discipline
C. Positive discipline
D. Harsh discipline
170. The following are the justifications of punishment, Except:
A. Happiness
B. Retribution
C. Reformation
D. Rehabilitation
171. Are prisoners who cannot be trusted in open conditions and pose less danger to society if they escape;
A. Medium security prisoner
B. Minimum Security Prisoner
C. Maximum Security Prisoner
D. None of the above
172. What law integrated police force, jail management and penology and fire fighting force before PD 765 was
enacted?
A. Executive Order Number 448
B. Executive Order Number 40
C. Executive Order Number 844
D. Executive Order Number 484
173. What law was passed by the U.S. congress which ended the industrial prison movement?
A. A law, which prohibited the sale of prison made articles to the public and limited their use to government owned
or controlled institutions.
B. Law which prohibits prison institution to have their inmates works in their respective cells of confinement.
C. Law which prohibits the crafts making inside the penitentiary and disallowing penitents from indulging
themselves in any working place within the place of their confinement.
D. All of the above
174. The first international organization to achieve international cooperation with respect to the prevention of crime
and the treatment of offenders on 1875 is _______.
A. International penal and penitentiary commission
B. Conventional penal and penitentiary commission
C. United nations penal and penitentiary commission
D. World Penal and penitentiary commission

175. This service provide the most, intensive diagnostic and treatment activities which generality include the
functions of psychiatrist, psychologist, social workers and auxiliary personnel, particularly to offenders with deep
seated emotional problems.
A. Clinical
B. Social
C. Psychological
D. Physiological
176. It refers commission of other crime during service of sentence of penalty imposed for another previous
offense.
A. Quasi-recidivism
B. Recidivism
C. Habitual
D. Quasi habitual
177. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance and has not yet convicted is a;
A. Detention prisoner
B. Sentenced Prisoner
C. Temporary prisoner
D. Conditional prisoner
178. The only one instance when a prisoner maybe given passes or leave from jails or places of confinement, as
maybe allowed by law or regulation, upon approval of the appropriate authority, or the court, if already committed
by court order and upon and recommendation of the warden.
A. Very meritorious cases
B. Unmeritorious case
C. Special Cases
D. In any case
179. Who is responsible for carrying of the treatment program of the prisoner in jails?
A. Classification committee
B. Treatment committee
C. Diversification committee
D. Committee on discipline
180. It detains minimum custody offenders serving short sentence with constructive work programs. It provides full
employment of prisoners, remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
A. Workhouse, jail arm or camp house
B. Staff house, Jail facilities
C. Workshop, jail arm or campus
D. None of the above
181. It is that branch of administration of criminal justice system charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
A. Corrections
B. Law enforcement
C. Courts
D. Prosecution
182. This is also called the guidance or case conference where the prisoner after undergoing all the tests, interviews
and examination appears before the center’s staff in conference of plan out with him his tentative program of
activities the prisoners should undergo including institutional training, recreational program, religious program,
medical and psychiatry services and social services.
A. Staff conference
B. Command conference
C. Officer’s conference
D. Conference for prisoners
183. The first workhouse in England (1557-1576).
A. Bridewell
B. Bridewel
C. Bridewheel
D. Bridwhel
184. BJMP is under the administration of the;
A. DILG
B. DOJ
C. DND
D. DNA
185. The basis of the old school of penology is the human free-will.
A. Classical school
B. Neo Classical
C. Positivist
D. None of the above
186. This charge of financial matters especially in programming, inputting, accounting and other activities related to
financial service, it consolidates and prepared financial reports and related statement of subsistence in the operation
of the jails.
A. Budget and finance branch
B. Mess Service Branch
C. Food Branch
D. All of the above
187. A person can be considered an inmate if;
A. Has committed a crime
B. Was arrested
C. Was investigated
D. All of the above
188. Operation conducted by the BJMP where a prisoner maybe checked at anytime. His bedding, lockers and
personal belongings may also opened at any time in his presence whenever possible.
A. Operation greyhound
B. Frisk and check
C. Counting procedure
D. Checking procedure
189. What is the Executive Department that supervises and controls the numerous Correctional Institutions
nationwide?
A. Department of Justice
B. Department of Interior and Local Government
C. Department of Social Welfare and Development
D. Department of National Defense
190. The Head of the Bureau of Corrections is known as -
A. Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
B. Director of the Bureau of Corrections
C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
D. None of these
191. What Bureau under the DILG is responsible for the supervision and control of Jails?
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Jail
D. City/Municipalities
192. What are the types of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
A. Provincial and Sub-Provincial Jails
B. City and Municipal Jails
C. District Jails
D. Insular Jails
193. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the American Regime. At present, who supervises and
controls the said jails?
A. BJMP
B. DOJ
C. Provincial Government
D. LGU
194. Who is the Head of the Provincial Jail?
A. Provincial Jail Director
B. Provincial Administrator
C. Provincial Jail Warden
D. Governor
195. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?
A. Rehabilitation and Reformation
B. To stand trial
C. Punishment
D. Socialization
196. A place of confinement for persons awaiting trial or court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment is known as
A. Jail
B. Lock-up
C. Penitentiary
D. Detention Cells
197. The act of prisoner trying to convert or induce another to change his religious beliefs, sect or the like to another
while under confinement is referred to as
A. Proselytizing
B. Initiation
C. Fraternization
D. Inducement
198. A warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or detention is known as -
A. Mittimus
B. Detention Mittimus
C. Sentence Mittimus
D. Detention Warrant
199. The entrusting for confinement or an offender to a jail by competent court or authority for investigation, trial
and or service of sentence is referred to as
A. Commitment
B. Detention
C. Imprisonment
D. Recognizance
200. The mechanical device or contrivance, tools or implement used to hold back, keep in check or under control is
the
A. Instrument of Restraint
B. Iron leg Lock
C. Handcuffs
D. metallic chains

Correctional Administration
The Correctional System in the Philippines is composed of six agencies under three distinct and separate
departments of the national government. That three departments of the national government are the following:
1. The Department of Justice
2. The Department of the Interior and Local Government
3. The Department of Social Welfare and Development
Bureau of Corrections - is an agency under the Department of Justice mandated to carry out institutional
rehabilitation programs of the government for national offenders, those sentenced to more than three years and to
ensure their safe custody. It is composed of seven operating institutions located all over the country to accept
national prisoners. The central office is located in the New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, where the
director, the assistant director and the general administration staff are holding official functions.
Bureau of Correction Mandate - The rehabilitation of national prisoners.
Bureau of Correction Slogan - bringing back the dignity of man.
Bureau of Correction Principles
- accomplishing its mandated objectives and performing its assigned
functions.
1. To confine prisoners by giving them adequate living spaces as the
first conditions to be met before any effective
rehabilitation programs can be undertaken.
2. To prevent prisoners fro committing crime while in custody.
3. To provide humane treatment by affording them human basic
needs in the prison environment and prohibiting
cruel methods and provide a variety of rehabilitation program.
Bureau of Corrections Operating Institutions
1. New Bilibid Prisons - Muntinlupa City
2. Correctional Institution for Women - Mandaluyong City
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm - Puerto Princesa City
4. Davao Prison and Penal Farm - Davao del Norte
5. Sablayan Prison and Penal farm - Occidental Mindoro
6. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm - Zamboanga City
7. Leyte Regional Prison - Leyte
Institutional Programs
1. Inmate work program
2. Health care
3. education and skills training
4. Recreation and Sports
5. Religious guidance and behavior modification using the therapeutic
community approach.
1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to
suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence and
extinguish criminal liability.
A. Parole
B.Executive clemency
C. Pardon
D.President’s clemency Answer: B
2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:
A. Executive Department
B. P.N.P.
C. D.I.L.G.
D. D.O.J Answer: C
3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the parole
officer, which is not included?
A. The trick and treat techniques
B.The executive techniques
C.The guidance, counseling and leadership techniques
D.The manipulative techniques Answer: A
4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-will.
A. Penology School
B. Classical School
C. Neo-classical
D. Positivist Answer: B
5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his problems
A. Meeting
B. Working
C. Recreation
D. Counselling Answer: D
6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in programming,
budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial
services. It consolidates and prepares financial reports and
related statements of subsistence outlays and disbursements in
the operational of the jail.
A. Budget and finance branch
B. General services branch
C. Property and supply branch
D. Mess services branch Answer: A
7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner maybe
checked at any time. His beddings, lockers and personal
belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his presence,
whenever possible. This practice is known as:
A. Check and balance
B. S.O.P.
C. Inventory
D. Operation Greyhound Answer: D
8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following instances.
A. Murder
B. Brigandage
C. Rape
D. Impeachment Answer: D
9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of
sentence of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
A. Recidivism
B. Delinquency
C. Quasi-recidivism
D. City prisoner Answer: C
10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or ordinance
and has not been convicted is a -
A. Detention Prisoner
B. Provincial Prisoner
C. Municipal Prisoner
D. City Prisoner Answer: A
11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT
A. Commutation
B. Reform model
C. Amnesty
D. Pardon Answer: B
12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice
System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
A. conviction
B. corrections
C. penalty
D. Punishment Answer: B
13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be exercised?
A. before conviction
B. before trial
C. after conviction
D. during service of sentence Answer: B
14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue
his normal job during the week and return to the jail to serve
his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
A. Amnesty
B. good conduct time allowance
C. probation
D. delayed sentence Answer: D
15. The following are the justifications of punishment, EXCEPT
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Redress
D. Expiration or atonement Answer: C
16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.
A. already convicted
B. not yet convicted
C. about to be convicted
D. serve the sentence Answer: A
17. The idea that punishment will be give the offender lesson by
showing to others what would happen to them if they have
committed the heinous crime.
A. Protection
B. Deterrence
C. Lethal injection
D.Stoning Answer: B
18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.
A. Punishment
B. Treatment
C. Enjoyment
D. Incarceration Answer: B
19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.
A. Recommendation from U.N.
B. Recommendation from C.H.R.
C. Application from C.H.R
D. Concurrence of the congress Answer: D
20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the
A. Director
B. Secretary of the DND
C. Chief of Executive
D. Prison Inspector Answer: A
21. Which program plays a unique role in the moral and spiritual
regeneration of the prisoner?
A. None of these
B.Work programs
C.Education programs
D.Religious programs Answer: D
22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be permitted
to enter the place designated in the sentence or within the radius
therein specified, which shall not be more than 250 and not less
than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
A. Fine
B. None of these
C. P22.00/day
D. P19.00/day Answer: B
23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to
others is the theory of
A. Self-defense
B. Social defense
C. Exemplary
D. Equality Answer: C
24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to
A. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a
penitent offender
B. prevent the commission of offenses
C. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender
by providing him with individualized treatment
D. All of these Answer: D
25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the
National Prison is
A. Excessive number of escapes
B. Overcrowding
C. Disagreement about their mess
D. Lack of adequate funding Answer: D
26. A justification of penalty which states that nobody can assume
the suffering for a crime committed by others.
A. Justice
B. Personal
C. Legal
D. Certain Answer: B
27. These are the factors considered in diversification, EXCEPT;
A. Age of offenders
B. Mother of offender
C. Sex of offenders
D. Medical condition Answer: B
28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily menu,
makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks the food and
serves it to the inmates. It maintains a record of daily purchases
and consumption and submits a daily report to the warden.
A. General Services Branch
B. Mittimus Computing Branch
C. Budget and Finance
D. Mess services Branch Answer: D
29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the Philippines
Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
A. Department of Justice
B. Judiciary
C. Chief Executive
D. Legislative Answer: C
30. The temporary stay of execution of sentence is called
A. Reprieve
B. Pardon
C. Communication
D. Amnesty Answer: A
31. Parole is a matter of ___.
A. Privilege
B. Right
C. Grace
D. Requirement Answer: A
32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as
dangerous as the super security prisoners. They are not
allowed to work outside the institution.
A. maximum security prisoners
B. super security prisoners
C. minimum security prisoners
D. medium security prisoners Answer: A
33. Among the following, which has the authority to grant parole?
A. President
B. Board of Pardons and Parole
C. Director of Prison
D. Court Answer: B
34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil
liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
A. partially exempted
B. exempted
C. conditionally exempted
D. not exempted Answer: D
35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence to
a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
A. Amnesty
B. Commutation
C. Reprieve
D. none of these Answer: B
36. ___ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to
it as a matter of right.
A. Pardon
B. Parole
C. Probation
D. none of these Answer: B
37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated
that the individual has the ability to ____ and to modify
his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
A. challenge
B. none of these
C. change
D. aggravate his behavior Answer: C
38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _____.
A. Department of Social Welfare and Development
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of the Interior and Local Government
D. Department of Health Answer: B
39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over three
(3) years is a _________________.
A. Municipal prisoner
B. Detention prisoner
C. National or Insular prisoner
D. City prisoner Answer: D
40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is also the
A. Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
B. Director of the Bureau of Corrections
C. Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
D. Warden Answer: B
41. What is the type of Jails under the Supervision of the BJMP?
A. Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails
B. City and Municipal Jails
C. Lock up Jails
D. Insular Jails Answer: B
42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the
American Regime. At present, who supervises and controls the
said jails?
A. BJMP
B. Provincial Government
C. DOJ
D. Municipal or City Mayor Answer: B
43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?
A. Rehabilitation and Reformation
B. To stand trial
C. Punishment
D. Socialization Answer: A
44. Which is a place of confinement for persons awaiting trial or
court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment?
A. Jail
B. Lock-up
C. Penitentiary
D. Detention Cells Answer: A
45. Which is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and
signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or
detention?
A. Mittimus
B. Detention Mittimus
C. Sentence Mittimus
D. Detention Warrant Answer: C
46. The maintenance or care and protection accorded to people who
by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated for violation
of laws and also those who were sentenced by the court to serve
judgment is called –
A. custody
B. safe-keeping
C. classification
D. caring Answer: A
47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of offenders
according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.?
A. None of these
B. Custody
C. Security
D. Safe-keeping Answer: A
48. The institution for dangerous but not incorrigible prisoners
in the Philippines is the
A. NBP
B. Medium Security Institution
C. Maximum Security Institution
D. Minimum Security Institution Answer: B
49. The act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the
state which exempts an individual from the punishment which the
law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended by the President
thru the recommendation of the Board of Parole and Pardon is
called
A. Amnesty
B. Parole
C. Pardon
D. Probation Answer: C
50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of prison
uniform for maximum security prison is -
A. Orange
B. Brown
C. Stripe Orange
D. Blue Answer: A
51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before admission, it
means:
A. He has taken the process of identification, record,
fingerprint and photograph
B. He has been examined for contraband
C. His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
D. All of these Answer: B
52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he
A. earned good conduct time allowance credit
B. serve minimum sentence
C. earned good behavior while serving prison term
D. all of these Answer: D
53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its
latest objective, the
A. reformation of offenders
B. deterrence
C. segregation of offender
D. confinement of Offender Answer: A
54. In the New Bilibid Prison, all medium security prisoners are
confined at the
A. NBP Main Prison
B. Camp Bukang Liwayway
C. Camp Sampaguita
D. Medium Security Prison Answer: C
55. Under the prison rules, who is charged for the hearing of
disciplinary cases in prison?
A. Classification Board
B. Parole Board
C. Administrative Board
D. Disciplinary Board Answer: D
56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a
prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a correctional
A. Conditional pardon
B. Probation
C. Parole
D. Commutation Answer: C
57. In jails or prisons, which of the following is a function of
the Custodial Division?
A. Supervision of prisoners
B. Escort of inmates or prisoners
C. Keeping of records
D. None of the above Answer: B
58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting
the public and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring
the latter to undergo institutional treatment program is
referred to as:
A. Imprisonment
B. Trial
C. Conviction
D. Detention Answer: A
59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National Penitentiary in
the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in ____.
A. Palawan
B. Zamboanga
C. Davao
D. Occidental Mindoro Answer: D
60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, this is credited as the oldest
code prescribing savage punishment but in fact ___ is nearly.
100 years older
A. Hammurabic Code
B. Sumerian Code
C. Justinian Code
D. Code of Draco Answer: B
61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain. This means
that:
A. The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
B. No one must escape its effect
C. It must be equal for all persons
D. The consequence must be in accordance
with law. Answer: B
62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in prison,
except:
A. Censor offender’s items
B. Escort inmates
C. Inspect security devices
D. Conduct disciplinary hearing Answer: D
63. As a rule, when a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has
just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
centers shall immediately:
A. sound the alarm
B. locked prisoners in their respective cells
C. Notify the nearest police precinct
D. call the warden or the director Answer: A
64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force
shall immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical posts to:
A. plug off the escape routes
B. to shoot the escapees
C. protect the other inmates
D. to give warning shots Answer: A
65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law, which
grants probation to prisoner sentenced to term in prison of not
more than six (6) years?
A. PD 603
B. RA 698
C. PD 968
D. PD 869 Answer: C
66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and
probationer is known as –
A. Affiliation Guidance
B. Pre-sentenced Investigation
C. Supervision
D. Probation Guidance Answer: C
67. Those who have been once on probation under the Probation
Law:
A. are qualified to apply for probation
B. are disqualified to apply for probation
C. may be granted for another probation
D. should be confined in prison Answer: B
68. This pillar/component of our criminal justice system has been
regarded the weakest pillar due to its failure to eliminate
recidivism and habitual offenders.
A. law enforcement
B. prosecution
C. court
D. correction Answer: D
69. The traditional goal of penology is
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B
70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of
punishment.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: B
71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she
may not commit another crime in the future.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: D
72. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the
mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry
at the end of a prison sentence.
A. Reintegration
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation Answer: A
73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553 and
served as training schools for delinquent youths, provided
housing and support for older and poorer persons,
and detained vagrants.
A. House of Corrections
B. Workhouses
C. Common jails
D. Penal colonies Answer: B
74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and operation
of all district, city and municipal jails to implement a better
system of jail management nationwide
A. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
B. Department of Justice
C. Bureau of Corrections
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: A
75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: C
76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with
custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those
sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three
(3) years
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: B
77. The New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women
(CIW), Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and Sablayan Prison and
Penal Farm are all under this agency.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Department of Justice Answer: B
78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which provides
a less costly alternative to imprisonment of offenders who are
likely to respond to individualized community based treatment
programs.
A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Corrections
C. Provincial Government
D. Parole and Probation Administration Answer: D
79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to capital
punishment are considered
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: D
80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six months are
A. municipal prisoners
B. provincial prisoners
C. city prisoners
D. insular prisoners Answer: A
81. A prison model which sought penitence (hence the term
penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and silence.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: A
82. A prison model where incarcerated persons are allowed to work
outside the institution that houses them.
A. Pennsylvania Prison Model
B. Auburn Prison Model
C. Work Release
D. Halfway Houses Answer: B
83. An alternative to incarceration granted after a convicted person
served a part of his sentence and is allowed to complete a
sentence at large, subject to restrictions and supervision.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: C
84. An alternative to incarceration that allow convicted persons
to remain at large and under varying degrees of restriction
and supervision and certain conditions imposed by the
granting court.
A. Probation
B. Work release
C. Parole
D. Halfway houses Answer: A
85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain
persons awaiting trial or adjudication or confine convicted
offenders for a short period of time.
A. Halfway houses
B. Penal colonies
C. Jails
D. All of these Answer: C
86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain
convicted offenders for longer or extended period of time,
including those who are waiting their death sentence.
A. Halfway house
B. Farm house
C. Jail
D. Prison Answer: D
87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
A. RA 8551
B. RA 9165
C. RA 6975
D. RA 4890 Answer: C
88. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?
A. A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
B. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
C. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one
(1) day to three (3) years
D. A prisoner serving a term of three (3)years and one
(1) day up Answer: C
89. This theory in criminology states that people are totally
responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on the
effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal.
A. Positivist Theory
B. Psychological Theory
C. Biological Theory
D. Classical Theory Answer: D
90. Which of the following is an executive clemency that requires
the concurrence of congress?
A. Probation
B. Pardon
C. Amnesty
D. Parole Answer: C
91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers the _____
Correctional Program.
A. Institutional
B. Integrated
C. Community – based
D. Traditional Answer: C
92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is
referred to as
A. a corporal punishment
B. a determinate sentence
C. an indeterminate sentence
D. a capital punishment Answer: C
93. Pedro was required to provide financial remuneration for the
losses incurred by the victim. What is the type of penalty
described?
A. Bond
B. Retribution
C. Restitution
D. Remuneration Answer: C
94. What kind of program employs prisoners in various product or
good producing tasks?
A. Agricultural
B. Operational
C. Industrial
D. Administrative Answer: C
95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as
gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?
A. Complex Crime
B. Compound Crime
C. Blue Collar crimes
D. Victimless crimes Answer: D
96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and
qualifications for the grant of pardon or parole?
A. Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
D. None of the above Answer: D
97. Which of the following should a probationer avoid?
A. Make periodic report
B. Go and play in the gambling den
C. Work regularly to support family
D. Stay away from bad associates. Answer: B
98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals
convicted and meted out the penalty of
A. 12 years 6 months and one day
B. Death
C. Life imprisonment
D. 6 years one month and one day Answer: B
99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal
disorders, chromosomes irregularity and abnormal brain activity.
A. None of these
B. Age Reform
C. Age of Discernment
D. Age of Reason Answer: A
100. What correctional institution houses accused persons awaiting
trial?
A. Rehabilitation center
B. Jail
C. Halfway house
D. Prison Answer: B

Correctional Administration vs. Correctional Management :

Correctional Administration vs. Correctional Management RHEM RICK CORPUZ Correctional administration is
the organization and management of the delivery system that brings the basic necessities and treatment programs of
the correctional institutions or agencies to the correctional client (Vernon Fox) . C orrectional management is
concerned primarily with making use of available manpower and resources to implement programs. Thus, most of
Management’s time is spent on activities within the organization. Managers are responsible primarily for
implementing policy and for day-to-day planning so their positions tend to be less political.

Penology defined. :
Penology defined. RHEM RICK CORPUZ Penology is the study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders.
It includes the study of control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders. It is a term
derived from the Latin word “poena” which means pain or suffering. Also known as Penal Science
Aims of Penology :
Aims of Penology RHEM RICK CORPUZ To bring light on the ethical barriers of punishment, along with the
motives and purposes of society inflicting it. To make a comparative study of penal laws and procedures through
history between nations. To evaluate the social consequences of the policies enforced at a given time.

Correction defined.:
Correction defined. RHEM RICK CORPUZ A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of criminal offenders . A field of criminal justice administration, which utilizes the
body of knowledge and practices of the government and the society in the general involving the processes of
handling individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of crime prevention and control.

Other terms..:
Other terms.. RHEM RICK CORPUZ Penology is the old term the accepted term now is CORRECTIONS PENAL
MANAGEMENT – refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as jails or
prisons.

Models of Correctional Administration :

Models of Correctional Administration RHEM RICK CORPUZ Responsibility Model - stresses prisoners’
responsibility for their own actions, not administrative control to assure prescribed behavior. Custodial Model – It
emphasizes maintenance and security and order through the subordination of the prisoner to the authority of the
warden. Discipline is strictly applied and most aspect of behavior is regulated.

Models of Correctional Administration :

Models of Correctional Administration RHEM RICK CORPUZ Control Model - emphasizes on prisoner obedience,
work and education. Rehabilitation Model – in this model, security and housekeeping activities are viewed primarily
as a framework for rehabilitative efforts.. Reintegration Model - is linked to the structures and goals of community
corrections but has direct impact on prison operations. This model is based on the assumption that it is important for
the offender to maintain or develop ties with the free society. The entire focus of this approach is on the resumption
of a normal life.

Models of Correctional Administration :

Models of Correctional Administration RHEM RICK CORPUZ Total Institution Model - A prison must be such an
institution in the sense that whatever prisoners do or do not do begins and ends there; every minute behind bars must
be lived in accordance with the rules as enforced by the staff. Penitentiary model - applies two systems namely, the
separate and the congregate . The separate system used solitary confinement and manual labor in which the
prisoners were kept separate from one another as well as from the outside world. The congregate system is one in
which the prisoners slept in solitary cells, worked together but complete silence is observed. Progressive Model -
The New York’s famous Elmira Reformatory is described as the original model from which progressive penology
evolved. It was praised as a humanitarian “hospital” or “college on the hill”, the model developed a new, liberating
reformatory and produced a kind of scientific penitentiary

Punishment vs. Penalty:

Punishment vs. Penalty RHEM RICK CORPUZ It is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of
society that usually involves pain and suffering. It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for a crime or
wrongdoing. Is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of
law.

Justifications of Punishment :
Justifications of Punishment RHEM RICK CORPUZ Retribution – during the primitive days, punishment of the
transgressor was carried out in the form of personal vengeance.. Expiation or Atonement – . An offense committed
by a member against another member of the same clan or group aroused the condemnation of the whole group
against the offending member. The group would therefore demand that the offender be punished. Expiation is
therefore, group vengeance as distinguish from retribution which is personal vengeance .

Justifications of Punishment:
Justifications of Punishment RHEM RICK CORPUZ Deterrence – It is commonly believed that punishment gives a
lesson to the offender; that it shows other what would happen if they violate the law; and that punishment holds
crime in check. Protection – Protection as a justification of punishment came after prisons, were fully established.
People believe that by putting the offender in prison, society is protected from his further criminal depredation.
Vicious and dangerous criminals are made to serve long terms of imprisonment to protect the public from harm or
against their dangerous behavior. Reformation – Under this theory, society can best be protected from crime if the
purpose of imprisonment is to reform or rehabilitate the prisoner.

Juridical Conditions of Punishment :

Juridical Conditions of Punishment RHEM RICK CORPUZ Productive of Suffering Commensurate with the offense
Personal Legal Equal Certain Correctional
PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT Imprisonment – based on degree of
severity of crime Parole – (After minimum term) Probation – (No imprisonment) Fine – According to set amount
Destierro - (25 kms away)

EARLY LEGAL CODES :

RHEM RICK CORPUZ EARLY LEGAL CODES

Code of Ur- Nammu (2100–2050 BCE):

Code of Ur- Nammu (2100–2050 BCE) Oldest Code known to man institutes fines of monetary compensation for
bodily damage, as opposed to the later lex talionis (‘eye for an eye’) principle of Babylonian law;
however, murder, robbery, adultery and rape were capital offenses. Provides the first caste system RHEM RICK
CORPUZ

Code of Eshunna :
Code of Eshunna RHEM RICK CORPUZ Code of Eshunna (ca 1930 BC) – a Sumerian code which forbid accepting
money or objects “from the hands of a slave” or making loans (that is, any transactions with a slave). Moneylenders
are likewise forbidden from taking hostages, whether free men or slaves .

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ Code of Lipit-Isthar (ca 1860 BC) - a more popular version the Sumerian law which
chronicles the rights of citizens, marriages, successions, property rights and penalties.

Code of Hammurabi:
Code of Hammurabi First discovered in 1901, these laws are currently the earliest known complete set of codified
laws. Once thought to be the earliest laws until the discovery of a portion of the Code of Lipit-Ishtar (circa 1868
B.C.E.) in the 1930's. These laws are originally scripted on an eight meter monolith stone tablet in the Akkadian
language. The monolith is currently part of the Near Eastern Antiquities Collection at the Lourve Museum in Paris,
France. Hammurabi was the King of Babylon from about 1792 B.C.E. to 1750 B.C.E. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Code of Draco:
Code of Draco RHEM RICK CORPUZ Greek Code of Draco (621 BC) – In Greece, around 621 BC, the Code of
Draco was enforced, a hash code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves as it
incorporates primitive concepts. The penalty for many offenses was death; so severe, that the word "draconian"
comes from his name and has come to mean, in the English language, an unreasonably harsh law. The Draco laws
were the first written laws of Greece. These laws introduced the state's exclusive role in punishing persons accused
of crime, instead of relying on private justice. Thus, the Greeks were the first society to allow any citizen to
prosecute the offender in the name of the injured party.

Solon’s Law:
Solon’s Law RHEM RICK CORPUZ Solon’s Law (530 BC) – This law repealed Draco’s laws and allowed capital
punishment only for a limited number of serious offenses, such as murder or military or political offenses against the
state. It also gave the right of representation , of every person to claim redress on behalf of another to whom wrong
was being done

Mosaic Code:
Mosaic Code The Law of Moses is a biblical term first found in the Book of Joshua 8:31-32 where Joshua writes
the words of "the Law of Moses" on the altar at Mount Ebal. The text continues "And afterward he read all the
words of the law, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law." (Joshua 8:34).
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Twelve tables:
Twelve tables The Law of the Twelve Tables ( Duodecim Tabulae ) was the ancient legislation that stood at the
foundation of Roman law. The Twelve Tables came about as a result of the long social struggle between patricians
and plebeians. After the expulsion of the last king of Rome,Tarquinius Superbus, the Republic was governed by a
hierarchy of magistrates. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Justinian Code:
Justinian Code Corpus Juris Civilis or the Justinian Code, was the result of Emperor Justinian's desire that existing
Roman law be collected into a simple and clear system of laws, or "code .“ Tribonian , a legal minister under
Justinian, lead a group of scholars in a 14-month effort to codify existing Roman law. The result was the first
Justinian Code, completed in 529. RHEM RICK CORPUZ
Burgundian Code :
Burgundian Code RHEM RICK CORPUZ Burgundian Code (500 A.D) – also known as Lex Burgundionum ,
published in about 475 in Burgundy, now Southeastern France. The codification married German to Roman law as
well as advancing other unique and novel aspects of written private laws which influenced the course of the laws of
Europe.

Secular Codes:
Secular Codes RHEM RICK CORPUZ Secular Laws (4 th AD) - were advocated by Christian philosophers who
recognizes the need for justice. Some of the proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas.
During this period, three laws were distinguished: External Law (Lex Externa), Natural Law (Lex Naturalis),
Human Law (Lex Humana). All these laws are intended for the common good, but the Human law only becomes
valid if it does not conflict with the other two laws.

Judean Christian Theory:

Judean Christian Theory RHEM RICK CORPUZ 30 C.E. The canonical courts refuse to recognize State courts and
allowed jurisdiction over crimes of heresy, blasphemy, and witchcracft.

Historical Developments in Corrections:

RHEM RICK CORPUZ Historical Developments in Corrections

FORMS OF PUNISHMENT: ANCIENT TO CONTEMPORARY:

FORMS OF PUNISHMENT: ANCIENT TO CONTEMPORARY RHEM RICK CORPUZ Capital punishments- is
death by means of burning at stake, beheading broken on the wheel, garroting (strangulation by a tightened iron
collar), and other forms of medieval executions. broken on the wheel broken on the wheel

Burning at stake :
Burning at stake RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ Priscillian (died 385) was bishop of Ávila and a theologian the first person in the history
of Christianity to be executed for heresy (though the civil charges were for the practice of magic). He founded
an ascetic group that, in spite of persecution,.

Hanging, mutilation :
Hanging, mutilation RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Corporal punishment :
Corporal punishment RHEM RICK CORPUZ are those physical torture by means of mutilation, whipping or
flogging, stocks, furca, stoning, branding. mutilation flogging/whipping

Stoning:
Stoning RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Public humiliation :
Public humiliation RHEM RICK CORPUZ Is the social degradation, in the form of putting the offender into shame
or humiliation like; Stocks - held a prisoner in a sitting position with feet and heads locked ina frame. Pillory - a
prisoner in a standing position with the head and hands locked in place. Both devices exposed the prisoner to public
scorn. And while confined in place, prisoners were frequently pelted with eggs and rotten fruit. In England they
abolished the pillory during 1834.

Pillory:
Pillory RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Pillory:
Pillory RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Banishment or exile :
Banishment or exile RHEM RICK CORPUZ is the sending or putting away of an offender which was carried out
either by prohibition against coming has been removed. TRANSPORTATION AND SLAVERY- into a specified
territory such as an Island to where the offender is the other similar forms of punishment like transportation &
slavery

Aristotle:
Aristotle RHEM RICK CORPUZ The first attempt to explain crime was made by the Athenian philosopher,
Aristotle. In his book “Nicomedean Ethics” , he discusses corrective justice, thus – “punishment is a means of
restoring the balance between pleasure and pain”. This philosophy of individual determinism which existed up to
400 B.C., was another form of the so called “free-will theory ”.
Mutilation :
Mutilation RHEM RICK CORPUZ was another type of corporal punishment use in ancient and medieval societies.
Archeological evidence shows that Pharaohs of ancient Egypt, or their representative often ordered mutilation and it
is according to the law of retaliation.

For example::
For example: RHEM RICK CORPUZ Offenses Punishment Thieves/counterfeiters hand cut-off Liars & perjurers
tongues torn out Spies eyes gouged out Sex criminals genitals removed Blasphemers tongues pierced out Upper lips
cut away

Flogging (whipping):
Flogging (whipping) RHEM RICK CORPUZ has been the most common physical punishment through the ages.
The Mosaic code, for example authorized flogging and the Roman law specified flogging as a punishment for
certain forms of theft. It is Common in England during the Middle Ages as chastisement for a wide variety of
crimes; the women were flogged in private, while men were whipped publicly. The construction of flogging whips
from simple leather straps or willow branches to heavy, complicated instruments designed to inflict a maximum of
pain.

Cat-o’-nine-tails :
Cat-o’-nine-tails RHEM RICK CORPUZ traditional form of whip consisting if nine knotted cords fastened to a
wooden handle. CAT- got its name from the marks it left on the body which were like the scratches of a cat.

Furca:
Furca RHEM RICK CORPUZ Furca - v-shaped yolk worn around the neck and where the outstretched arms of
convict were tied to.

Russian knout :
Russian knout RHEM RICK CORPUZ is the cruel form of whip their knout was made of leather strips fitted with
fish hook. When the prisoner was whipped, the hooks would dig into the body, ripping away the proverbial “pound
of flesh” with each stroke. A thorough whipping with the knout could result in death from blood loss. This kind of
punishment survived into the 20th century.

Polo Y Servicio:
Polo Y Servicio RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ The early punishment were considered synonymous with slavery, those punished even had
their “ heads shaved” indicating the mark of the slave. PENAL SERVITUDE/CIVIL DEATH- extensive use in
Roman days, the offenders property was confiscated in the name of the state and that his wife was declared a widow,
meaning she is eligible to remarry. To society the criminal in effect “dead”. In forced labor they will perform hand
labor in the great public works, working in the mines or galleys or building the public works planned by the
government and collecting human waste from door to door.

Crime & sin:

Crime & sin RHEM RICK CORPUZ Punishment of the individual in the name of the state also included the concept
of supertitious revenge. Crime was entangled with sin and punishment in the form of wergeld (payment to the
victim) or friedensgeld (payment to the state) was not sufficient. If society believed the crime might have offended a
divinity, the accused had to undergo at a long period of progressively harsher punishment in order to appease the
Gods. The zone between church law and state law became more and more blurred, and the concept of personal
responsibility for one’s act was combined with the need to “get right with God”.

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ Culleus- the offender was confined in a sack with an ape, a dog and a serpent and the sack
was thrown into the sea. Vestal Virgin- who had violated their vows of chastity were buried alive. And as an
alternative to execution, offenders who went into exile lost their citizenship, freedom and immovable property. And
if they will returned to Rome, they could be killed by any citizen.

Blood feud:
Blood feud RHEM RICK CORPUZ The practice of personal retaliation was later augmented by the blood feud, in
which the victims family or tribe took revenge on the offenders family or tribe. Because this form of retaliation
could easily escalate and result in an endless vendetta between the injured factions, some methods of control had to
be devised to make blood feud less costly and damaging.

Vengeance:
Vengeance RHEM RICK CORPUZ The practice of retaliation usually begins to develop into a system of criminal
law when it becomes customary for the victims of the wrongdoing to accept money or property in place of blood
vengeance. The other form of acceptance of vengeance in the form of a payment (such as cattle, food or personal
services), was usually not compulsory and victims were still free to take whatever vengeance they wished.
PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ The custom of atonement for wrongs by payment to appease the victim’s family or tribe
became known as lex salica (or wergeld, in Europe) lex salica or restitution. It is still in effect in many Middle
Eastern and Far Eastern countries, with the amount of payment based on the injured person’s rank and position.

Outlawry or exile:
Outlawry or exile RHEM RICK CORPUZ First punishment imposed by society, and it heralded the beginning of
criminal law as we know it. As tribal leaders, elders & kings, came into power they began to exert their authority on
the negotiations. Wrongdoers could choose to stay away from the proceedings this was their right. But if they
refused to abide by the imposed sentenced, they were declared to be outside the law of the tribe (nation, family) or
an outlaw.

Middle ages :
Middle ages RHEM RICK CORPUZ The social structure and the growing influence of the church on everyday life
resulted in a divided system of justice. Reformation was viewed as a process of religious, not secular, redemption.
The sinner had to pay two debts, one to society and another to God. ordeal - As the form of proving the guilt or
innocent they will use the trials by ordeal it is the way to determined by subjecting the accused to dangerous or
painful test in the belief that the innocent would emerge unscathed, whereas the guilt would suffer agonies and die.

Middle ages:
Middle ages RHEM RICK CORPUZ The social structure and the growing influence of the church on everyday life
resulted in a divided system of justice. Reformation was viewed as a process of religious, not secular, redemption.
The sinner had to pay two debts, one to society and another to God. Ordeal - As the form of proving the guilt or
innocent they will use the trials by ordeal it is the way to determined by subjecting the accused to dangerous or
painful test in the belief that the innocent would emerge unscathed, whereas the guilt would suffer agonies and die.

Trials by ordeal:
Trials by ordeal RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Other Important Dates:

Other Important Dates RHEM RICK CORPUZ 5 th to 11 th Century- Dark Ages or Early Middles Ages 13 th
Century- Securing Sanctuary – place of asylum or refuge open for unpremeditated crimes where criminals can seek
refuge for 90 days 1468- torture became a prevalent form of punishment 16 th Century- Transportation became a
prevalent punishment 1835- Transportation was abandoned

Other Important Dates:

Other Important Dates RHEM RICK CORPUZ 16- 17 th Century- conceptualization of workhouses in England
where inmates work at organized production for the profit of a commercial firm. 17- 18 th Century Death Penalty
became prevalent Gaols were common Galleys- a long narrow, single, decked ship propelled by sails, usually rowed
by criminals Hulks- decrepit transport, former warships converted as prisons/ floating hells/ hell hole

Other Important Dates:

Other Important Dates RHEM RICK CORPUZ 18 th century- Age of Enlightenment 1870-1880- Golden Age of
Penology National Prisons Association in 1870 (Ohio) First International Prison Congress was held in London in
1872 which established the International Penal and Penitentiary Commission (Hague) Elmira Reformatory was
established in New York in 1876 First separate institution for women were established in Indiana and Massachusetts

Pioneers in Correctional Reform :

RHEM RICK CORPUZ Pioneers in Correctional Reform

William Penn:
William Penn RHEM RICK CORPUZ William Penn (1614-1718), fought for religious freedom and individual
rights. He was the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offenders. He also
fought for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment.

Penitentiary :
Penitentiary RHEM RICK CORPUZ an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and from one another
so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and thus undergo reformation

Principles of a Penitentiary :
Principles of a Penitentiary RHEM RICK CORPUZ isolate prisoner from bad influences of society - liquor,
temptation, people penance & silent contemplation productive labor reform (thinking & work habits) return to
society, renewed key = solitary confinement isolate from contagion foster quiet reflection punishment, since man is
social animal cheap  shorter sentence, fewer guards
Benjamin Rush :
Benjamin Rush RHEM RICK CORPUZ Benjamin Rush (1745–1813) Physician, patriot, signer of the Declaration of
Independence, and social reformer, Rush advocated the penitentiary as replacement for capital and corporal
punishment.

Charles Montesiquieu:
Charles Montesiquieu RHEM RICK CORPUZ Charles Montesiquieu (Charles Louis Secondat , Baron de la Brede
et de Montesiquieu ) - (1689- 1755) A French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of
justice. He believed that harsh punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral sentiments was
the better means of preventing crime. famous for his advocacy in reforming slavery as a means of punishment. He
was famous for the theory “separation of powers” of the legislative, judiciary and the executive.

John Locke :
John Locke RHEM RICK CORPUZ Founder of the School of Empiricism Empirical evidence rather than
speculation Tabula rasa- empty state Man is born good, independent and equal

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ Francois Marie Arouet (Pen name: Voltaire) (1694- 1778) He was the most versatile of all
philosophers during this period. He believed that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime. He fought the legality-
sanctioned practice of torture.

Cesare Beccaria :
Cesare Beccaria RHEM RICK CORPUZ Cesare Bonesa, Marchese de Beccaria (1738-1794) - He wrote the essay
“An Essay on Crimes and Punishment”, the most exiting essay on law during his time as it presented the humanistic
goals of law.

Jeremy Bentham:
Jeremy Bentham RHEM RICK CORPUZ Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) – the greatest leader in the reform of
English Criminal law. He believed that whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the
criminal derives from crime the crime rate would go down. He was also famous for the PANOPTICAN prison
design – a prison that consists of a large circular building containing multi cells around the periphery.

Panopticon Prison:
Panopticon Prison A type of prison which consist of a large circular building of a cast iron and glass containing
multi-tiered cells around the periphery. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

John Howard:
John Howard RHEM RICK CORPUZ John Howard (1726 – 1790) – the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who
devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. After his findings on English Prisons, he recommended that single
cells for sleeping, segregation of women, segregation of youth, provision of sanitation facilities, abolition of fee
system Father of prison reform .

Sir Samuel Romilly (1757- 1818):

Sir Samuel Romilly (1757- 1818) A follower of Bentham, was an able lawyer and the most effective leader in direct
and persistent agitation for reform of the English criminal code. He pressed for construction of the first modern
English prison, Millbank , in 1816. His prison idea was taken up by Romilly’s followers, Sir James Mackintosh
(1765- 1832) and Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton (1786- 1845). RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Sir Robert Peel (1788- 1850) :

Sir Robert Peel (1788- 1850) Was the leader in the English legislature for reform of the criminal code, pushing
through programs devised by Bentham, Romilly , and others. He established the Irish constabulary, called the
“PEELERS” after the founder. In 1829, he started the London Metropolitan Police, known as “Bobbies” also after
Sir Robert. He was active in all phases of Criminal Justice. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Manuel Montesimos:
Manuel Montesimos RHEM RICK CORPUZ Manuel Montesimos , who was the Director of the prisons of Valencia,
Spain, in 1835, divided prisoners into companies and appointed prisoners as petty officers in charge. Academic
classes of one hour a day were given all inmates under 20 years of age.

Alexander Maconochie :
Alexander Maconochie RHEM RICK CORPUZ Capt. Alexander Maconochie, the Superintendent of a penal colony
at Norfolk Island in Australia who introduced a progressive humane system to substitute for corporal punishment.
When a prisoner earned a required number of marks, he was given his ticket of leave, which is the equivalent of
parole He introduced fair disciplinary trials, built churches, distributed books, allowed plays to be staged, and
permitted prisoners to tend small gardens. Father of parole
PowerPoint Presentation:
The first thing that Alexander Maconochie did was to eliminate the flat sentence , a system that had allowed no hope
of release until the full time had been served. Then he developed a MARK SYSTEM- whereby a convict could earn
freedom by hard work and good behavior. This put the burden of release on the convict. As Maconochie said, “
when a man keeps the key of his own prison, he is soon persuaded to fit it into the lock” RHEM RICK CORPUZ

The system had five principles::

The system had five principles: Release should not be based on the completing of a sentence for a set period of time,
but on the completion of a determined and specified quantity of labor. In brief, time sentences should be abolished,
and tasked sentences substituted. The quantity of labor a prisoner must perform should be expressed in a number of
“marks” which he must earn, by improvement of conduct, frugality of living, and habits of industry, before he can be
released. While in prison he should earn everything he receives. All sustenance and indulgences should be added to
his debt of marks. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
When qualified by discipline to do so, he should work in association with a small number of other prisoners,
forming a group of six or seven, and the whole group should be answerable for the conduct and labor of each
member. In the final stage, a prisoner, while still obliged to earn his daily tally of marks, should be given a propriety
interest in his own labor and be subjected to a less rigorous discipline, to prepare him for release into society. But
sad to say the fact that Maconochie’s visionary toward rehabilitation were not appreciated or supported by the
unenlightened bureaucrats above him. His results thus were disclaimed, and the colony fell back into its former
brutalized routine almost as he left it. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Walter Crofton:
Walter Crofton RHEM RICK CORPUZ Sir Walter Crofton, Chairman of the Directors of Irish prisons. In 1856,
Crofton introduced the “ Irish system”, later on called the progressive stage system .

Crofton and the Irish system:

Crofton and the Irish system SIR WALTER CROFTON of Ireland- used that concept in developing what he called
the “indeterminate system”, which came to be known as the “IRISH SYSTEM” . He reasoned that if penitentiaries
are places where offenders think about their crimes and can decide to stop their criminal misbehavior (“repent”),
then there must be a mechanism to determine that this decision has in fact been made, as well as a mechanism for
getting the inmate out when penitence has been done. The indeterminate sentence was believed to be the best
mechanism. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Crofton devised a series of stages, each bringing the convict closer to the free society;:
Crofton devised a series of stages, each bringing the convict closer to the free society; The first stage was composed
of solitary confinement and monotonous of work. The second stage was assignment to public works and a
progression through various grades, each grade shortening the length of stay. The last stage was assignment to an
indeterminate prison where the prisoner worked without supervision and moved in and out of the free country. If the
prisoner’s conduct continued to be good and if he or she were able to find employment , then the offender returned
to the community on a conditional pardon or “ticket to leave”. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Ticket to leave:
Ticket to leave Ticket to leave- This ticket could be revoked at any time within the span of the original fixed
sentence if the prisoner’s conduct was not up to standards established by those who supervised the conditional
pardon. Crofton’s plan was the first effort to establish a system of conditional liberty in the community, the system
we know today as Parole. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Frédéric-Auguste Demetz:
Frédéric-Auguste Demetz RHEM RICK CORPUZ Frédéric-Auguste Demetz was famous for the establishment of
agricultural colony for delinquent boys in France in 1839. The boys were housed in cottages with house fathers as in
charge. The system was based on reeducation rather than force. When discharge the boys were place under the
supervision of a patron.

Zebulon Brockway:
Zebulon Brockway RHEM RICK CORPUZ Zebulon R. Brockway , in 1876, the New York State Reformatory at
Elmira opened with Z. R. Brockway as superintendent. Brockway introduced in Elmira a new institutional program
for boys from 16 to 30 years of age.

Contribution of Brockway:
Contribution of Brockway RHEM RICK CORPUZ The new prisoner was classified as second grade and was
promoted to first grade after six months of good behavior. Another six months of good behavior in the first grade
qualified him for parole. If the prisoner committed a missed conduct he was demoted to third grade where he was
required to show good conduct for one month before he could be reclassified to second grade.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise :
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise RHEM RICK CORPUZ Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise, was a Director of English prisons, after
visiting Elmira in 1897, opened the Borstal Institution near Rochedi, in Kent. The Borstal Institutions of England
became the earliest best reform institutions for young offenders.

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Elam Lynds :
Elam Lynds warden of the Auburn and later of Sing Sing (which he built), was one of the most influential persons in
the development of early prison discipline in America. He is described as having been a strict disciplinarian who
believe that all convicts were cowards who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken. To this end he
devised a system of brutal punishments and degrading procedures, many of which remained as accepted practice
until very recent times. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
The imposition of silence was seen as the most important part of the discipline program. The rule of absolute silence
and noncommunication was maintained and enforce by the immediate use of the lash for the slightest infraction.
Flogging was advocated by Lynds as the most effective way to maintain order. He sometimes used a “cat” made of
wires strands. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
The methods used to prevent conversation or communication during after meals were also humiliating, prisoners
were required to sit face-to-back. They were given their meager and usually bland and unsavory, meal to eat in
silence. If they wanted more food, they would raise one hand; if they had too much they raised the other. Any
infraction of the rule of silence resulted in a flogging and the loss of a meal. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Prison Stripes:
Prison Stripes A development of the various forms of attire to degrade and identify prisoners. Wide alternating
black-and-white horizontal bonds were placed on the loose-fitting heavy cotton garments. Stripes were still in use in
the South as late as the 1940’s and 1950’s. They have been generally replaced in most security prisons by blue
denims or whites. Early prisoners were allowed to wear the same clothing as the free society did. Auburn and Sing
Sing prisons different colors were used for the first time offenders and for repeaters The famous “prisons stripes”
came into being during the year 1815 in New York. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Lockstep :
Lockstep Prisoners were required to line up in close formation with their hands on the shoulders or under the arms
of the prisoner in front. The line moved rapidly toward its destination as the prisoners shuffled their feet in unison
without lifting them from the ground. Because this non-stop shuffle was “encouraged” by the use of the lash, any
prisoner who fell out of lockstep risked a broken ankle or other serious injury from the steadily objectionable and
was punished viciously. The methods used to prevent conversation or communication during after meals were also
humiliating, prisoners were required to sit face-to-back. They were given their meager and usually bland and
unsavory, meal to eat in silence. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Lockstep:
Lockstep RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Jean Jacques Villian :

Jean Jacques Villian RHEM RICK CORPUZ Designed the Prison of Ghent (Belgium) To rehabilitate rather than to
punish Father of Penitentiary Science He developed a strict classification of criminals and their segregation.

Sir William Blackstone:

Sir William Blackstone RHEM RICK CORPUZ Author of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 based on the work of John
Howard One of the lead authors of the Neo- Classical Theory

John Haviland :
John Haviland RHEM RICK CORPUZ John Haviland (1792–1852) was an English-born architect who was a major
figure in American Neo-Classical architecture, and one of the most notable architects working from Philadelphia in
the 19th century.

James Bennett:
James Bennett RHEM RICK CORPUZ James V. Bennett Director of Federal Bureau of Prisons Wrote about closing
of Alcatraz Prison Built the Federal Correctional Institution in Seagoville Texas

Ellen Cheney Johnson:

Ellen Cheney Johnson RHEM RICK CORPUZ founded the New England Women's Auxiliary Association to
the United States Sanitary Commission, worked with homeless and vagrant women after the Civil War through the
Dedham Asylum for Discharged Female Prisoners, and served as superintendent of the Massachusetts Reformatory
Prison for Womenat Framingham. Pushed for the establishment of an all women's prison in 1877

Sanford Bates (1884- 1972):

Sanford Bates (1884- 1972) a legendary figure in American corrections, was president of the American Correctional
Association in 1926. He became the first superintendent of federal prisons in 1929 and the first director of the
United States Bureau of Prisons in 1930. In 1937 he became the executive director of the Boys’ Clubs of America.
Later he served as commisioner of the New York State Board of Parole and Commisioner of the New Jersey
Department of Institutions and Agencies. He was also an active consultant and writer. Sanford Bates introduced
procedures into the U.S Bureau of Prison in 1934. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
This U.S Bureau of Prisons gradually emerged as the national leader in corrections, introducing many new concepts
that have been copied by states system. Two major contributions were diagnosis and classification and the use of
proffesional personnel such as psychiatrists and psychologists to help rehabilitate inmates. The federal system also
led the way to more humane treatment and better living conditions. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

J. Edgar Hoover:
J. Edgar Hoover Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) His war on crime helped give the world the
supermaximum prison, Alcatraz. Located on a an Island in San Francisco bay, Alcatraz was constructed to house the
hardest criminals in America. When it was built in 1934, it was seen as the answer to the outrages of such desperate
criminals. 1963- Alcatraz was closed. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Olin Guy Blackwell:

Olin Guy Blackwell RHEM RICK CORPUZ Olin Guy Blackwell (February 15, 1915 – March 7, 1986) was the
fourth and final warden of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, which was situated on Alcatraz Island, California, US.
Associate Warden to Paul J. Madigan from April 1959, Blackwell served as warden of Alcatraz at its most difficult
time from 1961 to 1963 when it was facing closure as a decaying prison and financing problems and at the time of
the infamous June 1962 escape from Alcatraz.

Fred Wilkinson:
Fred Wilkinson RHEM RICK CORPUZ Director of the Department of Corrections. A man with many years of
experience in the federal prison system, Wilkinson had also been instrumental in closing Alcatraz Prison, and had
masterminded the trade of Russian spy Rudolf Abel for downed U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers in Germany in 1962.
Wilkinson quickly became known as Friendly Fred around the penitentiary because of his easy, open manner around
the inmates. He was often seen on weekends walking his pet bulldog inside the prison yard.

EARLY PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS:

RHEM RICK CORPUZ EARLY PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Early Prisons:
Early Prisons RHEM RICK CORPUZ Mamertine Prison/“Carcere Mamertino” (600 BC) - the oldest known prison
can be traced to the Ancient Rome’s series of dungeons. It was originally designed as a reservoir for water. Le
Stinche Prison , built in the 1290s in Florence, Italy, housed male inmates separately from female inmates, and also
segregated inmates by age group, degree of sanity, and severity of offense.

Early Prisons:
Early Prisons RHEM RICK CORPUZ Château d'If (pronounced as shat-o-deef) - 1524 – fortress that was built on
the rocky islet of If, 2 miles off the French port of Marseilles. In 1580 it was taken into use as a state prison for those
convicted of serious political and religious crimes. Bridewell Prison (1557) - the most popular workhouse in
London which was built for the employment and housing of English prisoners.

Early Prisons:
Early Prisons RHEM RICK CORPUZ Maison de Force (1627) – a house of correction in Ghen , Belgium which
separate adult from juveniles and women from men, an innovation to prison system during the 1600s.

Indiana Women’s Prison:

Indiana Women’s Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ It was established in 1873 as the first adult female correctional
facility in the country. As of 2005 it had an average daily population of 420 inmates, most of whom are members of
special-needs populations, such as geriatric, mentally ill, pregnant, and juveniles sentenced as adults. Security levels
range from medium to maximum.The prison holds Indiana’s only death row for women; however, no Indiana
woman is currently sentenced to death

Hospicio de San Michelle :

Hospicio de San Michelle RHEM RICK CORPUZ Prison divided into cells and first established in the year 1704 at
the Hospital of St. Michael during the reign of Pope Clement XI; prototype of reformatories for juvenile offenders.
a. Rehabilitative concept b. Segregation of prisoners c. Forced silence for contemplation of prisoners d. Many
practices were adopted in Auburn system
PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ Walnut Street Jail (1776) – was originally constructed as a detention jail in Philadelphia
was converted into a state prison and became the first American Penitentiary. Devil's Island (Îsle du Diable) – 1852 -
the most notorious prison in the world in terms of the harshness of its regime and position. The island is situated in
the Atlantic off the coast of French Guiana (N.E. coastline of S. America) and was in use from 1852 to 1946.

Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia:

Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia Became the first American Jail. It was originally constructed as a detention jail
and was converted into a state prisons. The Walnut Street jail become known as Pennsylvania System. The first jail
in America was built the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Alcatraz:
Alcatraz RHEM RICK CORPUZ Alcatraz (The Rock) - 1850 – the prison is located on an island in San Francisco
Bay. It was built for the military in the 1850's and used by them, as a fort and a prison until 1933 when it passed to
the Department of Justice and became a civil prison until it was closed in1963.

Inspection House :
Inspection House RHEM RICK CORPUZ Inspection House ( Panopticon ) - Jeremy Bentham was founder of the
British Utilitarianism movement which suggested that laws should be evaluated to ensure that they are ethical and
useful. He designed a model prison which was referred to as the “ Panopticon ”.

Auburn 1821:
Auburn 1821 RHEM RICK CORPUZ Cell block architectural design to avoid contact with other prisoners. Imposes
solitary confinement and severe discipline Inmates are on contract- convict lease system with work lasting for 10
hours per day and 6 days per week.

Singsing Prison :
Singsing Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ inflicted aside from floggings, denial of reading materials and solitary
confinement. The shower bath was a gadget so constructed as to drop a volume of water on the head of a locked
naked offender. The force of icy cold water hitting the head of the offender caused so much pain and extreme shock
that prisoners immediately sank into coma due to the shock and hypothermia or sudden drop in body temperature.

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Eastern State Penitentiary :

Eastern State Penitentiary RHEM RICK CORPUZ Follows the Pennsylvania System Inmates wore hoods when
marhcing to their cells to avoid seeing other prisoners Regimentation included lockstep and single file marching
with head turned right No visitors and mail or newspapers were allowed

Competing Systems :
Competing Systems RHEM RICK CORPUZ Pennsylvania system “Separate system” solitary confinement eat,
sleep, work in cell religious instruction reflection upon crimes reform through salvation religious enlightenment
model for Europe e.g. Walnut St. Jail Western Penitentiary Eastern State Pen. New York system evolved into
“Congregate system” hard labor in shops-day solitary confinement-night strict discipline rule of silence reform
through good work habits discipline model for US-economical e.g., Auburn Prison, 1816

and the winner is…?:

and the winner is…? Pennsylvania/Philadelphia model Europeans applauded and replicated New York/Auburn
model won out in US; more cost-effective labor; state negotiated contracts with manufacturers but neither curbed
crime nor reformed offr’s various reforms tinkered w/ look, purpose but icon of high-walled fortress remained:
Attica, Quentin, Folsom, Sing Sing RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Southern penology:
Southern penology Devastation of war and economic hardship produced 2 results: Lease system Private business
negotiated with state for labor & care of inmates--Kentucky (1825) Penal farms State-run plantations which grew
crops To feed inmates To sell on free market RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Western developments:
Western developments penology in west not greatly influenced by the ideologies of the east prior to statehood,
prisoners held in territorial facilities or in federal military posts and prisons 1852: San Quentin - California’s 1st
prison 1877: Salem, Oregon prison - Auburn model western states discontinued use of lease system as states entered
into the union e.g. Oregon, California, Montana, Wyoming RHEM RICK CORPUZ
the Reformatory Movement (1870s - 1890s):
the Reformatory Movement (1870s - 1890s) product of disillusionment with oppressive penitentiary system focus
remained  inmate change! key features: indeterminate sentences > fixed offender classification should be based on
character & institutional behavior use early release as incentive to reform RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Hallmarks of the reformatory movement:

Hallmarks of the reformatory movement National Prison Association precursor: American Correctional Asso . strong
religious influence (still) Cincinnati meeting, 1870  Declaration of Principles “reformation is a work of time : and a
benevolent regard to the good of the criminal himself, as well as to the protection of society , requires that his
sentence be long enough for the reformatory process to take effect.” e.g., Machonochie , Crofton, Brockway RHEM
RICK CORPUZ

“reformatory” Zebulon Brockway:

“reformatory” Zebulon Brockway an institution for young offenders emphasizing training, a mark system of
classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole: 1 st time felons (16-30) diagnosis, individualized treatment,
reform operation:  intake interview : determine causes of crime  individualized work & education program  mark
system of classification (work, school, behavior). move up OR down, with accumulation of marks: begin at grade 2
can earn 9 marks/mo. for 6 months:  grade 1; or  grade 3; then, 3 mo. good behavior:  grade 2 again.
administrators determine release date Elmira Reformatory (Zebulon Brockway; 1876-1900) RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Reformatory movement ends:

Reformatory movement ends failed to reform (like penitentiary) brutality corruption not administered as planned
but, important features survived: inmate classification rehabilitation programs indeterminate sentences parole
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

the Progressive Era (1890s - 1930s):

the Progressive Era (1890s - 1930s) age of reform : set tone for American social thought & political action until
1960s! condemned ills of new urban society--big business, big industry, urban blight  faith in science to find
answers to crime, criminal behavior, treatment  new faith in government action to eliminate social problems--slums,
crime trends of period industrialization urbanization technological change scientific advancement RHEM RICK
CORPUZ

“progressive” reforms:
“progressive” reforms 2 strategies for CJ reform:  improve general social, economic conditions that seem to breed
crime  rehabilitate individual offenders 4 planks in “progressive” platform: probation (John Augustus, 1841)
indeterminate sentencing (by 1920s, 37 states) parole (by 1920s, 44 states; 80% of releases) juvenile courts (1899,
Cook County) By 1970s, most of these enlightened & well-meaning reforms seen as having failed to live up to their
promise RHEM RICK CORPUZ

The Medical Model (1930s - 1960s):

The Medical Model (1930s - 1960s) a model of corrections positing that criminal behavior is caused by social,
psychological, biological deficiencies that require medical treatment first serious efforts to implement truly medical
strategies aimed at scientifically classifying, treating, rehabilitating criminal offenders e.g. “medical” programs &
institutions psychology (Karl Menninger) Maryland Patuxent Institution, 1955 sexual psychopath, sociopath laws
crime as sickness RHEM RICK CORPUZ

The Community Model (1960s - 1970s):

The Community Model (1960s - 1970s) model of corrections positing goal of CJS: to reintegrate offender into
community key features prisons should be avoided; prison = artificial environment; prison frustrates crime-free
lifestyle need to focus on offender’s adjustment into society; not just on psychological treatment probation
intermediate sanctions; (alternatives to incarceration) parole RHEM RICK CORPUZ

The Crime Control Model (1970s - 2000):

The Crime Control Model (1970s - 2000) less ambitious, less optimistic, less forgiving view of man & ability of CJS
to change him crime better controlled by more incarceration & strict supervision precipitating factors public concern
over rising crime in ‘60s disillusionment with treatment public clamor for longer sentences distrust of broad
discretion given to correctional & parole authorities RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Modern Trends:
Modern Trends RHEM RICK CORPUZ 1967 - The Community Based Era (Deinstitutionalization) - A more
humanistic approach was envisioned. The community base approach would help the inmate and it would help solve
the problem of overcrowding prisons. Inmates took part in half-way houses and job release programs. Some were
even allowed week end furloughs to visit family and loved ones. 1980 - The “Warehousing” Era - After many
studies showed that efforts to rehabilitate criminals were failing miserably, it was evident that a new approach
should be used. This led to the “nothing works” doctrine. The new approach would be to simply put criminals away
so they would no longer be a menace to society. This is when the term “warehousing” began to surface. Prisoners
were put away for determined periods of time without the earlier frills of treatment and “coddling”.
Early forms of prison discipline :
Early forms of prison discipline HARD LABOR- productive works DEPRIVATION- deprivation of everything
except the essentials of existence. MONOTONY- giving the same food that is “off” diet or requiring the prisoners to
perform drab or boring daily routine. UNIFORMITY- “we treat the prisoners alike”, the fault of one is the fault of
all. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
MASS MOVEMENT- mass living in cellbloks, mass eating, mass recreation, mass bathing. DEGRADATION-
uttering insulting words or languages on the part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or break the confidence
of prisoners. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT- imposing brutal punishment or employing physical force to intimidate a
delinquent inmate. ISOLATION or SOLITARY CONFINEMENT- non-communication, limited news, “the lone
wolf”. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Historical Development of Corrections in the Philippines :

RHEM RICK CORPUZ Historical Development of Corrections in the Philippines

HISTORICAL SETTING OF CORRECTION IN THE PHILIPPINES :

HISTORICAL SETTING OF CORRECTION IN THE PHILIPPINES Most tribal traditions, customs, and practices
influenced laws during the Pre-Spanish Philippines. There were also laws that were written which includes the;
CODE OF KALANTIAO- (promulgated in 1433). MARAGTAS CODE- (Datu Sumakwel) The most extensive and
severe law that prescribes harsh punishment is the Maragtas code (Datu Sumakwel). Eventually, the Spanish Civil
Code became effective in the Philippines on December 7, 1889, the “CONQUISTADORES”. The Kodigo Penal
(noe the REVISED PENAL CODE) was also also introduced promulgated by the king of Spain. Basically, these
laws adopted the Roman Law principles (Coquia, 1996.) RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Code of Kalantiao:
Code of Kalantiao RHEM RICK CORPUZ Article I Ye shall not kill, neither shall ye steal nor shall ye hurt the aged,
lest ye incur the danger of death. All those who this order shall infringe shall be tied to a stone and drowned in a
river or in boiling water. Article II Ye shall punctually meet your debt with your headman. He who fulfils not, for the
first time shall be lashed a hundredfold, and If the obligation is great, his hand shall be dipped threefold in boiling
water. On conviction, he shall be flogged to deatth . Article III Obey ye: no one shall have wives that are too young,
nor shall they be more than what he can take care of, nor spend much luxury. He who fulfils not, obeys not, shall be
condemned to swim three hours and, for the second time, shall be scourged with spines to death. Article IV Observe
and obey ye: Let not the peace of the graves be disturbed; due respect must be accorded them on passing by caves
and trees where they are. He who observes not shall die by bites of ants or shall be flogged with spines till death.

PowerPoint Presentation:
Most tribal traditions, customs, and practices influenced laws during the Pre-Spanish Philippines. There were also
laws that were written which includes the; CODE OF KALANTIAO- (promulgated in 1433). MARAGTAS CODE-
(Datu Sumakwel) The most extensive and severe law that prescribes harsh punishment is the Maragtas code (Datu
Sumakwel). RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Spanish Era:
Spanish Era RHEM RICK CORPUZ Upon the occupation of the Philippines by the Spaniards dating as far back as
1521, and at various later dates when formal occupation of the different villages were effected by the Spanish
“conquistadores”, the laws which were introduced in the Philippines were the royal decrees, ordinances, rules and
regulations for the government of the colonies promulgated by the King of Spain from time to time and later on
incorporated into "Recopelacion de las Leyes de India."

Criminal Laws under Spain:

Criminal Laws under Spain RHEM RICK CORPUZ By virtue of a Royal Decree of September 4, 1884, the Code
thus prepared by the Code Committee was ordered enforced in the Philippines. Some of the objections to the
enforcement of the Code were raised by the " Gobierno General" to the Minister of Ultramar, but notwithstanding
such objections, in a subsequent Royal Decree dated December 17, 1886, the Code was ordered promulgated. The
Penal Code together with the " Ley Engiciamiento Criminal" were then enforced, both laws taking effect four
months thereafter, in accordance with the provisions of the Decree " Legislacion Ultramarina " of March 13, 1887.

Spanish Era :
Spanish Era Eventually, the Spanish Civil Code became effective in the Philippines on December 7, 1889, the
“CONQUISTADORES”. The Kodigo Penal was also also introduced promulgated by the king of Spain. Basically,
these laws adopted the Roman Law principles. RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Old Bilibid Prison:

Old Bilibid Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ Established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the Revised
Administrative Code and formally opened by Royal Decree in 1865, the Old Bilibid Prison was constructed as the
main penitentiary on Oroquieta Street, Manila designed to house the prison population of the country “Carcel y
Presidio Correccional” could accommodate 1,127 prisoners.
Old Bilibid Prison:
Old Bilibid Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ The Carcel was designed to house 600 prisoners who were segregated
according to class, sex and crime while the Presidio could accommodate 527 prisoners. Plans for the construction of
the prison were first published on September 12, 1859 but it was not until April 10, 1866 that the entire facility was
completed

Old Bilibid Prison:

Old Bilibid Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ The central tower formed the hub. Under this tower was the chapel.
There were four cell-houses for the isolated prisoners and four isolated buildings located on the four corners of the
walls, which served as kitchen, hospital and stores. The prison was divided in the middle by a thick wall. One-half
of the enclosed space was assigned to Presidio prisoners and the other half to Carcel prisoners.

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

PowerPoint Presentation:
RHEM RICK CORPUZ

Penal Colonies :
Penal Colonies RHEM RICK CORPUZ On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga
City was established to confine Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule. The
facility, which faced the Jolo sea had Spanish-inspired dormitories and was originally set on a 1,414-hectare
sprawling estate

Bureau of Prisons :
Bureau of Prisons RHEM RICK CORPUZ Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization Act of 1905
(Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an agency under the Department of Commerce and Police. It also
paved the way for the re-establishment of San Ramon Prison in 1907 which was destroyed during the Spanish-
American War. On January 1, 1915, the San Ramon Prison was placed under the auspices of the Bureau of Prisons
and started receiving prisoners from Mindanao.

Penal Colonies :
Penal Colonies RHEM RICK CORPUZ 1904 the Iuhit penal settlement (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a
vast reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s. Confines
incorrigibles with little hope of rehabilitation, the area was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive
Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912.

CIW (Correctional Institute for Women):

CIW (Correctional Institute for Women) RHEM RICK CORPUZ Other penal colonies were established during
the American regime. On November 27, 1929, the Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) was created under Act
No. 3579 to provide separate facilities for women offenders while the Davao Penal Colony in Southern Mindanao
was opened in 1932 under Act No. 3732.

Transfer to Muntinlupa:
Transfer to Muntinlupa RHEM RICK CORPUZ Commonwealth Act No. 67 was enacted, appropriating one million
(P1,000.000.00) pesos for the construction of a new national prison in the southern suburb of Muntinlupa , Rizal in
1935. The old prison was transformed into a receiving center and a storage facility for farm produce from the
colonies

Transfer to Muntinlupa:
Transfer to Muntinlupa RHEM RICK CORPUZ November 15, 1940, all inmates of the Old Bilibid Prison in Manila
were transferred to the new site. The new institution had a capacity of 3,000 prisoners and it was officially named
the New Bilibid Prison on January 22, 1941. The prison reservation has an area of 587 hectares, part of which was
arable. The prison compound proper had an area of 300 x 300 meters or a total of nine hectares. It was surrounded
by three layers of barbed wire
Developments after the war:
Developments after the war RHEM RICK CORPUZ A death chamber was constructed in 1941 at the rear area of the
camp when the mode of execution was through electrocution. In the late ‘60s, fences were further reinforced with
concrete slabs. The original institution became the maximum security compound in the 70s and continues to be so
up to present, housing not only death convicts and inmates sentenced to life terms, but also those with numerous
pending cases, multiple convictions and sentences of more than 20 years

Satellites of the Bilibid Prison:

Satellites of the Bilibid Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ The Camp Sampaguita or the Medium Security Camp, which
was used as a military stockade during the martial law years and the Minimum Security Camp, whose first site was
christened “ Bukang Liwayway ”. Later on, this was transferred to another site within the reservation where the
former depot was situated.

Sablayan and Leyte Regional Prison:

Sablayan and Leyte Regional Prison RHEM RICK CORPUZ Under Proclamation No. 72 issued on September 26,
1954, the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro was established. In The Leyte Regional Prison
followed suit under Proclamation No. 1101 issued on January 16, 1973.

Fort Bonifacio (non operational):

Fort Bonifacio (non operational) RHEM RICK CORPUZ A committee report submitted to then President Carlos P.
Garcia described Fort Bonifacio , formerly known as Fort William McKinley, as a military reservation located in
Makati, which was established after the Americans came to the Philippines. The prison was originally used as
a detention center for offenders of US military laws and ordinances.

Corregidor Prison (non operational):

Corregidor Prison (non operational) RHEM RICK CORPUZ In 1908 during the American regime, some 100
prisoners were transferred from the OldBilibid Prison to Corregidor Island to work under military authorities. This
move was in accordance with an order from the Department of Instructions, which approved the transfer of inmates
so they could assist in maintenance and other operations in the stockade.

Bontoc Prison (non operational):

Bontoc Prison (non operational) RHEM RICK CORPUZ The Philippine Legislature during the American regime
passed Act No. 1876 providing for the establishment of a prison in Bontoc in Mountain Province. The prison was
built for the prisoners of the province and insular prisoners who were members of the non-Christian tribes of
Mountain Province and Nueva Viscaya.
What is Penalty? :
What is Penalty?

Slide 3:
It is the suffering that is inflicted by the State for the transgression of a law. In its general sense, signifies pain;
especially considered in the juridical sphere, it means suffering undergone, because of the action of human society,
by one who commits a crime. (Pessina, Elementos de Derecho Penal, pp. 375-376) What are the juridical conditions
of penalty?

Slide 4:
Must be productive of suffering, without however affecting the integrity of the human personality. Must be
commensurate with the offense – different crimes must be punished with different penalties. Must be personal – no
one should be punished for the crime of another. Must be legal – it is the consequence of a judgment according to
law. Must be certain – no one may escape its effects. Must be equal for all. Must be correctional. What is the
purpose of the State in punishing crimes?

Slide 5:
To secure justice. The State has an existence of its own to maintain, a conscience of it’s to assert, and moral
principles to be vindicated. Penal justice must be therefore be exercised by the State in the service and satisfaction of
a duty, and rests primarily on the moral rightfulness of the punishment inflicted.

Slide 6:
What are the theories justifying penalty? Prevention Self-defense Reformation Exemplarity Justice Note: Social
defense and exemplarity justify the penalty of death.

Slide 7:
Three-fold purpose of the penalty of RPC: 1. Retribution or Expiation – the penalty is commensurate with the
gravity of the offense. 2. Correction or Reformation – as shown by the rules which regulate the execution of the
penalties consisting in deprivation of liberty. 3. Social defense – shown by its inflexible severity to recidivists and
habitual delinquents.
Slide 8:
When penalty may not be imposed? No felony shall be punishable by any penalty not prescribed by law prior to its
commission. (Art 21,RPC)

Slide 9:
When penal laws shall have a retroactive effect? Penal laws shall have a retroactive effect in so far as they favor the
person guilty of a felony, who is not a habitual criminal. (Art. 22, RPC) Although at the time of the publication of
such laws a final sentence has been pronounced and the convict is serving the same. Note: General rule is to give
criminal laws prospective effect.

Slide 10:
The favorable retroactive effects of a new law find the defendant in one of these three situations: The crime has been
committed and prosecution begins; Sentence has been passed but service has not begun; The sentence is being
carried out. (Escalante vs. Santos, supra)

Slide 11:
What is the effect of pardon by the offended party? A pardon by the offended party does not extinguish criminal
action except as provided in Article 344 of RPC. But civil liability with regard to the interest of the injured party is
extinguished by his express waiver. Pardon under Art. 344 of RPC must be made before institution of criminal
prosecution. Note: Pardon under Art. 344 of RPC is only a bar to criminal prosecution. Art. 89 of RPC does not
mentioned pardon by the offended party as one of the causes of total extinguish of criminal liability.

Slide 12:
What are the measures of prevention or safety are not considered penalties? (Art. 24, RPC) The arrest and temporary
detention of accused persons The commitment of a minor to any of the institutions mentioned in RA 9344.
Suspension from the employment or public office during the trial or in order to institute proceedings. Fines and other
corrective measures. Deprivation of rights and the reparations which the civil law may establish in penal form.

Slide 13:
What are the penalties may be imposed? 1. Principal Penalties: 1.1 Capital Punishment: Death 1.2 Afflictive
Penalties: Reclusion Perpetua Reclusion Temporal Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification Perpetual or
Temporary Special Disqualification Prision Mayor

Slide 14:
1.3 Correctional Penalties: Prision Correccional Arresto Mayor Suspension Destierro 1.4 Light Penalties: Arresto
Menor Public Censure 1.5 Penalties common to the three preceding classes: Fine, and Bond to keep the peace.

Slide 15:
2. Accessory Penalties: Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification Perpetual or Temporary Special
Disqualification Suspension from public office, the right to vote and be voted for, the profession or calling Civil
interdiction Indemnification Forfeiture or confiscation of instruments and proceeds of the offense, and Payment of
Cost

Slide 16:
What are the classifications of penalties? (Art. 25, RPC) Principal penalties – those expressly imposed by the court
in the judgment of conviction. Accessory penalties – those that are deemed included in the imposition of the
principal penalties.

Slide 17:
Classifications of Principal penalty: Indivisible penalties – are those which have no fixed duration, are: Death
Reclusion Perpetua Perpetual absolute or special disqualification Public censure 2. Divisible penalties – are those
that have fixed duration and are divisible into three periods.

Slide 18:
When a fine is afflictive penalty? (Art. 26, RPC) A fine shall be considered an afflictive penalty, if it exceeds 6,000
pesos. When a fine is correctional penalty? A fine shall be considered a correctional penalty, if it does not exceed
6,000 pesos but is not less than 200 pesos. When a fine is light penalty? A fine is light penalty, if it be less than 200
pesos.

Slide 19:
What is the duration of each penalty? (Art. 27, RPC): Reclusion Perpetua – shall be from twenty years and one day
to forty years. Reclusion Temporal – 12 years and 1 day to 20 years. Prision Mayor – 6 years and 1 day to 12 years.
Prision Correccional – 6 months and 1 day to six years. Arresto Mayor – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months. Arresto
Menor – 1 day to 30 days. Bond to keep the peace – shall be required to cover such period of time as the court may
determine.
Slide 20:
In what cases destierro imposed? Serious physical injuries or death under exceptional circumstances. (Art. 247) In
case of failure to give bond for good behavior. (Art. 248) As a penalty for the concubine in concubinage. (Art. 334)
In cases where after reducing the penalty by one or more degrees destierro is the proper penalty.

Slide 21:
When there is preventive imprisonment? The accused undergoes preventive imprisonment when the offense charged
is nonbailable, he cannot furnish the required bail. What is civil interdiction? It is the deprivation of the offender
during the time of his sentence of the rights of parental authority, or guardianship, either as to the person or property
of any ward, of marital authority, of the right to manage his property, and of the right to dispose of such property by
any act or any conveyance inter vivos. (Art. 34, RPC)

Slide 22:
What is the effect of bond to keep the peace? Should the person sentenced fail to give the bond as required he shall
be detained for a period which shall in no case exceed six months, if he shall have been prosecuted for a grave or
less grave felony, and shall not exceed thirty days, if for a light felony. (Par. 3, Art. 35, RPC) Note: Bond to keep the
peace is different from bail bond which is posted for the provisional release of a person arrested for or accused of a
crime.

Slide 23:
What are the effects of pardon by the President? A pardon shall not restore the right to hold public office or the right
of suffrage. It shall not exempt the culprit from the payment of the civil indemnity. Exception: When any or both
such rights is or are expressly restored by the terms of the pardon.(Art. 36, RPC) When pardon may be granted?
Pardon may be granted only after conviction by final judgment.

Slide 24:
What is Cost? Cost shall include fees and indemnities in the course of the judicial proceedings, whether they are
fixed or unalterable amounts previously determined by law or regulations in force, or amounts not subject to
schedule.

Slide 25:
What are the pecuniary liabilities of persons criminally liable? The reparation of the damage caused. Indemnification
of the consequential damages. Fine. Costs of Proceedings. (Art. 38, RPC)

Slide 26:
What is subsidiary penalty? It is a subsidiary personal liability to be suffered by the convict who has no property
with which to meet the fine, at the rate of one day for each eight pesos, subject to the rules provided for in Article
39.

Slide 27:
When Subsidiary penalty is not imposable? When the penalty imposed is higher than prision correccional. (Par. 3,
Art. 39, RPC) For failure to pay the reparation of the damage caused, indemnification of the consequential damages,
and the costs of the proceedings. When the penalty imposed is fine and a penalty not to be executed by confinement
in a penal institution and which has no fixed duration.

Slide 28:
When there is a complex crime? When a single act constitutes two or more grave or less grave felonies. (compound
crime) When an offense is a necessary means for committing the other. (complex crime proper) Note: No complex
crime where one of the offense is penalized by a special law.

Slide 29:
What is special complex crime? Cases which seem to be complex crimes but cannot be considered as such, as the
RPC specially provides penalty therefore. Example: Robbery with Homicide (Art. 294, par. 1), Robbery with Rape
(Art. 294, par. 2), Kidnapping with Serious Physical Injuries (Art. 267, par. 3), Kidnapping with Murder or
Homicide (Art. 267, last par.), or Rape with Homicide (Art. 335).

Slide 30:
What is Plurality of crimes? It consists in the successive execution by the same individual of different criminal acts
upon any of which no conviction has yet been declared. What is continued crime? It is a single crime consisting of a
series of acts but all arising from one criminal resolution.

Slide 31:
What are the penalty to be imposed upon principals, accomplices, and accessories of a consummated, frustrated and
attempted crime?

The diagram or table below is applicableNote: “0” represents the penalty prescribed by law in defining a crime. :
The diagram or table below is applicableNote: “0” represents the penalty prescribed by law in defining a crime.
Slide 33:
What is the penalty for impossible crime? The penalty for impossible crime is arresto mayor or a fine ranging from
200 to 500 pesos. What are the basis for imposition of penalty for impossible of crime? Social danger, and Degree of
criminality shown by the offender.

Slide 34:
When maximum penalty shall be imposed? When in the commission of the crime, advantage was taken by the
offender of his public position; If the offense was committed by any person who belongs to an organized/syndicated
crime group. What is an organized/syndicated crime group? A group of two or more persons collaborating
confederating or mutually helping one another for purposes of gain in the commission of any crime.

Slide 35:
What is the effect of the attendance of aggravating circumstances? Increasing the penalty, without, however,
exceeding the maximum penalty. What is the effect of the attendance of mitigating circumstances? Diminishing the
penalty. What is the effect of habitual delinquency? Habitual delinquency has the effect, not only of increasing the
penalty because of recidivism which is generally implied in habitual delinquency, but also of imposing an additional
penalty.

Slide 36:
Who is habitual delinquent? A person is habitual delinquent if within a period of ten years from the date of his (last)
release or last conviction of the crimes of: serious or less serious physical injuries, robo (robbery), hurto (theft),
estafa, or falsification, he is found guilty of any of said crimes a third time or oftener.

Slide 37:
What are the requisites of habitual delinquency? That the offender had been convicted of any of the crimes of
serious or less serious physical injuries, robbery, theft, estafa, or falsification. That after conviction or after serving
his sentence, he again committed, and within 10 years from his release or first conviction, he was again convicted of
any of the said crimes for the second time. That after conviction of, or after serving sentence for, the second offense,
he again committed, and, within 10 years from his last release or last conviction, he was again convicted of any of
said offenses, the third time oftener.

Slide 38:
What is the distinction of habitual delinquency from recidivism? As the crime committed: In recidivism, it is
sufficient that the accused on the date of his trial, shall been previously convicted by final judgment of another crime
embraced in the same title of the Code; in habitual delinquency, the crimes are specified. As to the period of time the
crimes are committed: In recidivism, no period of time between the former conviction and the last conviction is
fixed by law; in habitual delinquency, the offender is found guilty of any of the crimes specified within ten years
from his last release or last conviction. As to the number of crimes committed: In recidivism, the second conviction
for an offense embraced in the same title of the Code is sufficient; in habitual delinquency, the accused must be
found guilty the third time or oftener of any of the crimes specified. (People vs. Bernal, 63 Phil. 750, 755) As to their
effects: Recidivism, if not offset by a mitigating circumstance, serves to increase the penalty only to the maximum;
whereas, if there is habitual delinquency, an additional penalty is also imposed.

Slide 39:
What is three-fold rule? According to the three-fold rule, the ,maximum duration of the convict’s sentence shall not
be more three times the length of time corresponding to the most severe of the penalties imposed upon him. (Art. 70,
RPC) When three-fold rule is applicable? The three-fold rule applies only when the convict has to serve at least four
sentences. What is Act No. 4103? An act to provide for an indeterminate sentence and parole for all persons
convicted of certain crimes by the Courts of the Philippine Islands. It is an act to create a Board of Indeterminate
Sentence and to provide funds therefor and for other purposes.

Slide 40:
What are the penalties to be determined by the court as referred to Indeterminate Sentence Act? The two penalties
are Maximum and Minimum terms. The law should be applied in imposing a prison sentence for a crime punishable
either by Special Law or by Revised Penal Code.

Slide 41:
When Indeterminate Sentence Law is not applicable? Indeterminate Sentence shall not applicable to the following:
Persons convicted of offenses punished with death penalty or life imprisonment. Those convicted of treason,
conspiracy or proposal to commit treason. Those convicted of misprision of treason, rebellion, sedition or espionage.
Those convicted of piracy. Those who are habitual delinquents. Those who shall have escaped from confinement or
evaded sentence. Those who violated the terms of conditional pardon Those whose maximum term of imprisonment
does not exceed one year. Those who, upon the approval of the law (Dec. 5, 1933), had been sentenced by final
judgment. (Sec. 2, Act. 4103) Those sentenced to the penalty of destierro or suspension.

Slide 42:
What are the reasons for fixing the Minimum and Maximum penalties in the indeterminate sentence? Whenever any
prisoner shall have served the minimum penalty imposed on him, and it shall appear to the Board of Indeterminate
Sentence that such prisoner is fitted for release, said Board may authorize the release of such prisoner on parole,
upon such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Board.

Slide 43:
2. Whenever such prisoner released on parole shall, during the period of surveillance, violate any of the conditions
of his parole, the Board may issue an order for his arrest. In such case, the prisoner so rearrested shall serve the
remaining unexpired portion of the maximum sentence. (Sec. 5 and 8, Act No. 4103) 3. Even if a prisoner has
already served the minimum, but he is not fitted for release on parole, he shall continue to serve imprisonment until
the end of the maximum. - It is mandatory in the cases specified therein, for it employs the phrases “convicts shall
be sentenced” and “the court shall sentence the accused to an indeterminate sentence.” (People vs. Yu Lian, CA.,
O.G. 4205)

PROBATION :
PROBATION A term coined by John Augustus, from Latin verb “probare” – to prove, to test. John Augustus – A
shoe cobbler, is credited as the “Father of Probation”.

History :
History The origins of probation can be traced to English criminal law of the Middle Ages. Harsh punishment were
imposed on adults and children alike for offenses that were not always if a serious nature. During the time of King
Henry VIII, for instance, no less than 200 crimes were punishable by death, many of which were minor offenses.
This harshness eventually led to discontent in certain progressive segments of English society concerned with the
evolution of the justice system. Slowly, yet resolutely, in an effort to mitigate these inhumane punishments, such as;
Royal pardons, could be purchased by the accused; benefit of clergy, judicial reprieve, sanctuary, and abjuration
offered offenders a degree of protection from the enactment of harsh sentences.

Slide 46:
Eventually, the courts began the practice of “binding over for good behavior,” a form of temporary release during
which offenders could take measures to secure pardons or lesser sentences. In the United States, particularly in
Massachusetts, different practices were being developed. “Security for good behavior”, also known as good
aberrance, was much like modern bail: the accused paid a fee as collateral for good behavior. Using this procedure,
indictments were “laid on file” or held in abeyance. To mitigate unreasonable mandatory penalties, judges often
granted a motion to quash based upon minor technicalities or errors in the proceedings. Although, these American
practices were genuine precursors to probation, it is the early use of recognizance and suspended sentence that are
directly related to modern probation.

Two names are most closely associated with the founding of probation: :
Two names are most closely associated with the founding of probation: 1. Matthew Davenport Hill In 18th century,
English barrister and judge. As a young professional in England, had witnessed the sentencing of youthful offenders
to one-day terms on the condition that they be returned to a parent or guardian who would closely supervise them.
When he eventually became the Recorder of Birmingham, a judicial post, he used a similar practice for individuals
who did not seem hopelessly corrupt. If offenders demonstrated a promise for rehabilitation, they were placed in the
hands of generous guardians who willingly took charge of them. He had police officers pay periodic visits to these
guardians in an effort to tack the offender’s progress and to keep a running account.

Slide 48:
2. John Augustus He was born in Woburn, Massachusetts, in 1785. by 1829, he was a permanent resident of Boston
and the owner of a successful boot-making business. In 1841, he attended police court to bail out a “common
drunkard”, the first probationer. In 1858, he had provided bail for 1,946 men and women, young and old.
Reportedly, only ten of this number forfeited their bond, a remarkable accomplishment when measured against any
standard. In 1859, after his death, the first probation statute enacted in Massachusetts.

Historical Background of Probation in the Philippines :

Historical Background of Probation in the Philippines Probation was first introduced in the Philippines during the
American colonial period (1898-1945) with the enactment of Act No. 4221 of the Philippines Legislature on August
7, 1935. This law created a Probation Office under the Department of Justice. On November 16, 1937, after barely
two years of existence, the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared the Probation Law Unconstitutional because
of some defects in the law’s procedural framework. In 1972, House Bill No. 393 was filed in Congress, which would
establish a probation system in the Philippines. However, it was pending in the senate when Martial Law was
declared and Congress was abolished.

Slide 50:
Teodolu C. Natividad initiated the drafting of Probation System. In 1975, the National Police Commission
Interdisciplinary drafted a Probation Law. After 18 technical hearings over a period of six months, the draft decree
was presented to a selected group of 369 jurists, penologists, civic leaders and social and behavioral scientists and
practitioners. The group overwhelmingly indorsed the establishment of an Adult Probation System in the country.
On July 24, 1976, Presidential Decree No. 968, also known as Adult Probation Law of 1976, was signed into Law
by the President of the Philippines. On January 3, 1978, the probation system started to operate. There are at present
204 filed offices spread all over the country, supervised by 15 regional offices.
Slide 51:
What is PD No. 968, as amended by PD 1257, BP 76, and PD 1990? A decree establishing a Probation System.
What is Probation? It is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is released subject to
conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer. What is Probation Officer? It is one
who investigates for the court referral for probation or supervises a probationer or both.

Slide 52:
What is Probationer? It is a person placed on probation. Who may grant the Probation? The trial court has convicted
and sentenced a defendant. When probation may be granted? Probation may be granted whether the sentence
imposes a term of imprisonment or a fine with subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency. Upon application by
said defendant within the period for perfecting an appeal, suspend the execution of the sentence and place the
defendant on probation for such period and upon such terms and conditions as it may deem best. Provided, that no
application for probation shall be entertained or granted if the defendant has perfected the appeal from the judgment
of conviction.

Slide 53:
What is Post-Sentence Investigation? It is an investigation conducted by the probation officer before the probation-
applicant may be placed in probation for the determination by the court that the ends of justice and the best interest
of the public as well as that of the defendant will be served thereby. What is the period for submission of
Investigation Report? The Probation Officer shall submit to the court the investigation report on a defendant not
later than 60 days from receipt of the order of said court to conduct investigation.

Slide 54:
What are the criteria for placing an offender on probation? 1. The court shall consider (1) all information relative to
the following: character, antecedents, environment, mental, and physical 2. condition of the offender, and (2)
available institutional and community resources.

Slide 55:
When probation shall be denied? - Probation shall be denied if the court finds that: the offender is in need of
correctional treatment that can be provided most effectively by his commitment to an institution; or there is an
undue risk that during the period of probation, the offender will commit another crime; or probation will depreciate
the seriousness of the offense committed. The grant or denial of an application for probation does not rest solely on
the offender’s potentiality to reform but also on the observance of demands of justice and public interest. (Tolentino
vs. Alconcel, 121 SCRA 92)

Slide 56:
Who are the offenders disqualified from being placed on probation? Those sentenced to serve a maximum term of
imprisonment of more than six years; Those convicted of subversion or any crime against the national security or
public order; Those convicted who were previously convicted by final judgment of an offense punished by
imprisonment of not less than one month and one day and / or a fine not more than two hundred pesos; Those who
have been once on probation under the provisions of the Decree; and Those who are already serving sentence at the
time the substantive provisions of the Decree became applicable pursuant to Section 33 thereof.

Slide 57:
What are the conditions of probation? - Every probation order issued by the court shall contain conditions requiring
the probationer to: present himself to the probation officer designated to undertake his supervision at such place as
may be specified in the order within 72 hours from receipt of the order; report to the probation officer at least once a
month at such time and place as specified by said officer. Even if a convicted person falls within the classes of those
qualified for probation, the grant of probation is not automatic or ministerial. Probation is a privilege and its grant
rests upon the discretion of the court. The discretion is exercised primarily for the benefit of society as a whole and
only secondarily for the personal advantage of the accused. (Amandy vs, People, 161 SCRA 436, 443)

Slide 58:
What is the effect of probation on accessory penalties? Accessory penalties are deemed suspended once probation is
granted. (Baclayon vs. Mutia) What is the effect of violation of probation order? Upon the failure of the probationer
to comply with any of the conditions prescribed in the order, or upon his commission of another offense, he shall
serve the penalty imposed for the offense under which he was placed on probation.

Slide 59:
For how long may a convict be placed on probation? If the convict is sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not
more than one year, the period of probation shall not exceed two years. In all other cases, if he is sentenced to more
than one year, said period shall not exceed six years. When the sentence imposes a fine only and the offender is
made to serve subsidiary imprisonment, the period of probation shall be twice the total number of days of subsidiary
imprisonment.
Slide 60:
When may a probationer be arrested, and what is the disposition once he is arrested? The violation of the conditions
of probation must be serious to justify the issuance of a warrant of arrest. The defendant may be admitted to bail
pending hearing. The hearing is summary in nature, but the probationer shall have the right to be informed of the
violation charged and to adduce evidence in his favor. Court is not bound by the technical rules of evidence. If the
violation is established, the court may revoke or continue his probation and modify the conditions thereof. If
revoked, the court shall order the probationer to serve the sentence originally imposed. The order revoking the grant
of probation or modifying the term and conditions thereof is not appealable. (Circumlocutory Order)

Slide 61:
The three-fold purposes of PD 968: Promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with
individualized treatment; Provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender, which might be less
probable if he were to serve a prison sentence; and Prevent the commission of offenses. Probation affects only the
criminal aspect of the case but not included the civil. Hence, civil case should be heard. (Budlong vs. Apalisok, 122
SCRA 935)

Slide 62:
When and how penalty is to be executed? No penalty shall be executed except by virtue of a final judgment. A
penalty shall not be executed in any other form than that prescribed by law, nor with any other circumstances or
incident than those expressly authorized thereby. (Art. 78, RPC)

Slide 63:
What is PD 603 as amended by RA 9344? The Child and Youth Welfare Code. What is RA 9344? An act
establishing a comprehensive Juvenile Justice and Welfare System.

Slide 64:
When death sentence shall be suspended? - Death sentence shall be suspended when the accused is: Woman, while
pregnant; Woman, within one year after delivery; Person over 70 years of age. The suspension of the execution of
the sentence as regards a person over 70 years old is necessary to give the President time to act, because only the
President can communicate the sentence.

Slide 65:
Who may witness death execution? priest assisting the offender, offender’s lawyers, offender’s relatives, not
exceeding six, if so requested, physician, and necessary personnel of penal establishment.

Slide 66:
What is Executive Clemency? It refers to Commutation of Sentence, Absolute and Conditional Pardon, with or
without parole conditions, as may be granted by the President of the Philippines upon the recommendation of the
Board of Pardon and Parole.

Slide 67:
When criminal liability is totally extinguished? By the death of the convict; By service of the sentence; By amnesty,
which completely extinguishes the penalty and all its effects; By absolute pardon By prescription of the crime; By
prescription of the penalty; By the marriage of the offended woman, as provided in Art. 344 of this Code. Extinction
of criminal liability does not automatically extinguish the civil liability. (Petralba vs. Sandiganbayan, 200 SCRA
644)

Slide 68:
What is amnesty? It is an act of the sovereign power granting oblivion or a general pardon for a past offense, and is
rarely, if ever, exercised in favor of a single individual, and is usually exerted in behalf of certain classes of persons,
who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted. (Brown vs. Walker, 161 US 602) What is pardon? It is an
act of grace proceeding from the power entrusted with the execution of the laws which exempts the individual on
whom it is bestowed from the punishment the law inflicts for the crime he has committed. Two kinds of pardon; (a)
Absolute (b) Conditional

Slide 69:
Prescription of Crimes – the loss or forfeiture of the power of the State to prosecute offenses after the lapse of the
period prescribed by law. Prescription of Penalty – the loss or forfeiture of the power of the State to impose
punishment after the lapse of the period prescribed by law.

Slide 70:
When crime is prescribed? Crimes punishable by death, reclusion perpetua or temporal shall prescribe in 20 years.
Crimes punishable by other afflictive penalties shall prescribe in 15 years. Those punishable by a correctional
penalty shall prescribe in 10 years; with exception of those punishable by arresto mayor, which shall prescribe in 5
years. The Crime of libel or other similar offenses shall prescribe in 1 year. The offenses of oral defamation and
slander by deed shall prescribe in 6 moths. Light offenses prescribe in 2 months.
Slide 71:
When and how penalties prescribe? - the penalties imposed by final sentence prescribe as follows: Death and
reclusion perpetua, in 20 years; Other afflictive penalties, in 15 years; Correctional penalties, in 10 years, with the
exception of the penalty of arresto mayor, which prescribes in 5 years. Light penalties, in 1 year.

Slide 72:
When criminal liability is partially extinguished? By conditional pardon; By commutation of the sentence; and For
good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is serving sentence.

Slide 73:
What is commutation of sentence? It is a change of the decision of the court made by the Chief Executive by
reducing the degree of the penalty inflicted upon the convict, or by decreasing the length of the imprisonment or the
amount of the fine. What is parole? It is the suspension of the sentence of a convict after serving the minimum term
of the indeterminate penalty, without granting a pardon, prescribing the terms upon which the sentence shall be
suspended.

Slide 74:
What are the benefits of a prisoner for good conduct? - The good conduct of any prisoner in any penal institution
shall entitle him to the following deductions from the period of his sentence: During the first 2 years of
imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of five days for each month of good behavior; During the third to the
fifth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of eight days for each month of good
behavior; During the following years until the tenth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a
deduction of ten days for each month of good behavior; and During the eleventh and successive years of his
imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of 15 days for each month of good behavior. - Note: No allowance
for good conduct while prisoner is released under conditional pardon.

Slide 75:
What is special time allowance for loyalty of prisoner? It is a deduction of 1/5 of the period of the sentence of a
prisoner of whom, having evaded the service of his sentence during the calamity or catastrophe mentioned in Art.
158, gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of the proclamation by the President
announcing the passing away of the calamity or catastrophe. The deduction of 1/5 is based on the original sentence.

Slide 76:
Who grants time allowance? Whenever lawfully justified, the Director of Prisons shall grant allowances for good
conduct. Such allowances once granted shall not be revoked. (Art. 99, RPC) Every person criminally liable for a
felony is also civilly liable. (Art. 100, RPC)

Slide 77:
Two classifications of injuries causes of an offense: Social injury, produced by the disturbance and alarm which are
the outcome of the offense. Personal injury, caused to the victim of the crime who may have suffered damage, either
to his person, to his property, to his honor, or to her chastity.

Slide 78:
Prejudicial question is an exception to the rule that the criminal action shall be decided first and that the civil action
should be suspended. What is prejudicial question? It is a question is one which arises in a case, the resolution of
which is a logical antecedent of the issue involved in said case, and the cognizance of which pertains to another
tribunal.

Slide 79:
What are the elements of Prejudicial Question? The civil action involves an issue similar or intimately related to the
issue raised in the criminal action; and The resolution of such issue determines whether or not the criminal action
may proceed. Sec. 5, Rule 111, Rules of Court)

Slide 80:
What is included in civil liability? Restitution – in theft, the culprit is duty-bound to return the property stolen;
Reparation of damage caused – in case of inability to return the property stolen, the culprit must pay the value of the
property stolen; Indemnification for consequential damages – the loss of his salary or earning.

Slide 81:
When civil liability is extinguished? By payment or performance; By the loss of the thing due; By the condonation
or remission of the debt; By the confusion or merger of the rights of creditor and debtor; By compensation; By
novation.

Slide 82:
When civil liability may arise? Crime, Breach of Contract (culpa contractual), or Tortious act (culpa aquiliana).
WHAT IS PAROLE?
It is the release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of his indeterminate sentence.
WHO CANNOT BE GRANTED PAROLE?
Generally, those sentenced to a term of imprisonment of one (1) year or less, or to a straight penalty, or to a prison
sentence without a minimum term of imprisonment.
WHO MAY GRANT PAROLE TO A PRISONER?
The Board of Pardons and Parole, an agency under the Department of Justice.
WHEN MAY A PRISONER BE GRANTED PAROLE?
Whenever the Board of Pardons and Parole finds that there is a reasonable probability that, if released, the prisoner
will be law-abiding and that his release will not be incompatible with the interest and welfare of society and when a
prisoner has already served the minimum penalty of his/her indeterminate sentence of imprisonment.
WHAT HAPPENS IF A PAROLEE VIOLATES THE CONDITIONS OF HIS PAROLE?
He shall be rearrested and recommitted or returned to prison to serve the unexpired portion of the maximum period
of his sentence.
WHAT IS EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY?
It refers to the Commutation of Sentence, Conditional Pardon and Absolute Pardon maybe granted by the president
upon recommendation of the Board.
WHAT IS COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE?
It is the reduction of the period of a prison sentence.
WHAT IS CONDITIONAL PARDON?
It is the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for the punishment imposed by a court.
WHAT IS ABSOLUTE PARDON?
It is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the individual to whom it is granted without any condition
whatsoever resulting to the full restoration of his civil rights.
WHO MAY FILE A PETITION FOR CONDITIONAL PARDON?
A prisoner who has served at least one-half (1/2) of the maximum of the original indeterminate and/or definite
prison term.
WHO MAY GRANT COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE AND PARDON?
The President of the Philippines.
WHO MAY FILE A PETITION FOR COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE?
The Board may review the petition of a prisoner for commutation of sentence if he/she meets the following
minimum requirements:
Ø At least one half (1/2) of the minimum of his indeterminate and/or definite prison term or the aggregate minimum
of his determinate and/or prison terms;
Ø At least ten (10) years for prisoners sentenced to one (1) reclusion perpetua or one (1) life imprisonment, for
crimes/offenses not punishable under Republic Act 7659 and other special laws;
Ø At least twelve (12) years, for prisoners whose sentences were adjusted to forty (40) years in accordance with the
provisions of Article 70 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended;
Ø At least fifteen (15) years for prisoners convicted of heinous crimes as defined in Republic Act No. 7659
committed on or after January 1, 1994 and sentenced to one (1) reclusion perpetua or one (1) life imprisonment;
Ø At least seventeen (17) years for prisoners sentenced to two (2) or more reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment
even if their sentences were adjusted to forty (40) years in accordance with the provision of Article 70 of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended;
Ø At least twenty (20) years, for those sentenced to death which was automatically commuted or reduced to
reclusion perpetua.
WHO MAY FILE A PETITION FOR ABSOLUTE PARDON?
One may file a petition for absolute pardon if he had served his maximum sentence or granted final release and
discharge or court termination of probation.
IS A PRISONER WHO IS RELEASED ON PAROLE OR CONDITIONAL PARDON WITH PAROLE
CONDITIONS PLACED UNDER SUPERVISION?
Yes, the prisoner is placed under the supervision of a Probation and Parole Officer.
WHAT IS PAROLE?
It is the release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of his indeterminate sentence.
WHO CANNOT BE GRANTED PAROLE?
Generally, those sentenced to a term of imprisonment of one (1) year or less, or to a straight penalty, or to a prison
sentence without a minimum term of imprisonment.
WHO MAY GRANT PAROLE TO A PRISONER?
The Board of Pardons and Parole, an agency under the Department of Justice.
WHEN MAY A PRISONER BE GRANTED PAROLE?
Whenever the Board of Pardons and Parole finds that there is a reasonable probability that, if released, the prisoner
will be law-abiding and that his release will not be incompatible with the interest and welfare of society and when a
prisoner has already served the minimum penalty of his/her indeterminate sentence of imprisonment.
WHAT HAPPENS IF A PAROLEE VIOLATES THE CONDITIONS OF HIS PAROLE?
He shall be rearrested and recommitted or returned to prison to serve the unexpired portion of the maximum period
of his sentence.
WHAT IS EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY?
It refers to the Commutation of Sentence, Conditional Pardon and Absolute Pardon maybe granted by the president
upon recommendation of the Board.
WHAT IS COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE?
It is the reduction of the period of a prison sentence.
WHAT IS CONDITIONAL PARDON?
It is the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for the punishment imposed by a court.
WHAT IS ABSOLUTE PARDON?
It is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the individual to whom it is granted without any condition
whatsoever resulting to the full restoration of his civil rights.
WHO MAY FILE A PETITION FOR CONDITIONAL PARDON?
A prisoner who has served at least one-half (1/2) of the maximum of the original indeterminate and/or definite
prison term.
WHO MAY GRANT COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE AND PARDON?
The President of the Philippines.
WHO MAY FILE A PETITION FOR COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE?
The Board may review the petition of a prisoner for commutation of sentence if he/she meets the following
minimum requirements:
Ø At least one half (1/2) of the minimum of his indeterminate and/or definite prison term or the aggregate minimum
of his determinate and/or prison terms;
Ø At least ten (10) years for prisoners sentenced to one (1) reclusion perpetua or one (1) life imprisonment, for
crimes/offenses not punishable under Republic Act 7659 and other special laws;
Ø At least twelve (12) years, for prisoners whose sentences were adjusted to forty (40) years in accordance with the
provisions of Article 70 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended;
Ø At least fifteen (15) years for prisoners convicted of heinous crimes as defined in Republic Act No. 7659
committed on or after January 1, 1994 and sentenced to one (1) reclusion perpetua or one (1) life imprisonment;
Ø At least seventeen (17) years for prisoners sentenced to two (2) or more reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment
even if their sentences were adjusted to forty (40) years in accordance with the provision of Article 70 of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended;
Ø At least twenty (20) years, for those sentenced to death which was automatically commuted or reduced to
reclusion perpetua.
WHO MAY FILE A PETITION FOR ABSOLUTE PARDON?
One may file a petition for absolute pardon if he had served his maximum sentence or granted final release and
discharge or court termination of probation.
IS A PRISONER WHO IS RELEASED ON PAROLE OR CONDITIONAL PARDON WITH PAROLE
CONDITIONS PLACED UNDER SUPERVISION?
Yes, the prisoner is placed under the supervision of a Probation and Parole Officer.