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Reed Bed System FINAL

Reed beds are gravel-filled beds planted with reeds that treat wastewater through the reeds' root systems. Wastewater is passed through the root zone where it undergoes treatment by evaporation, transpiration, and filtration. There are three main types of reed bed systems - horizontal flow, vertical flow, and down-flow systems. Reed beds effectively treat wastewater from rural, industrial, and residential sources in a low-cost, low-maintenance, and sustainable way. However, reed beds only remain effective for 7-10 years and require regular maintenance to function properly.

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Hardik Kashyap Vepari
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309 views12 pages

Reed Bed System FINAL

Reed beds are gravel-filled beds planted with reeds that treat wastewater through the reeds' root systems. Wastewater is passed through the root zone where it undergoes treatment by evaporation, transpiration, and filtration. There are three main types of reed bed systems - horizontal flow, vertical flow, and down-flow systems. Reed beds effectively treat wastewater from rural, industrial, and residential sources in a low-cost, low-maintenance, and sustainable way. However, reed beds only remain effective for 7-10 years and require regular maintenance to function properly.

Uploaded by

Hardik Kashyap Vepari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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REED BED

SYSTEM
EVS
PRESENTERS :
041 – ASHLESHA KARALE
042 – RITUJA KARMAKAR
043 – MANASVI KAWA
044 – HASAN KHAN
045 – PRIYANKA KHEDKAR
047 – TAHIR KHOKAR
048 – YASH KORIA
049 – MEETI KOTHARI
050 – SHRAVANI KURHADE
•INTRODUCTION:
•REED BEDS ARE GRAVEL FILLED, CONTAINED, SHALLOW
BEDS, PLANTED WITH PLANTS [e.g. reeds], AND
SPECIALLY DESIGN TO TREAT WASTEWATER INCLUDING
SEWAGE, AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL AND ROAD
WASTEWATERS.

•WASTEWATER, BLACK OR GREY, IS PASSED THROUGH


THE ROOT ZONE OF THE REEDS WHERE IT UNDERGOES
TREATMENT.

•PRIMARY TREATED EFFLUENT FROM THE HOUSE IS


INITIALLY FILTERED PRIOR TO ENTERING THE REED BED
THROUGH AN EFFLUENT FILTER FITTED TO THE GREY-
WATER COLLECTION TANK OR SEPTIC TANK OUTLET
PIPE THEN IT IS PASSES THROUGH REED BED SYSTEM.
•WORKING OF REED BEDS:
•FUNCTIONS :
•THE PHRAGMITE IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD FLOWERING PLANTS IN THE WORLD. IT IS A TOUGH
ADAPTABLE PLANT, WHICH CAN GROW IN POLLUTED WATERS AND FIND SUSTENANCE IN SLUDGE.

•REED BEDS PERFORM THREE BASIC FUNCTIONS:


[1] DEWAGE THE SLUDGE:- DEWATERING IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH EVAPORATION [AS IN A NORMAL SLIDGE
DRYING BED OPERATION]
[2] TRANSFORM IT INTO MINERAL AND HUMUS LIKE COMPONENTS:- TRANSPIRATION THROUGH THE PLANTS
ROOTS SYSTEM, AND LEAF STRUCTURE.
[3] STORE SLUDGE FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS:- FILTRATION THROUGH THE BED’S SAND AND GRAVEL LAYERS AND
THE PLANT’S ROOT SYSTEM.
•APPLICATIONS
•THE REED BED SYSTEM IS EFFECTIVE IN TREATING EFFLUENT FROM:
•RURAL AREAS
•FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
•BREWERIES
•ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
•SEWAGE FROM RESIDENTIAL,
INSTITUTIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES.
•CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.

•BENEFITS:
- A SINGLE REED BED SYSTEM IS ABLE TO TREAT EFFLUENTS FROM A NUMBER OF SOURCES.

- IT OFFERES A LOW COST, LOW MAINTENANCE AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION TO EFFLUENT PROBLEMS.

-THE OPERATIONAL COST OF THIS MODE IS ALSO LESS, AS NO TRAINED STAFFS IS REQUIRED FOR ITS
OPERATION.

- THE TREATED EFFLUENT CAN BE SAFELY USED FOR IRRIGATION AND THE CROPS GROWN HAVEHIGHER
YIELD AND DO NOT CREATE ANY HEALTH PROBLEM.
•TYPES OF REED BED:
THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SYSTEMS THAT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED DURING THE PAST YEARS FOR TREATING WASTE WATER
AND SEWAGE EFFLUENT.
1. HORIZONTAL FLOW REED – BEDS
2. VERTICAL FLOW REED - BEDS
3. DOWN – FLOW REED - BEDS
•HORIZONTAL FLOW REED – BEDS :
•THE EFFLUENT ENTERS AT ONE END AND TRAVELS HORIZONTALLY THROUGH THE REEDS ROOT ZONE, BEFORE BEING DISCHARGED
ON THE FAR SIDE OF THE BED.
• HORIZONTAL FLOW SYSTEMS ONLY WORK WHEN THE EFFLUENT IS OF LOW STRENGTH.
•THEY ARE NOT TO BE USED TO TREAT SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT, AS THIS IS TOO STRONG.
•THEY ARE ALSO OF NO REAL USE FOR REDUCING AMMONIA LEVELS, BUT THEY CAN REDUCE THE LEVEL OF BOD (BIOCHEMICAL
OXYGEN DEMAND) AND SS ( SUSPENDED SOLIDS) IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT.
•IT SHOULD ONLY BE CONSIDERED FOR TERTIARY TREATMENT AFTER A FULL SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT.
•VERTICAL FLOW REED – BEDS:
•VERTICAL FLOW SYSTEMS ARE MORE EFFICIENT THAN HORIZONTAL FLOW REED – BEDS AND CAN HANDLE
STRONGER STRENGTH EFFLUENT.
•THEY CAN REDUCE AMMONIA AS WELL AS BOD (BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) AND SS (SUSPENDED
SOLIDS).
•IT IS USUAL FOR THERE TO BE TWO REED – BEDS INSTALLED, ONE AFTER THE OTHER DOWN THE SLOPE OF
THE SITE.
•VERTICAL FLOW ONES CAN BE USED TO TREAT SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT.
•DOWN FLOW REED – BEDS :
•MULTI STAGE REED – BED SYSTEMS, INCORPORATING TWO STAGES OF VERTICAL FLOW.
•THEY WORK ON A ‘FILL AND DRAIN’ SYSTEM, WHERE ONE BED FILLS OVER 12 HOURS WHILE THE OTHER ONE
DRAINS AND VICE VERSA.
•THE IDEA IS THAT AS THE EFFLUENT DRAINS OUT OF THE GRAVEL, AIR IS PULLED IN AND HELPS TO FORM AN
AEROBIC BACTERIAL COLONY ON THE GRAVEL SURFACE TO DIGEST THE POLLUTANTS.
•THESE SYSTEMS INVARIABLY REQUIRE THE USE OF ELECTRIC PUMPS, TIMERS AND CONTROL PANELS AS THE
EFFLUENT IS SWITCHED FROM ONE BED TO THE OTHER EVERY 12 HOURS.
•DOWN FLOW REED – BEDS ARE NORMALLY USED FOR TREATING SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENTS.
•FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURIFICATION PROCESS OF REED BEDS
 LIFE OF REED BEDS- REED BEDS ARE A SHORT-TERM FIX. THEY ARE A RELATIVELY NEW CONCEPT, AND
EVEN IF CORRECTLY PLANNED AND MAINTAINED, REED BEDS USED AS A LAST POLISHING FILTER AFTER A
FULL TREATMENT PLANT WILL ONLY BE FUNCTIONAL FOR UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 7 TO 10 YEARS.
 POWER REQUIREMENT AND SYSTEM COSTS - WHEN BUILDING A REED BED SYSTEM, IT IS USUALLY
IMPOSSIBLE TO AVOID THE NEED FOR ELECTRICAL POWER UNLESS THE SITE HAS A REASONABLE
GRADIENT. REED BED SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT ARE A VERY LOW-COST TREATMENT
METHOD, WITH ONLY A SMALL INITIAL AND ONGOING COST FOR BUILDING AND OPERATION.

•MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT OF THE SYSTEM:


-REED BED SYSTEMS ARE NOT LOW-MAINTENANCE, AND THEY REQUIRE A REGULAR MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE TO
KEEP THEM FUNCTIONING CORRECTLY.
-THE OWNER WILL ALSO NEED MANY TREATMENTS PER YEAR TO PREVENT LEPTOSPIROSIS, HEPATITIS, AND OTHER
DISEASES, THUS NEEDLE PHOBIA IS A PROBLEM
•THE ROLE OF PLANTS
-THE PLANT SPECIES UTILIZED ARE PHRAGMITE SPECIES INCLUDING PHRAGMITE KARKA AND TYPHA
ANGUSTUS.
-THE ROOTS OF AQUATIC PLANTS BRING ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN INTO THE SOIL, ALLOWING A DIVERSE
RANGE OF MICROORGANISMS TO DEVELOP AROUND THE PLANT ROOTS. IT IS REQUIRED FOR THE EFFICIENT
BREAKDOWN OF A VARIETY OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCES.
-THE PLANTS CAN ABSORB A CERTAIN QUANTITY OF NUTRIENTS FROM THE WASTEWATER ITSELF.

 THE MAIN FACTORS THAT TYPIFY THE TREATMENT


CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCE THE PURIFICATION PROCESS
OF REED BED TREATMENT SYSTEMS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
- HYDRAULIC LOADING RATE (M³/[HA X D]) AND HYDRAULIC DETENTION TIME(D)
- TEMPERATURE
- INFLUENT POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION
- OXYGEN SUPPLY
- DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF THE REED ECOSYSTEM (THIS SEQUENCE IS IN RANDOM ORDER, NOT ACCORDING TO
QUANTITATIVE IMPORTANCE).
•FEATURES OF THE REED BED SYSTEM:

THE BASIC FEATURES OF REED BED TECHNOLOGY ARE GIVEN BELOW:-

•OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FREE


•CAN HANDLE DIFFICULT EFFLUENTS
•SELF-SUSTAINING
•ADAPTABILITY
•CLEAN AND COST EFFICIENT
•NO MOVING PARTS
•NO ELECTRICITY WASTAGE FOR AERATION
•REJUVENATES ECOSYSTEM
• CONCLUSION:
• Reed bed treatment systems have been successfully used for treating a
wide range of wastewater concentrations.
• The main benefits of the reed bed treatment system is it offers a low
cost, low maintenance and sustainable solution to effluent problems.

•BIBLIOGRAPHY:
•https://www.slideshare.net/FaisalAhmedBappi/the-use-of-reed-beds-for-the-treatment-of-
sewage-and-wastewater
•https://www.slideshare.net/sonymadaan/reed-bed-technology
•https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diagram-of-Rugeley-downflow-reed-bed-treatment-
system-1-Feed-tank-2-First-stage_fig1_229296149

THANKYOU

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