“LOS ANDES”

PROFFESIONAL DRIVING SCHOOL

ENGLISH MODULE

1
 INTRODUCTION.

The book aims at providing students foreign language knowledge and the skills
needed to succeed in today’s globalized word. English is an International Language that will
allow them to access knowledge and information. This book helps students understand and
practice English grammar. The primary aim of the course is to engage students to build
confidence in their abilities to speak and write. English language is a tool that opens many
windows to the world, unlock doors to different opportunities, and expand their mind to learn
about need cultures.
OBJETIVE.

Help the student to know and learn the grammatical rules and general basic knowledge
applicable to the introduction to the English language, in this way to understand and express
themselves clearly in the English language.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE.

THE ALPHABET

1. Listen and repeat the Alphabet.

THE NUMBERS

2. Listen and repeat the Numbers.

0 ZERO (OU)
1 ONE 17 SEVENTEEN
2 TWO 18 EIGHTEEN
3 THREE 19 NINETEEN
4 FOUR 20 TWENTY
5 FIVE 30 THIRTY
6 SIX 40 FORTY
7 SEVEN 50 FIFTY
8 EIGHT 60 SIXTY
9 NINE 70 SEVENTY
10 TEN 80 EIGHTY
11 ELEVEN 90 NINETY
12 TWELVE 100 ONE HUNDRED
13 THIRTEEN 1.000 ONE THOUSAND
14 FOURTEEN 1.000.000 ONE MILLON
15 FIFTEEN
16 SIXTEEN

2
For the formation of the numbers we link the hundreds, the thousands or the millions with the
word "and" for the tens and units.

Number Pronunciation
314 Three hundred and fourteen
845 Eight hundred and forty five
7 293 Seven thousand two hundred and ninety three
950 610 Nine hundred and fifty thousand six hundred and ten
10 000 Ten million and seventy one
071

MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK

3. Listen and repeat the following vocabulary.

Month Month Day Abbreviation
January August Monday Mon
February September Tuesday Tue
March October Wednesday Wed
April November Thursday Thu
May December Friday Fri
June - Saturday Sat
July - Sunday Sun

GREETINGS AND LEAVINGS

4. Listen and repeat the following vocabulary.

GREATINGS Saludos
Hello Hola (formal)
Hi Hola (informal)
How are you? ¿Cómo está usted?
Good morning Buenos días
Good Afternoon Buenas tardes
Good evening Buenas noches
How´s it going? Como les va

LEAVINGS Despedidas
Good –bye Chao (formal)
Bye Chao (informal)
See you Nos vemos
Nice to meet you gusto en conocerte
Have a good evening Tenga una bonita noche
Good night Buenas noches
See you later. Nos vemos más tarde
Have a nice day Tenga un bonito día

3
THE FAMILY

Members of the Family Translation

Military Grand Father Abuelo
Marine Grand Mother Abuela
Seller Grand Parents Abuelos
Worker Father Padre
Carpenter Mother Madre
Industrial Technician Parents Padres
Graphic Designer Husband Esposo

THE PROFESSIONS

Lawyer Military
Doctor Marine
Electrical TechniciaSeller
Farmer Worker
Driver Carpenter
Truck Driver Industrial Technician
Taxi Driver Graphic Designer
Bus Driver Secretary
Chef Nurse
Cosmetologist Singer
System Engineer Boxer
Electrical Engineer Fireman
Civil Engineer Swimmer
Industrial Engineer Walter
Mechanical EngineeManager
Architect Office Worker
Housewife Student
Recepcionist Artist
Teacher Footballer
Merchant Painter
Pilot Postman

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

5. Listen and repeat the following vocabulary about Countries and Nationalities.

COUNTRY NATIONALITIES PRONUNCIATION

ARGENTINA ARGENTINE aryentína, aryentín
BOLIVIA  BOLIVIAN  bolí:via, bolí:vian
BRAZIL BRAZILIAN  bresíl, bresílian
CHILE CHILEAN  chíle, chiléan
4
 CHINA CHINESE  cháina, chainí:s
COLOMBIA  COLOMBIAN kolómbia, kolómbian
CUBA  CUBAN kiúba, kiúban
THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DOMINICAN domínikan
ECUADOR ECUADORIAN ekuádo:r, ekuadórian
URUGUAY  URUGUAYAN iúru-guái, iuru-guáian
THE UNITED STATES  AMERICAN amérikan
VENEZUELA VENEZUELAN  venesuéla, venesuélan
SPAIN SPANISH, spéin, spánish,

WAYS TO START A CONVERSATION

6. Listen and repeat the following conversation.

What is your name? ¿Cómo te llamas?

My name is Peter Mi nombre es Peter
How are you? ¿Cómo está Ud?
Fine, Thank you Bien Gracias
And you? ¿Y tu?
I am fine, thanks Estoy bien gracias
I am not well No estoy bien
How old are you? Cuántos años tienes
I am 25 years old Tengo 25 años de edad
Where are you from? ¿De dónde eres?
I am from Ecuador Soy de Ecuador
What is your nationality? ¿Cuál es su nacionalidad?
I am Ecuadorian Soy Ecuatoriano
where were you born? Donde Naciste
I was born in Quito Yo nací en Quito
What is your profession? ¿Cuál es su profesión?
I am a student Yo soy un estudiante
What do you do on your free time? ¿Qué haces en tus tiempos libres?
I go to the movies Yo voy al cine
What is your phone number? ¿Cuál es su número de teléfono
My telephone number is 376524 Mi número telefónico es 376524

Look at the next example. Then complete with your own information
1. - What is your name? My name is Juzabeth.
2. - How old are you? I am fifteen-year-old.
3. - Where do you live? I live in Sau Paulo.
4. - How are you? I am very well, thank you.
5. - What do you do? I am a Law student.
6. - Where are you from? I am from Brazil.
7. – What is your nationality? I am Brazilian

5
 Answer these question:
1. - What is your name? …………………………………….
2. - How old are you? …………………………………….
3. - Where do you live? …………………………………….
4. - How are you? …………………………………….
5. - What do you do? …………………………………….
6. - Where are you from? …………………………………….
7. - What is your nationality? …………………………………….

Work in pairs, Practice with your partner the previous conversation using your
personal information.

Writing Section

7. Complete the next table following the pattern. Use the information about your
family.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__

Reading Section.

8. Read the following text and answer the questions about it.
RUBENS BARRICHELO
Rubens Barrichelo is from Sao Paulo, Brazil. He lives in Monaco, in Europe. Barrichello is a
Formula 1 race car driver. When he is not busy, Barrichelo goes to movies with his wife.
They like action movies. He also loves sports. He likes golf, running and tennis. He likes
rock music and Brazilian pop. Barrichello’s favorite kind of food is Italian food. He loves
spaghetti. His favorite drink is soda. He dislikes paparazzi.

1. Where is he from?
_________________________________________

2. What is his favorite kind of music?

_________________________________________

3. What is his favorite kind of food?

_________________________________________

6
 UNIT 1 - THE PRONOUNS

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
The personal pronoun is used to replace the noun

1st Person singular I Yo

2nd Person singular You Tú
3rd Person singular He Él
3rd Person singular She Ella
3rd Person singular It Esto
1ra Person plural We Nosotros(a)
2nd Person plural You Vosotros(a) - Ustedes
3rd Person plural They Ellos(a) Aquellos(a)

1. Write the corresponding personal pronoun.

1. The mountains 09. Those erasers
2. Mr. Naranjo 10. Ana and me
3. Ecuador 11. The cat
4. The students 12. Cuenca
5. That Ruler 13. An idea
6. These monkeys 14. The English book
7. The children 15. Tomato
8. Miss. Mendoza 16. Peter

2. Complete these sentences with the corresponding personal pronoun.

1. Bolivia is one of the Andean countries. ….. is in the south-west of South America.
2. Those people are not English. ………are Australian.
3. My brother is very tall. …..is policeman.
4. How old are you? .........am twenty five years old.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns in English with: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs. They
indicate possession and are invariable. They are never preceded by an article.

Singular/Plural Personal Adjective Possessive Translation

Pronouns Pronouns
1st Person singular I My Mine Mi
2nd Person singular You Your Yours Su de Ud.
3rd Person singular He His His Su de Él
3rd Person singular She Her Hers Su de Ella
3rd Person singular It Its Its Su de Esto
1ra Person plural We Our Ours Nuestro(a)
2nd Person plural You Your Yours Vuestro(a)
3rd Person plural They Their Theirs Su de Ellos

7
Here is your book. Where is mine? Is That car yours?
A friend of his Their house is similar to ours?

UNIT 2 - THE ADJECTIVES

The adjective is a word that expresses or describes some quality of the person, place
or thing designated by him or determines how many and which of the designated refers.

QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES

In English the qualifying adjective only has one form for masculine, feminine,
singular and plural. Describe the character or condition of the name to which it refers. This
adjective is placed in front of the names or behind the verbs to be; look appear, seem.

Example: Pretty, Bad, Good, Tall, Fat, Short, Expensive, Dark, Light, Interesting, Nice,
Rich, Poor, Happy, Sad, Small, Big, Careful, Important, Wonderful, Intelligent, Beautiful,
Little, Far.

An expensive book
A pretty girl
You look ill
Susan is pretty
A big house
DEMONSTRATIVES ADJECTIVES

The demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate in a specific way a person, animal or thing.

SINGULAR: PLURAL:
NEAR: cerca THIS: este, esto, esta. THESE: estos, estas.
FAR: lejos THAT: ese, eso, esa. THOSE: aquellos, aquellas

These are camels (near)

That is a car (far)
This is a bag (near)
Those are pencils (far)

1. Write the correct demonstrative adjective taking the condition in parentheses as a

reference.

1. …….. is a map (far) 4. ……… are my friends (near)

2. ………are chalks. (near) 5. ..……. is an old ha (far)
3. ……. is Jenny. (far) 6. ………. are televisions (far)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
The possessive adjective always accompanies the name and agrees with the possessor and
never with the possessed. Possessive adjectives are used with body parts and in front of
garments.

8
 Personal Possessive Translation
Pronouns Adjectives
I My mi, mis.
You Your Tu, tus.
He His Su, sus (de él).
She Her Su, sus (de ella).
It Its Su, sus (Poseedor Neutro).
We Our Nuestro(a), Nuestros(as).
You Your Vuestro(a), Vuestros(as).
They Their Su, sus (de ellos, de ellas).

I love my Family
You and your pet
Peter and his dog
Susan and her sister
The park and its lakes
We and our children
You are your friends.
The boys and their teacher
Group work Play “the name Game “Make a circle. Learn the name of your classmates.

A: My name is Robert
B: Her name is Lisa. I’m Robert
C: His name is Robert. Her name is Lisa. I’m Edit.
2. Write the correct possessive adjective.

The Boys and ………. Parents. Mary and ……. Boyfriend.

Mark hurt ……… leg. I wash ……… hair.
We put on ……... hats. You wear ……. coat.
I brush ……. Teeth. She cleans ……. House.
Peter drives ……. Car. You and I buy ……house.

UNIT 3 - THE ARTICLES

9
 THE ARTICLES

DEFINITE INDEFINITE
ARTICLE ARTICLE

THE (EL LA LOS A (UN UNO UNA) AN (UN UNO

LAS) CONSONANT UNA)
SOUND VOWEL SOUND

THE OLD DOOR A PENCIL AN ORANGE

THE SWEET ORANGE A NOTEBOOK AN APPLE

In English, there are two kinds of grammar articles.

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

"Definite" means "clear, obvious."

The definite article tells us that the noun is specific. The speaker talks about a particular (or
known) thing. The definite article in English is "the".

USE the article "the" when you talk of something specific.

Examples:
"I like the oranges from Ecuador".
"I want the red apple".

The article "the" in NOT USED when you talk in general.

"I like oranges".
"I want an apple".

10
The first time you speak of something use "a" or "an", next time you repeat that object use
"the".

"He has a son and a daughter. The daughter is a doctor".

"I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms".
"I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good".

"The" can be used before both singular and plural nouns.

Examples:

"The flower he gave her was very beautiful."

"The flowers on the table are nice."

Do NOT USE "The" before proper nouns.

Do NOT USE "The" before proper nouns of people, countries, states, counties or provinces,
lakes and mountains.
Examples:
Africa is a continent.
Ecuador is an Andean country.
Cotopaxi is a very high volcano.
Mr. Miller.

EXCEPTION
Except when the country is a collection of states, we refer to a set of Mountains or when it
refers to a family.
Examples:
"The United states of America / The USA"
"The Soviet Union / The USSR "
"The Alps ".
"The Alava Family".

Task in Class.

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE

"In-" means "not," and "definite" means "clear, obvious". "Indefinite" means "not clear, not
exact". The indefinite article tells us that the noun is not specific. The speaker talks about any
one of that type of thing. The indefinite articles in English are "a" and "an."

11
Examples:

"I need a pen."

(The speaker doesn't tell us which pen he needs. He simply needs a pen, any pen.)

"Lisa wants to see a movie."

(The speaker doesn't tell us which movie Lisa wants to see. She wants to see some movie.)
 
What is the difference between "a" and "an"?
"a" and "an" have the same meaning.
We use "a" before a consonant sound.
Examples:
a dog
a building
We use "an" before a vowel sound.
Examples:
an apple
an umbrella

Important!
We use "a" and "an" only before a singular noun. We can't use "a" and "an" before a plural
noun.
Examples:
Correct: a car.
Incorrect: a car.
Correct: an orange.
Incorrect: a oranges.

1. Write the correct article: “the, a, an” or mark an “x”.

1. ______________ Andes are in ____________________ South America.

3. You are ______________ honest man. I am ____________good student.

4. ___________ Ecuador is ______________small and nice country.

5. ____________Vegetables are important for nutrition.

6. Are you _____________ Ecuadorian or _______________Brazilian?

7. _______________Mr Miller is in _________________United States of America.

12
2. Indefinite article quiz.
Fill in the blank with the correct indefinite article: a or an.
1.     radio 11.    computer
2.     great idea 12.   noise
3.     history book 13.    utensil
4.     opera 14.    honest man
5.    umbrella 15.    euphemism
6.    aunt 16.    hair
7.    door 17.    youth
8.    exit 18.    eucalyptus tree
9.    hobby 19.    octagon
10.    hourly wage 20.    ear

UNIT 4 - THE PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
Prepositions of place, those are used to specify the place for the objects, animal or people.
on – en – sobre - encima de
under - debajo de
between - entre (dos) 
among - entre muchos 
in – en dentro
inside – adentro
outside – afuera
in front of - en frente de – al frente de    
opposite - del otro lado
behind – atrás- detrás de
next to - al lado 
at - en (lugar definitdo)
above – arriba

13
below – abajo
around – alrededor
on the right - a la derecha
on the left - a la izquierda

Fill the blanks with (in, on, at. Under, behind, in front of, between …)
1. The diskettes are…………. the box (en, dentro de)
2. Linda is …………… Virginia and Helen (entre dos)
3. Robert’s shoes are …………… the bed (debajo de)
4. Our school is ……………. the church. (detrás de)
5. The student are …………….. the teacher. (al frente de)
6. The children are………. The movies. (en, lugar definido)

Fill in the blanks with the prepositions bellow

Under - behind – on - above – in - next to – between - in front of

The cat is ……… the box The bird is ……... two boxes The cat is …...... the box

The cat is ………... the box The cat is …...... the box The bird is …..…. of the box

The cat is …..... the box The bird is …..… the box

TO
We Use “to” with verbs which show movement such as go and come.
He goes to school
She returned to the store

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND DATE.

IN
Use “in” months and years and periods of time:
in January
in 1978
in the twenties

Use “in” for seasons

it rains a lot in winter

Use “in” for Countries and cities.

14
I live in Sau Paulo
I was born in Quito

Use “in” a period of time in the future:

in a few weeks
in a couple of days

Use “in” for times of the day:

in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening.
IMPORTAN NOTE: But we say “At night”
AT
Use “at” with precise time:
at six o´clock
at 10.30
at 6:15 at night

Use “at” to specify places in a city.

I study at Luciano Pereira school
IMPORTAN NOTE: British English – at weekends

ON
Use “on” with days of the week:
on Monday
on Fridays

Use “on” with specific calendar days:

on Christmas day
on October 22nd

Fill in the gaps in this paragraph with the correct prepositions in-on-at or to.

Janet was born …… Rochester …… December 22nd ……. 3o´clock …… the morning.
Rochester is ……. the state of New York ……. the United States. Now, she goes ……
classes……. the University, she usually arrives ……. The morning ……. 8 o´clock.
…….. weekends, she likes driving …… her friend´s house ……. Canada.
Her friends live …… Toronto. She usually arrives …… 9 o´clock …. the evening and leaves
……. Sunday morning
…….. Saturday, they often meet friends …… a restaurant.
…….. night, they sometimes go ……. a disco. …… summer.
……… July for example, they often go …… the countryside.

15
 UNIT 5 - PLURAL OF NOUNS

In general, the plural of a noun is formed by adding -S to the noun.

Singular Plural
car cars
1. When the noun ends in SS, SH, CH, O or X, we add -ES to the noun.
book books
Singular Plural
bird
tomato bird s
tomatoes
pencil
brush pencil
brushess
glass glasses 2. When the noun ends in a VOWEL + Y, we add -S to the noun.
Singular boxes
Plural
box
boy boys
holiday holidays 3. When the noun ends in a CONSONANT + Y, we remove Y and add -
day days IES to the noun.
guy guys
Singular Plural
party parties
lady ladies
story stories
nanny nannies

4. If the noun ends in F or FE, we remove the F/FE and add -VES to the noun.
Singular Plural
life lives Roof roofs
leaf leaves Cliff cliffs
wolf wolves Handkerchief handkerchiefs
wife wives
5. If the noun ends in IS, we change it to ES.
EXCEPTION
Singular Plural
analysis analyses
basis bases
crisis crises

6. There are a number of nouns that don't follow these rules. They are irregular and you need
to learn them individually because they don't normally have an S on the end.
Singular Plural
man men
woman women 7. There are some nouns in English that are the same in the singular and
child children the plural.
foot feet
goose geese
mouse mice
Singular Plural
fish fish
sheep sheep
deer deer

16
moose moose
aircraft aircraft

8. Some names that end in "ics" are used in both singular and plural, but their use in the
singular is more frequent.
Singular Plural
politics politics
Ethics Ethics TASKS IN CLASS
physics physics 1. Write the plural of these words in the correct column.
Mathematics mahematics
Noun +es +s +ies
watch
pencil
boy
year
salary
dish
toy
body

2. In the crossword find the plural of these nouns.

Man - foot - baby - cat - watch - gay - goose -

person

P F I B A B I E S T
G E E S E K I L R X
V E O B H O M T W C
Z T A P Q F D L N A
Y I P H L M G P G T
U M E N T E J A S S
Q Y U S F L U L Y L
W A T C H E S G I S

UNIT 6 - SIMPLE PRESENT

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO BE (SER O ESTAR)

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

SUBJECT VERB CONTRACTED TRANSLATION

PRONOUNS TO BE FORM
I am I’m yo soy, yo estoy
You are you’re tu eres, tu estas
He is he’s él es, el esta
She is she’s ella es, ella esta
It is it’s esto es esto esta
We are we’re nosotros somos

17
You are you’re vosotros sois
they are they’re ellos son, ellos están

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE

SUBJECT + BE (am , is, are) + COMPLEMENT

I am an English teacher
She is an intelligent girl
You are a secretary
Write the correct form of the verb to be. (AM - IS - ARE)

1. Camels ……. big.

2. Asia …… a continent.
3. June and July …… months.
4. Plants …… green.
5. Ana and Carlos ……. brothers
6. My family …. in Loja.
7. Books …. interesting.
8. I …. Melva.
9. My mother …. at home.
10. You and me …… in Quito

NEGATIVE SENTENCE
To change to the negative for, you just have to add NOT after the to be verb.

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE (am, is, are) + NOT + COMPLEMENT

Circle the verb to be (am is are) and change from affirmative to negative.

Your shoes are black. Your shoes are not black.

Your shoes aren’t black.
Colombia is my country. Colombia is not my country.
Colombia isn’t my country.

1. Juana and Rosa are short. ………………………………..

2. Today is Monday. ………………………………..

3. The children are in school. ………………………………..

4. Juzabeth and Mel are present. ………………………………..

5. You and Darwin are brothers ………………………………..

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
In interrogative sentences the auxiliaries (AM, IS, ARE) we must write before subject and
find of the sentences the questions marks. We can see this structure.

18
 VERB TO BE (am, is, are ) + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT ?
Circle the verb to be (am is are) and change from affirmative to interrogative.

1. June and July are months. ………………………………..

2. Plants are green. ………………………………..
3. Ana and Carlos are brothers . ………………………………..
4. Books are interesting. ………………………………..
5. My mother is at home. ………………………………..
6. You and I are in Quito. ………………………………..
7. Animals and plants are necessary. ………………………………..
8. Fruits are delicious. ………………………………..
9. Ecuador is in South America. ………………………………..
10. Trees are important. ………………………………..

REGULAR AND IREGULAR VERBS

VERB CONJUGATION & SPELLING

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.
Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home
he / she / it speaks / learns English at home
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries

3. For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says
Task one ( apply the rules )
fly volar flies
1. copy copiar ________________________
2. cry llorar ________________________
3. carry llevar ________________________
4. dry secar ________________________
5. study estudiar ________________________
6. worry preocuparse ________________________
7. apply aplicar ________________________

19
 8. Say decir says
9. Play jugar ________________________
10. Buy comprar ________________________
11. Stay permanecer ________________________
12. match unir matches
13. wash lavar ________________________
14. watch ver ________________________
15. fish pescar ________________________

THE VERB TO DO AS AN AUXILIARY VERB

It is also common to use do, does and did as auxiliary verbs (or helping verbs) together with
another verb in its base form. This is used to create negative sentences, questions, or for
adding emphasis.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES WITH DO NOT, DOES NOT.

When creating negative sentences, we usually use shortened forms: don’t and doesn’t
together with the base form of the verb.

Is do an auxiliary or a main verb?

The verb do can be an auxiliary verb or a main verb in English.

Conjugate the fallowing verbs in simple present.

(Affirmative) (Affirmative) (Negative) (Interrogative)

TRY STUDY CRY COPY

I CRY I STUDY I DO NOT CRY DO I COPY?
YOU TRY ______________ ________________ _______________
HE TRIES ______________ ________________ _______________
SHE TRIES ______________ ________________ _______________
IT TRIES ______________ ________________ _______________
WE TRY ______________ ________________ _______________
YOU TRY ______________ ________________ _______________
THEY TRY ______________ ________________ _______________

UNIT 7 - PAST SIMPLE

REGULARS VERBS

To form the past simple tense with a regular verb we add to the infinitive verb. These are the
rules to form the simple past to regular verbs.

1) Usually we add “ed” in the end of the verb in infinitive form.

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATE

Answer answered answered contestar
ask ___________ _______________ preguntar
call ___________ _______________ llamar

20
 control ___________ _______________ controlar
clean ___________ _______________ limpiar
cook ___________ _______________ cocinar

2) If the verb finish with “e” just add “d”

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATE
Arrive arrived arrived llegar
Charge charged charged cargar
Change ___________ _______________ cargar
Close ___________ _______________ cerrar
Decide ___________ _______________ decidir

 3) If the verb finish in consonant + vowel + consonant and the vowel is accented we must
duplicate the last consonant and then add “ed”

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATE

STOP STOPPED ________________ parar
SHOP SHOPPED ________________ comprar
PLAN _____________ ________________ planear
OMIT _____________ ________________ omitir
SHIP _____________ ________________ embarcar

4) If the verb finish with consonant + y, we must change this “y” for “i” and then add “ed”
PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATE
Marry Married married casarse
cry ___________ _______________ llorar
copy ___________ _______________ copiar
dry ___________ _______________ secar
study ___________ _______________ estudiar

5) If there isn’t consonant + y, is used the general rule (add “ed”)

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATE

Enjoy enjoyed _______________ disfrutar
Stay _____________ _______________ permanecer
Play _____________ _______________ jugar

IRREGULARS VERBS
PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATE
Begin began begun empezar
break broke broken romper
buy bought bought comprar
come came come venir
cut cut cut cortar
do did done hacer
draw drew drawn dibujar
drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven manegar
eat ate eaten comer
find found found encontrar

21
 fly flew flown volar
get got gotten conseguir
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
have had had tener
hear heard heard oir
know knew known conocer
lose lost lost perder
make made made hacer
pay paid paid pagar
put put put poner
read read read leer
run ran run correr
say said said decir
see saw seen ver
sing sang sung cantar
sit sat sat sentarse
sleep slept slept dormir
speak spoke spoken hablar
stand stood stood levartar
swim swan swum nadar
take took taken tomar
tell told told decir
understand understood understood entender
wear wore wore usar
write wrote written escribir
CONJUGATE THE FOLLOWING VERBS IN SIMPLE PAST.

CRY SAY (said) FLY (flew) DRY (dried)

I CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
YOU CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
HE CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
SHE CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
IT CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
WE CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
YOU CRIED ______________ ________________ _______________
THEY CRIED ____________ ______________ _______________
AUXILIAR “DID”

Here we use did in the negative sentence as an auxiliary and do as a main verb.
Example:
What did you do yesterday?
I do my homework yesterday evening
I didn't do my homework yesterday evening
Did I do my homework yesterday evening?

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

SUBJECT + VERB PAST + COMPLEMENT.

22
 She played soccer at the park.

I went at school yesterday.

NEGATIVE FORM

SUBJECT + AUX. ( DID ) + NOT + VERB PAST + COMPLEMENT.

She did not play soccer at the park.

I did not go at school yesterday.

INTERROGATIVE FORM

AUXI. ( DID ) + SUBJECT+ VERB PAST + COMPLEMENT ?

Did she play soccer at the park?

Did I go at school yesterday?

SHORT ANSWER

YES, + SUJECT + AUX. NO, SUBJECT + AUX + NOT

Yes, she did. No, she did not

Write again these sentences
We studied English yesterday. ____________________________
We did not study English yesterday . ____________________________
Did we study English yesterday? _____________________________
Yes, we did. _____________________________
No, we did not. _____________________________
Change from affirmative to negative, interrogative and answer in simple past.
You saw Peggy yesterday.
____________________________________________________ (negative)
____________________________________________________ (interrogative)
____________________________________________________ (answer)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 ABBS Brian, BAKERChris, FREEBAIRN Ingrid with JJ Wilson. (2013). English

Level one, Pearson Longman. New York, United States of American: Editogran S.A.

 Action Global. (2007). Modern English, Grammar and exercises for intermediate and
advance levels. Quito, Ecuador. Nueva Jerusalen.

 MAURER Jay. Focus on Grammar, an integrated skills approach, third edition.

(2014). Printed in the United States of American.

 Thomas, B. and Matthews, B. (2007). Vocabulary for First Certificate.

Cambridge,United States of American.
23
 Vince. Michael. (2009). First Certificate Language Practice. Macmillan, United
States of American.

24