CHAPTER 8 / THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND 

DATA ANALYSIS 357

Exercise Set 5 (Calculator)

3
From 2009 to 2010, the total combined revenue for
Questions 1–4 refer to the following information. all stores increased by approximately
A) $50,000
ANNUAL REVENUE PER STORE
B) $200,000
1,000 C) $400,000
Revenue Per Store (Thousands of $)

D) $600,000
800
4
600 Between 2006 and 2012, what was the percent
increase in the total number of retail stores for this
400 company?
A) 45%

200 B) 50%
C) 100%

0 D) 200%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year

1
The scatterplot above shows the annual revenue Questions 5–9 refer to the following information.
for all of the individual retail stores operated by a
clothing company for each year from 2004 through UNITED STATES FEDERAL BUDGETFISCAL YEAR 2010
2012. Based on the line of best fit to the data shown,
which of the following is closest to the percent All other expenses combined 13%
increase in revenue per store from 2005 to 2012? Veterans Benefits 3.1%
Defense
Federal Pensions 3.5%
A) 50% 20%
Education 3.7%
B) 100%
Unemployment
C) 120% Social Security Compensation 4.6%
20%
D) 300% Welfare/Food Stamps 5.3%

Medicare Interest on National Debt 5.7%

13%
2 Medicaid/Child Health Insurance 8%

In 2006, the total combined revenue for all stores

was closest to
5
A) $350,000 The chart above shows the allocation of $3.5 trillion
B) $480,000 in U.S. federal expenses for 2010. What were the
C) $700,000 total 2010 expenditures on Defense?

D) $950,000 A) $700 billion

B) $70 billion
C) $7 billion
D) $700 million
358 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

6 8
What is the measure of the central angle for the How much more did the United States spend in 2010
sector representing Medicare expenses? on Interest on National Debt than on Education?
A) 13.0° A) $2 billion
B) 45.5° B) $7.0 billion
C) 46.8° C) $20 billion
D) 48.2° D) $70 billion

9
7
If 50% of the budget for Federal Pensions were to be
If Interest on National Debt expenses were to reallocated as Social Security expenses, the size of
decrease by $20 billion from their 2010 levels, the Social Security budget would increase by what
this would represent a percent decrease of percent?
approximately
A) 1.75%
A) 6%
B) 8.75%
B) 10%
C) 17.75%
C) 12%
D) 21.75%
D) 15%

Questions 10–17 refer to the following information.

PRESCHOOL BLOOD LEAD LEVELS VS. VIOLENT CRIME RATES IN THE UNITED STATES
(23-Year Lag)
Average Preschool Blood Lead (mcg/dl)

30 900

Violent Crimes per 100,000 capita

25 750

20 600
(1940−1990)

(1963−2013)

15 450

10 300

5 150

0 0
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2013
Year
Source: Rick Nevin, Lead Poisoning and the Bell Curve, 2012

10

According to the graph above, in 1970 the number

of violent crimes per 100,000 capita in the United
States was closest to
A) 25
B) 375
C) 700
D) 750
CHAPTER 8 / THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 359

11 15
In 1970 the average preschool blood lead level, in Which of the following five-year spans saw the
mcg/dL, was closest to greatest percent increase in violent crime?
A) 10 A) 1963–1968
B) 12 B) 1968–1973
C) 23 C) 1973–1978
D) 25 D) 1978–1983

12 16
The percent decline in violent crime from 1993 to Approximately how many years did it take for
2013 is closest to average preschool blood lead levels to return to
their 1950 levels?
A) 11%
B) 35% A) 25

C) 47% B) 30

D) 88% C) 35
D) 40

13
17
From 1970 to 1990, the average annual rate of
decline in preschool blood lead levels, in mcg/dL For approximately how many years between 1963
per year, was approximately and 2013 was the violent crime rate in the United
States greater than 375 crimes per 100,000 capita?
A) 1
B) 5 A) 25

C) 15 B) 30

D) 17 C) 37
D) 42

14
Which of the following 10-year spans saw the
greatest percent increase in preschool blood lead
levels?
A) 1945–1955
B) 1955–1965
C) 1965–1975
D) 1975–1985
360 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

EXERCISE SET 5 ANSWER KEY

1. C In 2005, the revenue per store, according to the

10. B The vertical axis label on the left shows that the
line of best fit, was about $300,000, and in 2012 it was
violent crime trend is indicated by the solid curve and
about $650,000, so the percent change is (650,000 −
the bottom time series (1963–2013). For this curve, 1970
300,000)/300,000 × 100% = 116.67%, which is closest to
is slightly to the left of the vertical line at 1973, which
(C) 120%.
shows values clearly between 300 and 450.

2. D In 2006, the data points show that there were 3

11. C The vertical axis label on the left shows that the
stores, with revenue of roughly $200,000, $330,000, and
preschool blood lead trend is indicated by the dashed
$420,000, for a total of $950,000.
curve and the top time series (1940–1990).

3. D In 2009, the combined revenue for the three

12. C In 1993, the violent crime rate was 750, and in
stores was approximately $420,000 + $450,000 +
2013 it was about 400. The percent decrease is therefore
$550,000 = $1,420,000. In 2010, the combined revenue
(400 − 750)/750 × 100% = 46.7%.
for four stores was approximately $220,000 + $520,000 +
$600,000 + $675,000 = $2,015,000, for an increase of
about $595,000. 13. A In 1970, the blood lead levels were about 23 and
in 1990, they were about 3. The rate of decline is therefore
(23 − 3)/(1990 − 1970) = 1 mcg/dL per year.
4. C In 2006 there were 3 stores and in 2012 there were
6 stores, which is an increase of (6 − 3)/3 × 100% = 100%.
14. A From 1945–1955 preschool blood lead levels
increased from about 5 to about 17, a percent increase of
5. A The chart shows that 20% of the expense budget
(17 − 5)/5 × 100% = 240%.
went to defense, which equals 0.2 × $3,500,000,000,000 =
$700 billion.
15. A The question asks for the greatest percent
increase, not the greatest net increase in violent crime.
6. C Medicare accounts for 13% of expenses, so the
Notice that the net increase from 1963–1968 (from
sector angle is 0.13 × 360° = 46.8°.
roughly 150 to 250) seems to be slightly less than net
increase from 1968–1973 (from roughly 250 to 375), so
7. B The Interest on National Debt in 2010 was the percent increase from 1963–1968 (+67%) is clearly
0.057 × $3.5 trillion = $199.5 billion, so a decrease of greater than that from 1968–1973 (+50%).
$20 billion would be 20/199.5 × 100% = 10%.
16. B In 1950, blood lead levels were about 12 mcg/dL,
8. D The difference between Interest on National and they did not return to this level until 1980.
Debt and Education is 5.7% − 3.7% = 2%, and 0.02 ×
$3.5 trillion = $70 billion.
17. D The graph indicates that from about 1970 to
2013, the violent crime rate was above 375 crimes per
9. B The Social Security budget in 2010 was 0.20 100,000 capita.
$3.5 trillion = $700 billion. 50% of the Federal Pensions
budget is 0.5 × 0.035 × $3.5 billion = $61.25 billion. This
would be an increase of 61.25/700 × 100% = 8.75%.