Permutations and Combinations Elias Sir

Mathematics
01673544471

Students Name:……………………………….……. PP:……..…….. PS…………

1. (a) Eight people go to the theatre and sit in a (ii) John decides he is going to have 4 salad items,
particular group of eight adjacent reserved seats in and one of them will be tomatoes.
the front row. How many different selections can he make? [1]
Three of the eight belong to one family and sit
together.
(i) If the other five people do not mind where they
sit, find the number of possible seating arrangements
for all eight people [4]

2. A ten-digit number is formed by writing down the

(ii) If the other five people do not mind where they digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in some order. No
sit, except that two of them refuse to sit together, find number is allowed to start with 0. Find how many
the number of possible seating arrangements for all such numbers are odd. [4]
eight people. [5]

(b) The salad bar at a restaurant has 6 separate bowls 3. In how many ways can a committee of 3 men and
containing lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, radishes, 3 women be chosen from a group of 7 men and 6
spring onions and beetroot respectively. John decides women? [2]
to visit the salad bar and make a selection. At each
bowl, he can choose to take some of the Contents
or not.
(i) Assuming that John takes some of the contents
from at least one bowl,
find how many different selections he can make. [2]
The oldest of the 7 men is 𝐴 and the oldest of the 6 5. (i) Find the number of different arrangements of
women is 𝐵. It is decided that the committee can the letters of the word MEXICO.
include at most one of 𝐴 and 𝐵. In how many ways Find the number of these arrangements
can the committee now be chosen? [3] (ii) which begin with 𝑀,
(iii) which have the letter 𝑋 at one end and
the letter C at the other end. [5]

4. (a) Find the number of different arrangements of

the eleven letters of the word Four of the letters of the word MEXICO are
ABRACADABRA. [3] selected at random. Find the number of
different combinations
if
(iv) there is no restriction on the letters selected,

(b) A girl wishes to phone a friend but cannot

remember the exact number. She knows that it is a
five-digit number, that it is even, and that it consists
of the digits 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in some order. Using this (v) the letter 𝑀 must be selected. [3]
information, find the largest number of different
wrong telephone numbers she could try. [3]

6. A garden centre sells 10 different

varieties of rose bush.
A gardener wishes to buy 6 rose bushes,
all of different varieties.
(i) Calculate the number of ways she can
make her selection. [2]
Of the 10 varieties, 3 are pink, (ii) in which 𝐴 is placed first,
5 are red and 2 are yellow. Calculate the
number of ways in which her selection of 6
rose bushes could contain
(ii) no pink rose bush, [1]
(iii) which contain 𝐴 [6]

(iii) at least one rose bush of each colour. [4]

8. (a) Find the number of different arrangements of
the 9 letters of the word SINGAPORE in which S
does not occur as the first letter. [2]

7. (a) An examination paper contains 12 different

questions of which 3 are on trigonometry, 4 are on
algebra and 5 are on calculus. Candidates are asked
to answer 8 questions. Calculate
(i) the number of different ways in which a candidate
can select 8 questions if there is no restriction,

(b) 3 students are selected to form a chess team

from a group of 5 girls and 3 boys. Find the number
of possible teams that can be selected in which there
are more girls than boys. [4]

(ii) the number of these selections which contain

questions on only 2 of the 3 topics, trigonometry,
algebra and calculus. [4]

9. A student has a collection of 9 CDs, of which 4 are

by the Beatles, 3 are by Abba and 2 are by the
Rolling Stones. She selects 4 of the CDs from her
collection. Calculate the number of ways in which
(b) A fashion magazine runs a competition, she can make her selection if
in which 8 photographs of dresses are shown, (i) her selection must contain her
lettered 𝐴 , 𝐵 , 𝐶 , 𝐷 , 𝐸 , 𝐹 , 𝐺 and 𝐻. favorite Beatles CD, [2]
Competitors are asked to submit an arrangement
of 5 letters showing their choice of dresses in
descending order of merit. The winner is picked
at random from those competitors whose
arrangement of letters agrees with that
chosen by a panel of experts. (ii) her selection must contain 2 CDs by
(i) Calculate the number of possible one group and 2CDs by another. [3]
arrangements of 5 letters chosen from the 8.
Calculate the number of these arrangements
10. (a) Each day a newsagent sells copies of 10 12. (a) How many different four-digit numbers
different newspapers, one of which is The Times A can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
customer buys 3 different newspapers. Calculate the if no digit may be repeated? [2]
number of ways the customer can select his
newspapers
(i) if there is no restriction, [1]

(b) In a group of 13 entertainers, 8 are singers

and 5 are comedians. A concert is to be given
by 5 of these entertainers. In the concert there must
(ii) if 1 of the 3 newspapers is The Times. [1] be at least I comedian and there must be more singers
than comedians. Find the number of different ways
that the 5 entertainers can be selected. [6]

(b) Calculate the number of different 5-digit

numbers which can be formed using the digits
0,1,2,3,4 without repetition and assuming that a
number cannot begin with 0. [2]
How many of these 5-digit numbers are even? [4]

13. An artist has 6 water colour paintings and

4 oil paintings. She wishes to select 4 of these 10
paintings for an exhibition.
(i) Find the number of different
selections she can make. [2]

11. (a) 7 boys are to be seated in a row. Calculate the

number of different ways in which this can be done if (ii) In how many of these selections will there be
2 particular boys, Andrew and Brian, have exactly 3 more water colour paintings than oil paintings? [3]
of the other boys between them. [4]

14. A badminton team of 4 men and 4 women is to

(b) A box contains sweets of 6 different flavours. be selected frpm 9 men and 6 women.
There are at least 2 sweets of each flavour. A girl (i) Find total number of ways in which the
selects 3 sweets from the box. Given that these 3 team can be selected if there are no
sweets are not all of the same flavour, restrictions on the selection. [3]
calculate the number of different ways
she can select her 3 sweets. [3]
Two of the men are twins. 17. A musician has to play 4 pieces from a list of 9.
(ii) Find the number of ways in which the Of these 9 pieces 4 were written by Beethoven, 3 by
team can be selected if exactly one of the Handel and 2 by Sibelius. Calculate the number of
twins is in the team. [3] ways the 4 pieces can be chosen if
(i) there are no restrictions, [2]

(ii) there must be 2 pieces by Beethoven,

15. A committee of 5 people is to be selected from 6 1 by Handel and 1 by Sibelius, [3]
men and 4 women. Find
(i) the number of different ways in which the
committee can be selected, [1]

(iii) there must be at least one piece by

each composer. [4]
(ii) the number of these selections with
more women than men. [4]

18. A committee of 8 people is to be selected from 7

16. (a) A sports team of 3 attackers, 2 centres and 4 teachers and 6 students. Find the number of different
defenders is to be chosen from a squad of 5 attackers, ways in which the committee can be selected if
3 centres and 6 defenders. Calculate the number of (i) there are no restrictions, [2]
different ways in which this can be done. [3]

(ii) there are to be more teachers than

students on the committee. [4]
(b) How many different 4-digit numbers greater than
3000 can be formed using the six digits 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 and 6 if no digit can be used more than once? [3]

19. A music student needs to select 7 pieces of music

from 6 classical pieces and 4 modem pieces. Find the
number of different selections that she can make if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) there are to be only 2 modem pieces included,[2] (ii) Find the number of different teams
that consist of 2 women and 4 men. [3]

(iii) there are to be more classical

pieces than modem pieces. [4]

(iii) Find the number of different teams

that contain no more than 1 woman. [3]

20. A 4-digit number is formed by using four of the

seven digits 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9. No digit can be used
more than once in any one number. Find how many
different 4-digit numbers can be formed if 22. Four boys and three girls are to be seated in
(i) there are no restrictions, [2] a row. Calculate the number of different ways that
this can be done if
(i) the boys and girls sit alternately, [2]

(ii) the number is less than 4000, [2]

(ii) the boys sit together and the girls sit together,[2]

(iii) the number is even and less than 4000. [2]

(iii) a boy sits at each end of the row. [2]

21. A team of 6 members is to be selected from 6 23. (a) A team of 7 people is to be chosen from 5
women and 8 men. women and 7 men. Calculate the number of
(i) Find the number of different teams different ways in which this can be done if
that can be selected. [1] (i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) the team is to contain more women than men. [3] 25. A 4-digit number is to be formed from the digits
1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 9. Each digit may only be used once.
Find the number of different 4-digit numbers that
can be formed if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

(ii) the 4-digit numbers are divisible by 5, [2]

(b) (i) How many different 4-digit numbers,
less than 5000, can be formed using 4 of the 6
digits 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 if no digit can be used more
than once? [2]

(iii) the 4-digit numbers are divisible by 5

and are greater than 7000. [2]

(iii) How many of these 4-digit numbers are

divisible by 5? [2]

26. (a) (i) Find how many different 4-digit numbers

can be formed from the digits 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 if
each digit may be used only once. [1]

24. A 4-digit number is formed by using four of the

six digits 2,3,4,5,6 and 8; no digit may be used more
than once in any number. How many different 4-digit
num bers can be formed if
(i) there are no restrictions, [2]

(ii) Find how many of these 4-digit

numbers are even. [1]

(ii) the number is even and more than 6000? [3]

(b) A team of 6 people is to be selected from

8 men and 4 women. Find the number of different
teams that can be selected if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) the team contains all 4 women, [1] (b) How many different groups of 6 children
can be chosen from a class of 18 children if the
class contains one set of twins who must not
be separated? [3]

(iii) the team contains at least 4 men. [3]

28. (a) (i) Find how many different 4-digit

numbers can be formed using the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 if no digit is repeated. [1]

27. (a) (i) How many different 5-digit numbers

can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 9
if no digit is repeated? [1] (ii) How many of the 4-digit numbers found in
part (i) are greater than 6000? [1]

(ii) How many of these numbers are even? [1]

(iii) How many of the 4-digit numbers found

in part (I) are greater than 6000 and are odd? [1]

(iii) How many of these numbers are less

than 60 000 and even? [3]

(b) A quiz team of 10 players is to be chosen from a

class of 8 boys and 12 girls.
(i) Find the number of different teams that can be
chosen if the team has to have equal numbers
of girls and boys. [3]
(ii) Find the number of different teams that can (b) Two teams, each of 4 students, are to be
be chosen if the team has to include the youngest selected from a class of 8 boys and 6 girls.
and oldest boy and the youngest and oldest girl. [2] Find the number of different ways the two
teams may be selected if
(i) there are no restrictions, [2]

29. (a) A security code is to be chosen using 6 of the

following:
• the letters A, B and C (ii) one team is to contain boys only and the
• the numbers 2, 3 and 5 other learn is to contain girls only. [2]
• the symbols * and $.
None of the above may be used more than once.
Find the number of different security codes that
may be chosen if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

30. (a) 6 books are to be chosen from 8 different

books.
(i) Find the number of different selections
(ii) the security code starts with a letter of 6 books that could be made. [1]
and finishes with a symbol, [2]

A clock is to be displayed on a shelf with 3 of the

8 different books on each side of it, Find the number
of ways this can be done if
(iii) the two symbols are next to each other (ii) there are no restrictions on the choice of
in the security code. [3] books, [1]
(iii) 3 of the 8 books are music books which (ii) Mr and Mrs Coldicott must both be
have to be kept together, [2] in the team, [2]

(b) A team of 6 tennis players is to be chosen from

10 tennis players consisting of 7 men and 3 women.
Find the number of different teams that could be
chosen if the team must include at least 1 woman. [3] (iii) either Mr or Mrs Coldicott is in the
team but not both. [3]

31. A team of 3 people is to be selected from 7

women and 6 men. Find the number of different
terms that could be selected if there must be more 33. (a) A 5-digit number is to be formed from the
women than on the team. [3] seven digits 1,2,3, 5,6, 8 and 9. Each digit can only
be used once in any 5-digit number. Find the number
of different 5-digit numbers that can be formed if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

(ii) the number is divisible by 5 [1]

32. Mr and Mrs Coldicott have 5 sons and 4

daughters. All 11 members of the family play tennis.
Six members of the family enter a tennis competition
where teams consist of 4 males and 2 females. Find
the number of different teams of 4 males and 2
females that could be selected if (iii) the number is greater than 60 000 [1]
(i) there are no further restrictions, [2]
(iv) the number is greater than 60 000 and even. [3] (ii) She selects at least 2 mystery books. [3]

(b) Ranjit has 25 friends of whom 15 are boys and 10 (iii) She selects at least I book of each type. [3]
are girls. Ranjit wishes to hold a birthday party but
can only invite 7 friends. Find the number of
different ways these 7 friends can be selected if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

(ii) only 2 of the 7 friends are boys [1] 35. (a) Four parts in a play are to be given to four of
the girls chosen from the seven girls in a drama class.
Find the number of different ways in which this can
be done. [2]

(iii) the 25 friends include a boy and

his sister who cannot be separated [3]

(b) Three singers are chosen at random from a group

of 5 Chinese, 4 Indian and 2 British singers. Find the
number of different ways in which this can be done if
(i) no Chinese singer is chosen, [1]
34. Naomi is going on holiday and intends to read 4
books during her time away. She selects these books
from 5 mystery 3 crime and 2 romance books.
Find the number of ways in which she can make her
selection in each of the following cases.
(i) There are no restrictions. [1]
(ii) one singer of each nationality is chosen, [2] (b) A netball team of 7 players is to be chosen from
10 girls. 3 of these 10 girls are sisters. Find the
number of different ways the team can be chosen if
the team does not contain all 3 sisters. [3]

(iii) the three singers chosen are

all of the same nationality. [2]

37. (a) Eight books are to be arranged on a shelf.

There are 4 mathematics books,
3 geography books and 1 French book.
(i) Find the number of different arrangements
of the books if there are no restrictions. [1]

36. (a) A5-charactercodeistobeformedfromthe 13

characters shown below. Each character may be used
once only in any code.
Letters: 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹
Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Find the number of different codes in which no
two letters follow each other and no two numbers
follow each other. [3]

(ii) Find the number of different arrangements if

the mathematics books have to be kept together. [3]
(iii) Find the number of different arrangements if 38. A 5 – digit code is formed using the following
the mathematics books have to be kept together characters.
and the geography books have to be kept together.[3] Letters a e i o u
Numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6
Symbols @ * #
No character can be repeated in a code.
Find the number of possible codes if
(i) there are no restrictions. [2]

(b) A team of 6 players is to be chosen from 8 men (ii) the code starts with a symbol followed
and 4 women. by two letters and then two numbers, [2]
Find the number of different ways this can be done if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

(ii) there is at least one woman in the team. [2]

(iii) the first two characters are numbers,
and no other numbers appear in the code. [2]
39. (a) (i) Find how many different 5-digit numbers (b) The number of combinations of n items taken 3 at
can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8, if a time is 6 times the number of combinations of 𝑛
each digit may be used only once in any number. [1] items taken 2 at a time.
Find the value of the constant 𝑛. [4]

(ii) How many of the numbers found in

part (i) are not divisible by 5? [1]

(iii) How many of the numbers found in part (i) are

even and greater than 30000? [4]

40. (a) Find the number of ways in which 12 people

can be put into 3 groups containing 3, 4 and 5 people
respectively. [3]
(b) 4-digit numbers are to be formed using four of the
digits 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9. Each digit may be used once
only in any 4-digit number. Find how many 4-digit
numbers can be formed if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

(iii) the number is greater than 7000 and odd. [3]

(ii) the number is even, [1]

 Answer

1. A. i. 4320 ii. 2880 b. i. 63 ii. 10

2. 1 1612 800
3. 700, 550
4. a. 83160 b. 71
5. (i) 720 (ii) 120 (iii) 48 (iv) 15 (v) 10
6. (i) 210 (ii) 7 (iii) 175
7. (a) (i) 495 (ii) 10 (b) (i) 6720 (ii) 840 (iii) 4200
8. (a) 322560 (b) 40
9. (i) 56 (ii) 27
10. (a) (i) 120 (ii) 36 (b) 60
11. (a) 720 (b) 35
12. (a) 3024 (b) 910
13. (i) 210 (ii) 95
14. (i) 1890 (ii) 1050
15. (i) 252 (ii) 66
16. (a) 450 (b) 240
17. (i) 126 (ii) 36 (iii) 72
18. (i) 1287 (ii) 531
19. (i) 120 (ii) 36 (iii) 100
20. (i) 840 (ii) 240 (iii) 80
21. (i) 3003 (ii) 1050 (iii) 364
22. (i) 144 (ii) 288 (iii) 1440
23. (a) (i) 792 (ii) 196 (b) (i) 240 (ii) 48
24. (i) 360 (ii) 72
25. (i) 360 (ii) 60 (iii) 36
26. (a) (i) 360 (ii) 120 (b) (i) 924 (ii) 28 (iii) 672
27. (a) (i) 720 (ii) 240 (iii) 144 (b) 9828
28. (a) (i) 360 (ii) 60 (iii) 36 (b) (i) 44352 ≈ 44400 (ii)
8008 ≈ 8010
29. (a) (i) 20160 (ii) 2160 (iii) 3600 (b) (i) 210210 (ii)
1050
30. (a) (i) 28 (ii) 20160 (iii) 720 (b) 203
27. (i) 161
28. (i) 150 (ii) 40 (iii) 80
29. (a) (i) 2520 (ii) 360 (iii) 1080 (iv) 420 (b) (i) 480
700 (ii) 26460 (iii) 278 806
30. (i) 210 (ii) 155 (iii) 105
31. (a) 840 (b) (i) 20 (ii) 40 (iii) 14
32. (a) 11340 (b) 85
33. a. i. 40320 ii. No. of with maths books as 1 unit = 5! Or
5 × 4! or 5𝑃5 or 120, No. of ways maths books can be
arranged amongst themselves = 4! Or 4𝑃4 or 24, Total
= (5! × 4! 𝑜𝑒) = 2880 iii. No. of ways with books as 1
unit and geography books as 1 unit = 3! Or 3𝑃3 or 3 × 2!
or 6, No. of ways maths books can be arranged amongst
themselves and geography book can be arranged amongst
themselves = 4! × 3! or 4𝑃4 × 3𝑃3 or 144, Total = (3! ×
4! × 3! oe) = 864 b. i. 12𝐶6 = 924 ii. 924 − 8𝐶6 , Total
= 896, or 5𝑀 1𝑊: 8𝐶5 × 4𝐶1 (=224), 4𝑀2𝑤: 8𝐶4 ×
4𝐶2 (= 420), 3𝑀3𝑊: 8𝐶3 × 4𝐶3 (= 224), 2𝑀4𝑊: 8𝐶2 ×
8𝐶4 (= 28)
34. i. 240 240 ii. 1800 iii. 10 080
35. a. i. 720 ii. 600 iii. 168 b. 20
36. a. 27720 b. i. 120 ii. 48 iii. 42
37.