MODULE 4

IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT CLAIMS

YOUR OBJECTIVE
☐ Identify claims explicitly and implicitly made in written text
a. Claim of fact
b. Claim of policy
c. Claim of value

WHAT’S YOUR OPINION?

DIRECTIONS: As a group take a stand on the following societal issues. Each group is given
3 mins to discuss their stand. Debate is limited to up to two rounds only.

Topics:
Abortion Transgender-rights Cancel culture

Same-sex marriage Universal healthcare Religious Freedom

Source: https://thebestschools.org/magazine/controversial-topics-research-starter/

BE SURE TO REMEMBER
CLAIM
A claim is a statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may be unverified or
controversial to a certain degree. It is usually related to one side of the issue. A claim is
also called a position. A claim is argumentative and specific.

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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools students only.
Types of Claims
Claim of Fact (COF)
The claim of Facts relates to statements that can be easily verified and are not
dependent on a person's preference. It also asserts that a condition has existed, is
existing, or will exist and is based on facts or data. *Facts that are universally accepted
are not considered the claim of fact but instead a statement of fact.

Claims of fact are often qualified by such terms as generally, probably, or as a rule.
And, to verify whether these statements are the claim of fact or not, ask these questions:
Is it debatable? Is it verifiable? Is it specific? Can it be solved objectively?

Claim of Value (COV)

Claim of Value involves judgments and evaluations. It judges whether something is
good/bad, right/wrong, just/unjust, ethical/non-ethical, etc. We judge the worth of
something. It attempts to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others.
Some claims of value are simply expressions of taste, preferences, and prejudices. The
most important in proving the claim of value is by establishing standards of evaluation.

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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools students only.
Claim of Policy (COP)
Advocates a specific course of action. It asserts that specific policies should be
instituted as solutions to problems. Claims of the policy argue that certain conditions
should exist. Almost always "should" or "ought to" or "must" are included in this claim.

Good to know!
Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy

debatable, verifiable, Requires a “standard” to Suggests a solution or a

specific, objective verify policy

COLLABORATIVE WORK
DIRECTIONS: Each group will continue to work on one of the existing societal issues
from the initial task. Follow the table below as your guide. Be sure to include your
citations as evidence. You will be graded with the help of a rating scale.

OUR STAND

SUBJECT COF COV COP

Abortion
Same-sex marriage
Transgender rights

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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools students only.
 Universal healthcare
Cancel culture
Religious Freedom
Rating Scale
Stand
Claim is complete and reasonable.
5 10 15 20 25
Evidence
Provides appropriate and sufficient evidence to support
claims. 5 10 15 20 25
Reasoning (Completeness)
All of the necessary ideas necessary to link to the evidence to the claim are
included. 5 10 15 20 25
Reasoning (Accuracy)
The evidence/s is/are tied to the claim by scientific principle (COF), existing societal
standard (COV) and related existing policy (COP).
5 10 15 20 25
TEST YOURSELF
I. IMPLICIT OR EXPLICIT
DIRECTIONS: Evaluate the following claims and label them explicit or implicit. (1 point
each)
1. Vaccines have revolutionized global health with life-saving immunity from certain diseases.
Polio, smallpox, tetanus, and other infectious diseases are no longer deadly because of
innovative vaccines.
2. Animal rights advocates believe that animals should be able to live free from use in medical
research, hunting, agriculture, and other industries that benefit humans. The central conflict
here is about conflicting priorities: protecting animals or serving humanity's needs.
3. The right to privacy is a controversial issue that centers on conflicting priorities between
individual privacy and public safety. Over the years, the U.S. government has expanded its
capacity to conduct mass surveillance on its citizens in the name of protecting national
security interests.
4. Prohibitionists question the validity of marijuana's medical use and believe the risks to
public health, safety, and civic order outweigh any potential benefits. They also fear it will
become a gateway drug if it's made legal for recreational use.
5. Although most scientists accept the evolutionary theory that humans evolved from
primates, many Americans still reject it. According to the Pew Research Center, about 1 in
5 U.S. adults believe that life on Earth has never changed.

II. WHICH IS IT?

DIRECTIONS: Analyze the following claims and label them accordingly: Claims of Fact,
Claims of Value, or Claims of Policy. (1 point each)
1. Advances in computer modeling have made it possible to create completely new types
of architectural structures.

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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools students only.
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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools students only.
2. Parents should not only be aware of how their children are using social media but also
understand the potential positive and negative impacts of social media use.
3. Increased investments in solar power will benefit national security by reducing
dependence on fossil fuels.
4. Although the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto is not a planet,
experts disagree on what characteristics define a planet.
5. To ensure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in their fields, the college must
put additional resources into its career services office and internship programs.
6. The Career Support Network is an excellent resource for people who are considering a
mid-life career change.
7. Studies have shown that exposure to violent media is a risk factor for violent behaviors.
8. The basic keys to success are perseverance and discipline.
9. Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease, and insulin resistance.
10.The city’s board of education should institute an honors program not only for high
school
students but for elementary and junior high school students as well.

JOURNAL ENTRY 4
LET US REFLECT!
DIRECTIONS: Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing
the chart below.
I thought …

I learned …

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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools students only.