LABORATORY MODULE

WAVES & OPTICS

(DIPLOMA)

MAZLINA MAT DARUS

SHAHRUL KADRI AYOP
 WAVES & OPTICS
(DIPLOMA)
LAB REPORT

Group : A B C D
(Circle one only)

Group No. :

Experiment :

Marks :

Registration No. Group Members

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 Guide for Lab Report

Pre-lab Task

Complete the pre-lab section before you start your lab work.

Recording Measurement

When you measure any physical quantities:

(i) Identify its appropriate unit. For example, frequency is measured in Hz and length
is in meter. However, depending on the situation the unit may be written with suffix,
i.e cm and nm.

(ii) Write the value in consistent significant figures. All values in a table must have
the same number of significant figures.

Doing Calculation

After obtaining your data, you may need to calculate some other physical values, for
example the determination of g from the slope of graph.
Report your calculation value in the correct significant figures and unit.

Plotting Graph

Good linear graph possess the followings:

1. Title
2. Large size ~ 3/4 paper size
3. Suitable axes with label and units
4. Correctly plotted points
5. Correct drawn slope

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Title of Experiments

The experiments are conducted in three different levels of inquiry to help students
develop a better understandings of the topics by exploring ideas and experience in
learning, The level of inquiry can be referred to Figure 1.

GO1 Simple Pendulum (Structured Inquiry) – 30 Marks

GO2 Sound Intensity (Guided Inquiry) – 30 Marks
GO3 Topic of your choice (Open inquiry) – 30 Marks

FIGURE 1: Level of Inquiry

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GO1 Simple Pendulum
- (Structured Inquiry)

– PRE LAB TASK

1. What is simple harmonic motion (SHM)?

2. The length of an oscillating 30 Hz pendulum on earth is 1 m. Calculate the

period of the pendulum on the earth (gearth = 9.81 m/s2) and the moon
(gmoon = 1/6 gearth).

3. What are the differences between mass-spring system and simple pendulum?

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GO1 Simple Pendulum
- (Structured Inquiry)
Objectives
1. To determine the gravitational acceleration.
2. To deduce relation between bob mass and oscillation period.

Apparatus
1. String
2. Bob (Different types of Mass)
3. Stopwatch

Stick

Thread

Support

Mass

FIGURE 2: Pendulum Set-up

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Introduction

The relation between period and the length of a pendulum is given by;

(Eq. 1)

From the relation we can make linear relation so that

(Eq. 2)

By plotting a graph of T versus , we can get the value of gravitational acceleration:

slope of graph = (Eq. 3)

The period of a mass-spring system does depend on the mass. However, for simple
pendulum as shown by the above formula, the period is independent of the mass of a
bob.

Procedure

A. Determination of Gravitational Acceleration

1. Put the bob with the heaviest mass at the end of the string l1 (Length is 40 cm
from the stick). Refer to FIGURE 2.
2. Displace the bob parallel to the right. (Approximated amplitude 30 cm)
3. Be ready with your stopwatch.
4. Release the bob and start the stopwatch simultaneously.
5. Measure the time taken for 5 cycles of oscillations, 5T1.
6. Record the value in the provided Table A1.
7. Repeat measurements for another 4 values of 5T.
8. Repeat procedure 1 to 7 for other length of string (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 cm).
9. Complete WORKSHEET A.

B. Mass - Period Relationship

1. Put the lightest bob at the end of the string, 150 cm from ceiling.(If possible,
record the mass value).
2. Displace the bob parallel to the right. (Approximated amplitude 30 cm)
3. Be ready with your stopwatch.
4. Release the bob and start the stopwatch simultaneously.
5. Measure the time taken for 5 cycles of oscillations, 5T1.
6. Record the values in the Table 2.

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7. Repeat measurements for another 4 of 5Tn (n = 2, 3, 4, 5).
8. Repeat procedure 1 to 7 for 2 other bob of different mass. (No need to have
specific mass interval value)
9. Complete WORKSHEET B.

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GO1 [30 MARKS]

Experiment Title:
[1 mark]

Objectives :

1.

2.

[2 marks]

WORKSHEET A Determination of Gravitational Acceleration

A1. Complete the following:

Bob mass, m = _________ kg (include holder)

[1 mark]

Table A1
# Length,
l (m) /s /s /s /s /s
/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
[6 marks]

A2. Plot graph of T versus [in provided graph page].

A3. Determine the g value from the graph. [Show your calculation below].
[2 marks]

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 [13 marks]

[10 marks]

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WORKSHEET B Gravity Acceleration Determination

B1. Complete the following:

String length, L = _________ m

[1 mark]
TABLE B1
# mass / kg /s /s /s /s /s

1
2
3
[3 marks]

B2. Does the period of simple harmonic motion depend on the mass of the bob?
Briefly explain.
[2 marks]

Conclusion

1.

2.

[2 marks]

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GO2 Sound Intensity
- (Guided Inquiry)

– PRE LAB TASK

1. What is the meaning of sound intensity?

2. What are the factors which determine sound intensity?

3. A spherical sound wave emit sound at intensity of 80 dB. Determine the power
of the sound through 8 m2 room.

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GO2 Sound Intensity
- (Guided Inquiry)
Objective

1. To deduce relation between sound intensity and distance.

Apparatus

This is a guided inquiry experiment. You may think of suitable apparatus to conduct
this experiment.
Suggestion: To measure sound intensity, you can download Physics Toolbox Suite, a
free mobile app created by Vieyra Software. Look for Sound Meter.

FIGURE 3: Physics Toolbox Suite

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GO2 [30 MARKS]

Experiment Title :

Objective :

Introduction

Write the introduction based on your understanding.

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Procedure

Intensity-distance relationship

Write the procedures here.

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WORKSHEET A Intensity-distance relationship

Present your results here. This may include table and graph.

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Discussion

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Conclusion

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GO3 ______________________________
- (Open Inquiry)

GO3 [30 MARKS]

List your own objectives and plan on how to measure the parameter. Record
your measurement, present your results and write the appropriate findings.

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