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Conditional Sentence

There are four main types of conditional sentences in English. Type 0 refers to general truths or facts. Type 1 refers to possible or probable future events. Type 2 refers to unlikely or improbable future events. Type 3 refers to hypothetical or improbable past events. Each type has a specific structure for the if clause and main clause depending on whether they refer to present, future, or past events.

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104 views30 pages

Conditional Sentence

There are four main types of conditional sentences in English. Type 0 refers to general truths or facts. Type 1 refers to possible or probable future events. Type 2 refers to unlikely or improbable future events. Type 3 refers to hypothetical or improbable past events. Each type has a specific structure for the if clause and main clause depending on whether they refer to present, future, or past events.

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Neltza Siregar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ZERO

FIRST

SECOND

THIRD
There are 4 main types of
if sentences in English, often
called conditional sentences.

• These sentences are in two halves (clauses):


• the if part (if clause)
• the other part where you can use words such
as can, will, may, might, could and would
(main clause)
Conditional sentences have two parts: an if clause and a main clause.

The if clause can come either first or second. When the if clause is first,
the two clauses are separated by a comma. If normally means "on the
condition that.”
If I see him, I'll give him the message. I'll give him the message if
I see him.
There are 4 types of conditionals:

Type 0: If the ice melts, it becomes water.


Type 1: If I see her, I’ll give her a message.
Type 2: If I went, I wouldn’t speak to him.
Type 3: If it had rained, I would have taken an umbrella.
If clause Main clause
If + Present simple Present simple

If I am late for school, my


teacher gets angry.
FORM:
IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE, SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE.

SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE + IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE.

USES:
• When the result is always true.
• Scientific Facts.

EXAMPLES:
If you heat ice, it melts
If I miss this buss I am late for work.

We can also use when instead of if


If I oversleep
…
I miss the bus.
If I miss the bus, I am late for school.
If I am late for school, my teacher gets
angry.
If clause Main clause
•
If + Present tense will / can / may / must + verb

If I go to London,
I will see the Big Ben.
FORM:
IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE, SUBJECT + WILL / WON’T + VERB.

SUBJECT + WILL / WON’T + VERB + IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE.

USES:
* Predict what will happen given certain other facts.
* We use it for things that will probably happen in the real future or for
predictions.
EXAMPLES:
If you study hard, you’ll pass your exams.
If it rains, there’ll be a lot of traffic.

Sometimes, we use shall, can, or


may instead of will.
If I go to London …
I will see the Big Ben.
If I go to Buckingham Palace,
I can take a photo of the Royal Guard.
If you go to London,
you must look right before crossing a
street
If clause Main clause
If + Past Simple would / could / might + verb

If I were an astronaut,
I would travel in a spaceship.
FORM:
IF + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE, SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + VERB. SUBJECT
+ WOULD / WOULDN’T + VERB + IF + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE.

USES:
* To predict what would happen given an improbable or hypothetical
situation.

EXAMPLES:
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
If we didn't have to work today, we could have a picnic.

Sometimes, we use should, could or


might instead of would
If I were an astronaut,
I would travel in a spaceship.
If I travelled in a spaceship, I
would go to Mars.
If I went to Mars,
I would meet a Martian.

Nice to
meet you!
If I met a Martian,
I wouldn’t understand him.

?
If I didn’t understand him,
I would come back to the Earth.
If clause Main clause
If + Past Perfect would/could/might + have + past
tense participle

If I had studied hard,


I would have passed my exams.
FORM:
IF + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT, SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE..

SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + IF + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT.

USES:
* It refers to past time – to things that cannot now be changed.

EXAMPLES:
if it hadn’t been sunny, I wouldn’t have got sunburnt. (was it sunny? Yes) (Did
I get sunburnt? Yes)
Notice than in speech the third conditional is nearly always
contracted.
If I’d see him, I’d have said hello.
Sometimes, we use should have,
could have, might have instead
of would have.
If you had studied hard,
you wouldn’t have failed your exam.
If you had passed your exam,
you could have gone to the beach.
If I had gone to the
beach, I would have
made sand castles.
1. If you (not study), you (fail) the test.

2. We (die) if we (not get) help soon!

3. If you (look) in the fridge, you (find) some cold drinks.

4. If there (be) no oil in the engine, the car (break) down.

5. I (lend) you my umbrella if you (not need) it.

6. The sea level (rise) if the planet (get) hotter.

7. If you (eat) your sandwiches now, you (not have) anything for lunch!

8. You (be) safe in an accident if you (wear) your seatbelt.

9. If he (save) all his money, he (be able to go) on Holiday.

10. I (not come) with you if you (not bring) John!


1. What (do/you) if you (win) the lottery?

2. If I (have) a better coat, I (not feel) so cold.

3. If the weather (be) worse, we (not go) to the mountains.

4. Martha (be) very angry if you (kiss) her boyfriend.

5. He (feel) better if he (not smoke).

6. If Manuel (leave) my sister, she (be) very sad.

7. We (stay) in a nice hotel if we (have) more money.

8. If I (not be) shy, I (ask) him out.

9. If Clara (study) more, she (be) an architect.

10. They (meet) her if she (come) to the party.


1) If you (not/be) late, we (not/miss) the bus.

2) If she (study) she (pass) the exam.

3) If we (arrive) earlier, we (see) John.

4) If they (go) to bed early, they (not/wake) up late.

5) If he (become) a musician, he (record) a CD.

6) If she (go) to art school, (become) a painter.

7) If I (be) born in a different country, I (learn) to speak a different language.

8) If she (go) to university, she (study) French.

9) If we (not/go) to the party, we (not/meet) them.

10) If he (not/take) the job, he (go) travelling.

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