Optical Distribution Networks (FTTH)

Digital Egypt Youth Training Program

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 Fiber Access Solution FTTx-PON

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 Content 01 Fiber Meeting the BW
Requirement

02 Fiber Access Solution

03 What is PON ?

04 FTTH-PON system
architecture
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 Broadband services require more bandwidth

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 Transport of services
• 3 services in the access network
• Internet
• Voice/telephony
• Television

• Various ways to realise this... e.g.

• Internet: via data fiber (IP)
• Voice: via data fiber (VoIP)
• Television: via CATV fiber (overlay network) or via IP

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FTTH technology
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 Meeting the BW Requirement

Traditional networking Community Fiber community network

Office IP/TDM
building
and shops

Telephone TDM

TV CATV/IP Multi-service
Internet IP integration Fiber network
Wireless Wi-Fi IP OLT

Security
monitoring IP/TDM

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 From POTS to PONs
❑Twisted pairs of copper wire are still widely used for the short-distance connections between the central
office (CO) and subscribers.
❑The development of the singlemode optical fiber, with its almost unlimited bandwidth, opened the door to
massive deployment of long-haul and metropolitan point-to-point (P2P) fiber-optic networks.
❑The use of fiber-optic cable, rather than copper cable, resulted in three important changes:
▪ Massive capacity increase
▪ Significant cost reductions (equipment, operation and maintenance)
▪ Greatly improved quality of service (QoS)
❑Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) technology represents an attractive solution for providing high bandwidth from
the CO to residences and to small- and medium-sized businesses.
❑FTTH is cost-effective because it uses a passive optical network (PON).

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 Why use fiber optics?
• High bandwidth
– High single-channel data rates
– Multiple optical channels with wavelength division multiplexing
• Long transmission distances at high-speed Optical networking
• Immunity to tapping, EMI, ground loops
• Small size per unit bandwidth

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 High bandwidth
• Copper has high attenuation at high speeds
– Coax is broader-band than twisted pair
– Neither can carry broadband signals far
• Fibers have much broader bandwidth
– Loss essentially independent of frequency
– Multimode fiber has more bandwidth than
wire
– Single-mode fiber has more bandwidth

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 Transmission distance limits
• Depends on use of optical amplifiers
• Spans between optical amplifiers
– 50-200 km typical
• End-to-End
– Submarine cables: thousands of kilometers
• Require very careful design
– Terrestrial cables:100s to 1000s of km
• 600-1000 km between major nodes
• Design tradeoffs affect distance

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 Fiber Access Solution

TV & Radio Public cloud Broadband ISP Community Government

cloud cloud

Access center

FTTC
ODN
Optical fiber
FTTB
FTTB
FTTW
FTTH
FTTO Campus/hospital/community
government

Residence/hotel

Property/business

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 FTTx termination points
• FTTx is a general term which stands the fiber to the x, and x where the fiber is
terminated.
• x can be H(home), B(building), O(office), FTTcell, A(antenna), C(curb), D(desk), etc…

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 • FTTH: fiber to the home. In this mode, after a fiber is led from an OLT at the CO, it is connected to
a user's home over an ODN. At the user's home, an ONT is used to provide PON optical ports in
the upstream direction and user ports such as Ethernet network ports and plain old telephone
service (POTS) ports in the downstream direction. FTTH enables users to access multiple services.
FTTH is applicable to scenarios where subscribers are widely distributed, such as villa areas and
high-end communities.

• FTTB: fiber to the building. In this mode, after a fiber is led from an OLT at the CO, it is connected
to a user's building over an ODN. A multi-dwelling unit (MDU) is used to provide PON optical ports
in the upstream direction and provides multiple Ethernet ports and POTS ports in the downstream
direction to enable users to access multiple services. FTTB is applicable to scenarios where users are
densely distributed, such as high-rise buildings or small business districts.

• FTTC: fiber to the curb. In this mode, after a fiber is led from an OLT at the CO, it is connected to a
curb over an ODN. Then a mini DSLAM is used to connect the fiber to a user's home, and a modem
in used in the user's home. FTTC is applicable to communities or rural areas where users are
sparsely distributed.

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 FTTx Network - Device Type
End office Curb (FTTC) Corridor (FTTB) Home (FTTH)

• Large-capacity • Small- and medium-capacity

OLT xPON upstream MSAN • Downstream • Bridging terminal
xDSL+POTS MDU

• Small-and medium-capacity
• Medium-capacity • Downstream • Bridging + voice
xPON upstream DSLAM
OLT LAN+POTS MDU terminal

• Small-capacity
• Outdoor cabinet • Corridor • Home gateway
OLT
network box terminal

OLT MxU ONT

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 What is PON ?

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 Passive Optical Network (PON)
• Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are an emerging broadband, multiservices,
access technology allowing the benefits of fiber optic transmission to be pushed
closer to the customer, including directly to the customer location.

• There are no optical repeaters or other active devices in a PON, hence the name
"passive."

• PONs are designed for local loop transmission rather than long distance and serve
to bring fiber closer to the customer in order to obtain higher speed.

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 • Since PON uses only passive components
it has low power requirements
less no of technicians
cost savings up 40 t0 60%
• Year-over-year lower total cost of ownership (lower OpEx)
• Graceful migration to a fully converged IP network

Savings mainly result from lower customer contacts associated with service orders
and trouble reporting, outside plant operations, central office operations, and
network operations.

• It provides high bandwidth for high-speed Internet access, video on demand, IPTV
and voice over IP (VoIP) .

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 PON (P2P)

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 PON (P2MP)

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 Differences between P2P and P2MP PON

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FTTH P2MP PON wavelength allocation

A bidirectional WWDM
coupler is still needed for 1490
nm downstream and 1310 nm
upstream signals.

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 PON Network Architecture
ONU
Passive optical network POS
OLT
INTERNET

VOIP
POS

IPTV

• PON is a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) passive optical network.

• A PON network consists of the following components:
• Optical line terminal (OLT)
• Optical distribution network (ODN) which consists of POS Passive optical Splitter and optical fibers
• Optical network unit/terminal (ONU/ONT)

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 Development of broadband access transport technologies

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 PON Technology GPON

The GPON adopts WDM to transmit data of different upstream/downstream wavelengths over the same ODN.
Data is broadcast in the downstream direction and transmitted in the TDMA mode (based on timeslots) in the upstream
direction.

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 PON Technology
❑ At the CO, the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Internet services are interfaced with the optical
distribution network (ODN) via the OLT.

❑ In a P2MP PON, the downstream 1490 nm wavelength and upstream 1310 nm wavelength are used to transmit
data and voice.

❑ The downstream 1550 nm wavelength can be used for analog video overlay.

❑ Multiple ONTs are connected to each PON through one or more splitters.

❑ In a P2P system, the voice and data are transmitted on the same 1310 nm wavelength downstream and upstream
because it uses a fiber pair; one fiber downstream and another one upstream.

❑ For analog overlay video, 1550 nm is still used in the same configuration as for P2MP.

❑ The PON uses a tree topology. When service protection and channel protection are required, a protection ring
can be added to protect certain ONTs.

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 BPON
Example

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 PON Networking with Metropolitan Access Network

BRAS : Broad band Remote Access Server

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 FTTH PON basic system architecture

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 FTTH PON basic system architecture

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 FTTH Network Elements

FDH: FIBER DISTRIPUTION HUB

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 ODN Optical Distribution Network - FTTH
FeederOpticalNetwork DistributionOpticalNetwork DispersionOpticalNetwork

CO DistributionPoint AccessPointPoint End user

1:4
1:16 ATB

IndoorScenario
IndoorFAT FDB

1:16
OutdoorScenario
FMC
256ODF Dropcable(2x1,6mm)
Outdoor FAT Multi-port

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 Quiz
1. Which of the following are components of a PON network? ( )
A. OLT
B. ONU
C. POS
D. Fiber

2. The GPON uses the WDM technology. The upstream wavelength is ( ), and the downstream
wavelength is ( ).
A. 1490 nm
B. 1550 nm
C. 1310 nm

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 (Multiple choice with more than one correct answer)
• What are the advantages of a point-to-multipoint passive optical
network?

A, The network features low power consumption.

B, The network has low maintenance costs
C, Users access the network through private lines.
D, The network features strong anti-interference capability and high
reliability.

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 (Multiple choice with more than one correct answer)
• What are the advantages of a point-to-multipoint passive optical
network?

A, The network features low power consumption.

B, The network has low maintenance costs
C, Users access the network through private lines.
D, The network features strong anti-interference capability and high
reliability.

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 Thank You

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