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skeTChing OF
pOLynOmiaL Curve Learning ObjeCTives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
1. Use derivatives to find intervals on which the given function is
increasing or decreasing.
2. Find maxima and minima and inflection points of functions and to
determine the concavity of the curves.
3. Sketch graphs of polynomial curves.

Prepared by: EMT

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pOLynOmiaL FunCTiOn inCreasing FunCTiOn

Polynomial function – are functions that have this form: The Increasing Function
= + + ⋯+ + . A function ( ) defined
on an interval is said to be
increasing on that interval if and
only if ( ) < ( ) whenever
< where and are
any numbers in the interval.

Example: = −2 +6

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deCreasing FunCTiOn TheOrem

The Decreasing Function Let ( ) be a function that is continuous on a closed interval [a, b]
A function ( ) defined and differentiable on the open interval (a, b).
on an interval is said to be
decreasing on that interval if If ’( ) > for every in (a, b), then ( ) is increasing on [a, b].
and only if > ( )
whenever < where If ’ < for every in (a, b), then ( ) is decreasing on [a, b].
and are any numbers in the
interval.

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The COnCaviTy COnCave upward – is when the slope increases.

Let ( ) be a function that is differentiable on an open interval . the
- aka COnvex or COnvex dOwnward
graph of ( ) is defined as

 on if ’( ) is increasing on , or the graph of

( ) is above the tangent line on every point on that interval.
’’ > 0:

 on if ’( ) is decreasing on , or the graph

of ( ) is below the tangent line on every point on that interval.
’’ < 0: concave down
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COnCave dOwnward – is when the slope decreases. skeTChing pOLynOmiaL Curves

- aka COnCave or COnvex upward 1. Find the intercepts
a. -intercepts (when = 0) if possible.
b. -intercepts (when = 0)
2. Find relative extrema
a. Find maxima and minima.
b. Find the intervals of increasing and decreasing function
’( ) > : increasing function
’ < : increasing function
3. Find inflection points.
a. Find inflection point
b. Find the intervals of concavity.
"( ) > : concave upward
"( ) < : concave downward
4. Plot down all the points and connect.

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Steps in finding Maxima Steps in finding Inflection

and Minima Point Example: Sketch =5 +2 −3 .
1. Find ′ 1. Find the intercepts 2. Find relative extrema
1. Find ′′
2. Set = 0 2. Set =0 • -intercepts ( = 0) = 5 +2 −3
= 15 + 4 − 3
3. Simplify/Factor 3. Simplify/Factor =5 +2 −3 0= 5 +3 3 −1
4. Solve for 0=5 +2 −3
4. Solve for 0= 5 −3 +1
= −3/5 and =
5. Input to 5. Input to = −3/5
= 0, = 3/5 and = −1
6. Max: if is bigger = 5(−3/5) +2(−3/5) −3 − = or 1.44
Points: 0,0 , 3/5,0 −1,0 = 1/3
Min: if is smaller
• -intercepts (x = 0) = 5(1/3) +2(1/3) −3 =− − 0.592
=5 +2 −3
Maxima: − , 36/25
= 5(0) +2(0) −3 0
y =0 Minima: ,−
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−∞, −3/5 −3/5 , 1/3 1/3, +∞ 3. Find inflection point

+ − + = 15 +4 −3 Sketch =5 +2 −3
-3/5 1/3 " = 30 + 4 Concave Upward interval:
= 15 + 4 − 3 −3/5, +∞
0 = 30 + 4
In the interval −∞, −3/5 : let = −1 Concave Downward interval:
= 15 −1 + 4 −1 − 3 = 8
= −2/15 −∞, −2/15
= −2/15
In the interval −3/5 , 1/3 : let = 0 = 5(−2/15) +2(−2/15) −3 − = or 0.42
= 15 0 + 4 0 − 3 = −3

In the interval 1/3, +∞ : let = 1 Inflection Point: − ,

= 15 1 + 4 1 − 3 = 16
−∞, −2/15 −2/15, +∞
Increasing intervals:
−∞, −3/5 & 1/3, +∞ -2/15
Decreasing intervals: = 30 + 4
−3/5 , 1/3 In the interval −∞, −2/15 : let = −1
= 30 −1 + 4 = −26
In the interval −2/15, +∞ : let =0
= 30 0 + 4 = 4 13 14

Ex2. Graph = +4 −3 − 18
1. Find the intercepts = 6 + 20 − 12 − 54
Increasing intervals: Decreasing Intervals:
0 = 6 + 20 − 12 − 54
• -intercepts ( = 0)
= + 4 − 3 − 18
0 = (6 + 20 − 12 − 54) − ,− . , . ,∞ (−∞, − ),(− . , . )
0= + 4 − 3 − 18 = 0, = 1.57, = −1.91 & = −3
0= −2 +3
=0, =2 and = −3 −4 = 6(−4) +20(−4) −12 −4 − 54 −4 = −1120
−2 = 6(−2) +20(−2) −12 −2 − 54 −2 = 8
• -intercepts (x = 0) −1 = 6(−1) +20(−1) −12 −1 − 54 −1 = −28
= + 4 − 3 − 18 1 = 6(1) +20(1) −12 1 − 54 1 = −40
= (0) +4(0) −3(0) −18(0) 2 = 6(2) +20(2) −12 2 − 54 2 = 200
y =0
2. Find relative extrema
= +4 −3 − 18 3. Min: −3,0 , (1.57, −34.75)
( )=6 + 20 − 12 + 54 Max: (−1.91,32.37) 15 16

3. Find inflection point

= + 4 − 3 − 18 Inflection points
=6 + 20 − 12 − 54 (0,0), (1.14, −21.84)
( ) = 30 + 80 − 36 − 108 (−1.21,18.22), (−2.59,13.41)
0 = 30 + 80 − 36 − 108 Concave upward intervals: Concave downward intervals:
0 = (30 + 80 − 36 − 108)
−∞, − . , − . , (− . , − . ),( , . )
= 0, = 1.14, = −1.21 & = −2.59 (1.14, +∞)

′′ = 30 + 80 − 36 − 108
−3 = 30(−3) +80(−3) −36 −3 − 108(−3) = 270
′ −2 = 30(−2) +80(−2) −36 −2 − 108 −2 = −88
′ −1 = 30(−1) +80(−1) −36 −1 − 108(−1) = 22
′ 1 = 30(1) +80(1) −36 1 − 108 1 = −34
2 = 30(2) +80(2) −36 2 − 108(2) = 760

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Graph of = +4 −3 − 18 Seatwork:1 whole sheet of paper

1. Find the inflection point and the intervals of concave
downward and concave upward of the curve
=4 +3 −7 .

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Assignment:
1. Graph the curve = 5 − 20 +5 − 20 − 20 − 40.
2. Graph = −2 −3

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