Science 9

Quarter 3
Self Learnig Module 2

Types of Volcano
 EXPECTATION
In this module, we are going to discuss the types of volcanoes and be able to
differentiate each from one another.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the different types of volcanoes;
2. compare the four types of volcano according to their structure and
activity; and
3. enumerate some of the advantages and disadvantages of volcano to
mankind.

PRE – TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which type of volcano is characterized by a quiet eruption?
A. lava domes
B. cinder cone
C. shield volcano
D. composite volcano
2. Which of the following BEST describes a composite volcano?
A. steep sides, small crater
B. wide and gently sloping sides
C. hardened, thick layers of rock.
D. regular shape, steep sided cones
3. Below are the bases in determining the form of a volcano EXCEPT:
A. type of eruption
B. location of the volcano
C. composition of magma
D. type of material released
4. Mt. Mayon has a perfect cone. What type of volcano is it?
A. lava dome
B. shield volcano
C. composite volcano
D. cinder cone volcano
5. What is the advantage of farming near in places like volcano?
A. fertility of the soil
B. resorts for recreation
C. source of electric power
D. industrial chemical uses
 RECAP
From your previous lesson, you have learned some important facts
about volcano. Can you still recall it? To find out, do the following activity.

Based on the picture, give at least five descriptions or

characteristics of a volcano. Present your answer in a
concept map as shown below.
Big

Perfect
cone

Volcano

LESS ON

Famous for its “Perfect Cone”, the Mayon Volcano is

that the Philippines’ most active volcano and therefore
the most well-liked tourist destination within the Bicol
Region. With a height of two, 463 meters, it's the
centerpiece of the Albay province, which is about 300
kilometers southeast of Manila, the capital of the
Figure 1. Mayon Volcano Philippines. Volcanoes are mountains but they're very
different from other mountains, they're not formed by folding and crumpling or by
uplift and erosion. Instead, volcanoes are built by the buildup of their own eruptive
 products -- lava, bombs (crusted over ash flows, and tephra (airborne ash and dust).
A volcano is most ordinarily a conical hill or mountain built around a vent that
connects with reservoirs of molten rock below the surface of the planet. Volcanoes
have several shapes, which are controlled by the composition of the magma and
therefore the nature if its eruption.
Geologists generally group volcanoes into four supported the character of their
eruption and therefore the reasonably lava they release – cinder cone, composite,
shield, and lava dome volcanoes

Cinder Cone Volcano

It is also called as scoria cone. Is that the simplest, most
typical type, and features a characteristic conoid. It forms
when volcanic cinder, blobs of congealed lava of basaltic
composition, comes out from one vent. its explosive
eruptions caused by gas rapidly expanding and escaping
from the molten lava that comes out sort of a fountain. The
Figure 2. A Cinder Cone
lava cools quickly and falls as cinders that build up round
the vent forming a round shape, leaving a crater at the
summit. These volcanoes will be as high as 100 to 400
meters, because the lava is blown violently into the
Figure 4. Diagram of a
atmosphere, it breaks into small fragments, solidifies and Composite Volcano
falls as a cinders round the vent. Lava Type: Less viscous,
quite fluid basaltic lava (enriched in iron and magnesium
and depleted in silica.
Figure 3. Diagram of Cinder

Examples: Paricutín in Mexico, Taal in Philippines As the lava

is blown violently into the atmosphere, it breaks into small fragments, solidifies and
falls as a cinders around the vent.
Composite Volcano
Also observed as strato-volcanoes, it includes a number of the world’s grandest
mountains. A tall conical mountain composed of an alternating layer of lava-flow,
which justifies the name composite volcano. It can have a cluster of vents, with lava
breaking through walls or issuing from fissures on the perimeters of the mountain.
The eruptions are extremely explosive and dangerous. Pressure builds within the
magma chamber as gases under immense heat and pressure are dissolved within the
magma. When the magma reaches the vents, the pressure is released, and also the
gases explode violently. These is up to 100 to 3500 meters high.
Lava Type: Highly viscous rhyolitic lava that hardens before it can spread far (high
content of silica and low iron and
magnesium contents)). Figure 5. A Composite
Examples: Fujiyama, Mt. Mayon and Kanlaon in Philippines. Volcano

Shield Volcano
Shield volcanoes are huge, gently sloped volcanoes that just about exclusively erupts
basaltic lava and include a number of the biggest volcanoes within the world. it's built
by many layers of low-viscous lava flows. The eruptions don't seem to be explosive;
the lava oozes out from the central vent or a gaggle of vents and spreads far, building
a dome shape profile sort of a warrior’s shield. They will be
as high as 9000 meters from the bottom.
Lava Type: Less viscous, quite fluid basaltic lava Figure 6.
Diagram of a Shield Examples: The volcanoes within the Hawaiian
Island, including Kilauea, Diamond Head, Mauna Loa.
 Figure 7. A Shield Volcano
Lava Dome
It is also referred to as volcanic dome. These are relatively
small, circular mounds formed because the lava is simply
too viscous to flow, which makes it piles over and round the
vents, because the lava oozes out, its outer surface cools
and hardens, then shatters, spilling loose fragments down
its side. Lava domes are found within the crater or on the Figure 8. Lava Dome Diagram
edges of enormous composite volcanoes. Their height
depends on the dimensions of the composite volcanoes they seem
around.
Lava Type: Highly viscous, less fluid rhyolitic lava
Examples: There are lava domes within the crater of Mount
St. Helens, Chaitén lava dome, Lassen Peak
Figure 9. A Lava Dome

What are the advantages and disadvantages of living near volcanoes?

Volcanoes and volcanic activities are usually related to destruction thanks to
what we've experienced. Risks of living near volcanic areas include destruction onto
land by volcanic materials, landslides, pollution and effects on weather. However, the
materials are important for human life. As an example, lava and volcanic ash contains
nutrients that enrich the soil, many volcanic materials are very useful in industrial
and chemical uses, tourist attraction and source of heat energy.

ACTIVITIES
Let us do some activities for you to understand more about the types of volcano.

Module No.2 Activity No. 1: Comparison of the Four Types of Volcano

Direction: Use the table below and choose your answer in box to describe the types
of volcano.
Types of Volcano
Basis of
Comparison Shield Cinder Composite Lava
Volcano Volcano volcano Volcano
A. Eruption Style
Gentle,lots of
magma,lava
fountain and
bombs
 Highly
B. Magma viscous

Expands
C. Gas and forms
bubbles in
lava, high
levels
Hardened
D. Shape thick layers
of rock.

E. Examples Mauna Loa,

Hawaii

Magma

W • Hot, low vis cosity and soft.

• Highly visco us.
O
• Hot, low vis cosity (runny), fast moving.
R • Slightly cool er, thick and sticky, very viscous, foams and explosives
violently.
D
Gas
• Low levels
B • Low levels, can escape from magma.
• Expands an d forms bubbles in lava , high levels
A
• High levels, pressure from gas bubbles trying to escape.
N Eruption Style
K • Gentle, lots of magma, lava fountains and bombs.
• Slow, can be violent, lava does not flow far.
• Explosives, violent, lava flows, lahar, pyroclastic flows, cinders and
ash clouds.
• Mildly ex plosives, erupt lava from a breach in side or base of volcano,
gas -filled lava cools to become cinders.
• Hardened, thick layers of rock.
• Wide and gently sloping sides (from layers of lava flows cooling).
• Regular shape, steep sided cones, rough land scapes, layers of lava, rock and
ash make it tall.
• Steep sides, small crater, surrounded by debris of small red or black basalt
rocks with little holes.

Example

• Mauna Loa,Hawaii , xico

• Paricutin, Me
 • Mt. Fuji, Japa n
• Mt. St. Helens, USA Activity No. 2
Guide Questions:
1. Why do volcanoes have different shapes?

Because of their differences, composition of the magma and

therefore the nature of eruption and the reasonably lava they
release.
2. What is the most dangerous type of volcano and why?
Composite volcano also known as a stratovolcano, because the lava flows
out of them is extremely thick and sometimes it barely flows at all. This lava
plugs up the plumbing in stratovolcano allowing them to build up
tremendous amounts of pressure.
Closure:
What is the common shape of volcano in the Philippines?

Composite volcanoes

Module No.2 Activity No. 2: Volcano in the Philippines

Direction: Shown below are pictures of some of the volcanoes found in the
Philippines. Identify the type of volcano, its eruption and lava type. Mayon Volcano

Eruption Style: explosives, violent, lava flow,

lahar pyroclastic flows, cinders and ash
clouds.

Lava Type: highly viscous, rhyolitic lava that hardens

before it can spread far.

Type of Volcano: composite volcano

Taal Volcano Eruption

Style: mildly explosive

erupt lava from a

breach inside or base

of volcano gas filled

lava cools to become

cinders.

Lava Type: cinder cone volcano

Type of Volcano: Kanlaon Volcano

Eruption Style: explosives, violent, lava flow, lahar, pyroclastic flows, cinders
and ash clouds
Lava Type: highly viscous, rhyolitic lava that hardens before it can spread far.

Type of Volcano: composite volcano

Guide Questions:
1. What causes a shield volcano to be shaped like a broad dome?

Because of the lava that oozes out from the central vent or a gaggle of vent
and spreads for building a dome shape profile sorts of warriors head.
2. Why do volcanoes differ in size?
Because of the different types of lava that they eject and also depending on the
duration and frequency of their activities.
Closure:

Mount Mayon-in Albay Bicol, It is famous because of its perfect cone.

Mount Fuji- in Japan,It is famous because it has a glacier in top of it and also
it make a magnificient view.
Name some famous volcanoes in the Philippines and in other countries. State in what
way they are famous.

WRAP – UP

Direction: Identify the type of volcano on the following statements.

Composite volcano 1.A volcano that has steep sides.

Shield volcano 2. A volcano that has a gentle eruption.

Shield volcano 3. A volcano that has a thin lava

Shield volcano 4. A volcano has a broad, low base. A volcano that has a broad, low
base.

Lava dome 5. Lava type is highly viscous.

Cinder cone volcanoes 6. Has a cone shaped and the simplest type of volcano.

Composite volcanoes 7. Has a violent eruption

Lava dome 8. Also known as volcanic dome.

Composite volcanoes 9. A volcano that has sticky lava which move slowly.

Cinder cone volcano 10. Paricutin in Mexico is one example of this volcano.

VALUING
One of the advantages of living near a volcano is
having a fertile soil which is very essential in
farming. But it is known fact that living a near a
active volcano could be hazardous.

https://images.app.goo.gl/9fJuzMdBA9JjxqT16

1. Knowing the hazards of living near a volcano, what would you advice to the
locals to assure their safety if a volcano suddenly erupts?

Always ready the evacuation center that are safe from volcanic eruption and
also the food water that need of the evacuates. And also they must always
ready the rescuing vehicles for the people that affected or trap and for the
animals leftover.
2. What is the best thing to do to lessen/minimize the hazardous effects of
volcanic eruption?

Be ready always.

POST - TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following examples is NOT classified as composite volcano?
A. Mt. Fuji
B. Mt. Rainier
C. Mt. Mayon
D. Mt. Paricutin
2. Which of the following volcano has the most violent type of volcanic activity?
A. lava dome.
B. shield volcano.
C. cinder cone volcano.
D. composite volcano
3. What type of volcano is shown in the picture? A.
lava dome.
B. shield volcano.
C. cinder cone volcano.
D. composite volcano3
4. Which of the following is NOT a major part in determining the form of volcano?
A. type of eruption
B. type of material
C. date of eruption
D. composition of magma
5. What is the common source of income of people living near the volcano?
A. farming
B. fishing
C. tourist guide
D. all of the above