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Experiment No.5-Determination of XD and XQ of Synchronous Machine by Slip Test

The document describes an experiment to determine the direct axis reactance (Xd) and quadrature axis reactance (Xq) of a synchronous machine by performing a slip test. A DC motor is used to drive the synchronous machine at speeds slightly lower than synchronous speed. Voltage and current measurements are taken at different motor speeds. Xd and Xq are then calculated using the maximum and minimum voltage and current readings. The direct axis reactance is determined to be 96.33 Ω and the quadrature axis reactance is 30.32 Ω.

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61EEPrabhat Pal
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4K views3 pages

Experiment No.5-Determination of XD and XQ of Synchronous Machine by Slip Test

The document describes an experiment to determine the direct axis reactance (Xd) and quadrature axis reactance (Xq) of a synchronous machine by performing a slip test. A DC motor is used to drive the synchronous machine at speeds slightly lower than synchronous speed. Voltage and current measurements are taken at different motor speeds. Xd and Xq are then calculated using the maximum and minimum voltage and current readings. The direct axis reactance is determined to be 96.33 Ω and the quadrature axis reactance is 30.32 Ω.

Uploaded by

61EEPrabhat Pal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

5- Determination of Xd and Xq of Synchronous Machine


by Slip Test

Aim: To determine the direct axis reactance Xd and quadrature axis reactance Xq by
conducting a slip test on a salient pole synchronous machine.

Apparatus:

Sr. No. Equipment Ratings Quantity


1 DC Shunt Motor 3HP, 220V, 12A & 1500 rpm 1
2 3ᴓ Alternator 3KVA, 415V & 4.3A 1
3 DC Voltmeter 0-300V 1
4 DC Ammeter 0-20A 1
5 AC Voltmeter 0-600V 1
6 Rheostat 1140 Ω, 1.2A 1
7 Tachometer 0-3000 rpm 1

Theory:

When a 3-phase synchronous alternator operates under normal condition, the


resultant armature mmf is stationary with respect to the field mmf. As such the effect of
armature mmf cannot be studied unless it is resolved into two components, one is along the
axis of pole known as direct axis and another is along the axis quadrature to this known as
quadrature axis. The component of armature mmf acting along direct axis has overcome
lesser reluctance as compared the component of armature mmf acting along quadrature
axis, and can therefore, establish more flux. On the other hand, quadrature axis path has
higher reluctance and therefore, quadrature axis mmf will establish lesser flux. So, under
the steady stat operation condition of the synchronous machine we define two reactance as
follows
Direct axis reactance = Xd
Quadrature axis reactance = Xq
The value of d X and q X are determined by applying a balanced reduced external voltage to
an unexcited synchronous machine at a speed of little less than the synchronous speed. Due
to applied voltage to the stator terminals a current will flow causing a stator mmf. This
stator mmf moves slowly relative to the poles and induced an emf in the field circuit in a
similar fashion to that of rotor in an induction motor at slip frequency. The effect will be
that the stator mmf. will move slowly relative to the poles. The physical poles and the
armature-reaction mmf are alternately in phase and out, the change occurring at slip
frequency.
When axis of the pole and axis of armature reaction mmf wave coincide, the armature mmf
acts through the field circuit. Therefore, the corresponding reactance is direct axis
reactance and is given by

When armature reaction mmf is in quadrature with the field poles, the applied voltage is
equal to the leakage reactance drop plus the equivalent voltage drop of the cross-magnetizing
field component. Therefore, the corresponding reactance is quadrature axis
reactance and is given by

Connection Diagram:

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.


2. Bring the field circuit rheostat of D.C. motor to its minimum value and switch ON the
supply.
3. Start the D.C. motor with the help of three-point stater.
4. Check the direction of rotation of the synchronous machine. The direction of rotation of
synchronous machine when run by D.C. motor should be the direction of rotation when
run as induction motor. If it is not same, change either the direction of rotation of D.C.
motor or the phase sequence of synchronous machine.
5. Increase the speed of D.C. motor by increasing the field rheostat so that the speed reaches
a little less than the synchronous speed of machine. Maintain the slip to be less than 5 %.
6. Check that the three phase variac is set to zero position. Switch ON the ac supplies with
opening field circuit and apply it to the stator of synchronous machine.
7. Increase the supply voltage using three phase variac so that the machine draws the rated
current.
8. It will be observed that induced voltage, applied voltage to the stator winding and current
in stator winding will fluctuate from their minimum values to maximum values.
9. Note down the reading.
10. Repeat the step 5, 7 and 8 for some other suitable speeds.
11. Reduce the applied voltage to stator winding of synchronous machine by means of three
phase variac to zero and switch OFF the ac supply.
12. Reduce the speed of dc motor by decreasing its field resistance and switch OFF the dc
supply.

Observation Table:

Speed (N) Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum


(in rpm) Voltage (VLMAX) Voltage (VLMIN) Current (IMAX) Current (IMIN)
(in V) (in V) (in A) (in A)
1490 14.2 12.4 0.46 0.15
1507 19.6 18.2 0.54 0.2

Result:
The average direct axis reactance Xd = 96.33 Ω
The average quadrature axis reactance Xq = 30.32 Ω

Conclusion:
Xd and Xq of a salient pole synchronous motor are determined by conducting slip test.

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