A Semi- Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 7

Teacher’s Name : ESTHER MAE ANN TRUGILLO

Date : April 7, 2021
Time : 9:00- 10:00 AM

CONTENT STANDARD: The learners demonstrate an understanding of;

1.organisms as having feedback mechanisms, which are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems.
2. how these feedbacks help the organism maintain homeostasis to reproduce and survive.

LEARNING COMPETENCY: Describe the feedback mechanism involved in regulating process in the
female reproductive systems.

I- OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to;
1. Define Menstrual Cycle.
2. Enumerate the important events/stages and the mechanisms involved during the menstrual
cycle.
3. Appreciate the importance of studying menstrual cycle

II- SUBJECT MATTER

Topic : The Menstrual Cycle
Reference : Science 10 pages 251-254
Instructional Materials : Title banner, illustration and diagrams, cartolina paper, pentel pen
marker, scissors and glue

III- PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES

 Prayer
 Checking of Attendance
 Collecting of Assignments
 Review

A. Review of the Past Lesson

B. Do you still remember our lesson last meeting?

What had we discussed?

Answer: Student’s answer will vary.

Before we start our lesson proper, let me remind you of the health protocols that must be followed
during of class such as;
 Wear your Face Mask/ Face Shield
 Proper Social Distancing
 Proper Hand Sanitizing

C. Motivation
Before we jump into our lesson, I will be giving you an envelope, inside the envelope are set of pictures
with labels.
 Sequencing: Stated in every picture inside the envelope are the different phases in a cycle. Put numbers
1-6 on the space provided at the top of the illustration. After you number the pictures, you create a cycle
using the pictures by pasting it on a piece of neon paper which is also provided to you. You are only given 5
minutes to do the activity.

______ Hormones travel along the pathway

______ Egg moves through oviduct uterus

______ Pituitary Gland releases hormones

______ Estrogen is given off by the ovary/Uterus thickens/egg matures

______ Egg is released
______ Uterus continues to thicken

Students are answering the said activity.

Checking of the outputs of the activity

PRESENTATION

 What are your observations prior to our previous activity?

Answer: Student’s answers vary

 What do you think is the cycle illustrated in our previous activity?

Answer: Student’s answers vary

 What do you think is our topic for today?

Answer: Student’s answers vary

 The Menstrual Cycle

Before we proceed to new lesson today, let us read first our objectives.

Reading of the Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to;

1. Define Menstrual Cycle.
2. Enumerate the important events/stages and the mechanisms involved in process of menstrual
cycle.
3. Appreciate the importance of studying menstrual cycle

Based on the illustration posted on the board, what have you understand about Menstrual Cycle?
Answer: Students answers may vary.

Menstrual cycle
 A menstrual cycle consists of natural changes that occur in a woman’s body every month in
preparation for pregnancy.
 Menstruation starts at puberty and ends at menopause.
  The cycle lasts an average of 28 days but may vary between 20 and 40 days. The first day of a
cycle is the first day of a menstrual period and the last day is that of the following period.
First menstrual period
 The menstrual cycle often begins at puberty between the ages of 8 and
15 (average age of 12). It usually starts two years after breasts and pubic hair start to develop.

Important events during the menstrual cycle

1. The Pituitary gland controls and starts the cycle.
2. The Pituitary gland releases hormones that cause the egg in the ovary to mature. The luteinizing
hormone (LH) initiates the maturation of the follicles, converts ruptured follicles into corpus luteum
and causes the secretion of progesterone. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) assists in the
maturation of the follicles and causes the secretion of estrogen from the follicles.
3. Meanwhile, the ovary itself releases a hormone called estrogen, which causes the uterine lining to
increase in thickness. The uterine lining becomes thicker so that the fertilized egg can attach to it.
4. The ovary releases an egg on day 14. Assume that no sperm is present.
5. The egg moves through the oviduct and enters the uterus.
6. Meanwhile the uterine lining continues to thicken.
7. The egg has not been fertilized; therefore, it will not attach to the uterus.
8. The thick uterine lining is no longer necessary, so the cells of the thickened uterine lining break off
and leave the vagina. The unfertilized egg is lost and some blood is lost too. This loss of cells from
the uterine lining, blood and egg is called menstruation.
9. After menstruation, the cycle starts again.

PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

There are four phases: menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.

1. Menstruation

Menstruation is the elimination of the internal lining of the uterine wall along with other secretions from the
body through the vagina. It usually lasts three to seven days but this could change to more or less days from
month to month and depending on each woman.

2. The follicular phase

The follicular phase starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation. During this phase the
pituitary gland (situated at the base of the brain) releases a follicle (cyst) stimulating hormone. This hormone
produces 10 to 20 follicles in the ovary and each follicle houses an immature egg. These follicles produce
the hormone estrogen, which in turn thickens the lining of the endometrium in preparation to receive a
fertilized egg. Often, only one follicle keeps growing and travels to the ovarian surface while the remaining
follicles gradually fade and are absorbed back into the body.

3. Ovulation phase

Ovulation occurs 12 to 16 days before the following period but not necessarily in the middle of the cycle.
The term “ovulation” indicates the formation of a mature egg by one of the ovaries. The release of estrogen
during the follicular phase causes the brain to produce a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone that prompts the
pituitary gland to produce raised levels of luteinizing hormone (luteotropic hormone). This extracts the
mature egg from the follicle (cyst) and transports it from the ovary to the fallopian tube. If fertilization does
not occur during this phase, the egg continues to the uterus and dissolves within 6 to 24 hours.

4. The luteal phase

During this phase, the follicle from which the mature egg burst out (now called the yellow body of the ovary
or corpus luteum) released a large quantity of progesterone and some estrogen. The two hormones help
thicken the lining of the endometrium and maintain its thickness. If fertilization does not occur, the yellow
body degrades and progesterone levels decrease, leaving the lining unstable. The lining then falls away and a
new menstrual.

Did you know that menstrual cramps are the results of the strong contraction of the uterine wall that occur
before and during menstruation? The cramps can be caused by excessive secretion of prostaglandins.
 Feedback Mechanism in Menstrual Cycle
Feedback mechanisms is the process through which the level of one substance influences the level of
another substance.
1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen. High level of
estrogen then prevents the further production of FSH.

2. Estrogen also stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which
in turn controls the production of progesterone. High levels of progesterone then inhibit the
further release of LH.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Some psychological and physical changes may occur during the luteal
phase. These include:

Physical changes:
o Breast tenderness and swelling
o Diarrhea or constipation
o Bloating and gas
o Cramps
o Headaches or backaches
o Fluid retention
o Fatigue and vertigo
o Inability to tolerate noise or bright lights
o Acne

Psychological changes:
o Aggressive behavior and irritability
o Trouble sleeping (too much or too little)
o Changes in appetite
o Difficulty concentrating and remembering
o Stress and anxiety
o Mood swings
o Depression or sadness
o Reduced libido

These changes occur due to the sudden drop in progesterone and estrogen. However, they disappear a few
days after menstruation once hormones are back to their elevated levels.

PRACTICE
Individual Activity
 MARK MY CALENDAR
Materials
 Calendar Charts (Regular Calendar form)
 Cut strips of different colors of neon papers
 Glue and tape
 Envelope

INSTRUCTION OF THE ACTIVITY

I will be giving first an envelope with a piece of calendar, strips of neon papers and glue/tape inside. Using
the strips of neon papers mark the calendar by the day-to-day changes in the menstrual cycle. You are only
given 10 minutes to do the activity.

 Yellow – Menstruation Phase (depends on the number of days of your menstruation)

 Red – Follicular Phase – (14th day after the last day of menstruation)
 Violet- Ovulation Phase (One fully matured egg is released, egg cell will dissolve after 6-24
hours assume that there is no sperm present)
 Blue – Luteal Phase (after the matured egg burst, if there is no fertilized egg)

RUBRICS

5 3 2
Correctness All answers are correct Got 1 incorrect answer Got 2 or more incorrect
answers
Neatness Output has no erasures Outputs has 1 erasure Output has 2 or more
erasures
Promptness Finished the activity Finished the activity on Finished the activity
before the time time after the given time

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

1. How long does a regular menstrual cycle last?

2. What happens to an egg during the first 14 days of the cycle?

 3. What happens to the egg if fertilization occurs?

4. Why is it important to study the menstrual cycle?

Checking of Outputs of the students.

Who among you here experienced an irregular menstruation?

Answer: Students answer vary.

Are there ways on how avoid the irregular menstruation?

Answer: Students answer vary.

General advice

• Try to eat healthy foods with lots of fruit and vegetables.

• Reduce your salt intake as it causes fluid retention.
• Consume less caffeine as it causes stress.
• Eat foods rich in calcium as calcium alleviates PMS symptoms.
• Use painkillers such as Ibuprofen to help alleviate the pain from cramps.
• It is best to monitor and record menstruation dates and the accompanying symptoms to help diagnose
problems when they arise.
• Change sanitary napkins every three or four hours.
• Stop smoking.
• Place warm compresses on your stomach.
• Go for a light walk to reduce psychological stress.
• Consult a doctor before using any contraceptive method.

What do you think is the importance of knowing the menstrual cycle?

Answer: Students answer vary.
EVALUATION
Direction: Describe each stages/phase in Menstrual Cycle. Write your answer inside the box.
Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation

Follicular Phase
 Ovulation Phase

Luteal Phase

ASSIGNMENT
Study in advance about the Nervous System and Endocrine System.