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Name: Nicole Kaye L. Dolor BSN 1C

1. Aristotle established the foundations of logic and formal reasoning through his works known as the Organon. He discovered the structure of an argument determines its validity rather than its content. Aristotle developed the syllogism as the core of logical deduction. 2. Gottlob Frege was a German philosopher who made significant contributions to modern logic. He invented quantificational logic and developed the first fully axiomatic logic system, representing the first treatment of higher-order logic. Frege had a profound influence on analytic philosophy and theorists like Russell, Carnap, and Wittgenstein. 3. George Boole established Boolean algebra in 1847, providing a formal language for binary logic and arithmetic with true or false

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214 views2 pages

Name: Nicole Kaye L. Dolor BSN 1C

1. Aristotle established the foundations of logic and formal reasoning through his works known as the Organon. He discovered the structure of an argument determines its validity rather than its content. Aristotle developed the syllogism as the core of logical deduction. 2. Gottlob Frege was a German philosopher who made significant contributions to modern logic. He invented quantificational logic and developed the first fully axiomatic logic system, representing the first treatment of higher-order logic. Frege had a profound influence on analytic philosophy and theorists like Russell, Carnap, and Wittgenstein. 3. George Boole established Boolean algebra in 1847, providing a formal language for binary logic and arithmetic with true or false

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Nicole Kaye Dolor
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Name: Nicole Kaye L.

Dolor BSN 1C

3 LOGICIANS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGIC AS A BODY OF


KNOWLEDGE

1. Aristotle

- The roots of logic may be traced back to Aristotle's works in the fourth century BC. His
logical thoughts are spread across six works collectively referred to as the "Organon."
- Aristotle, who is considered the father of western logic, was the first to establish a formal
system of logical reasoning. He discovered that the structure of any argument, rather than
its content, might determine its deductive validity. 
- The syllogism served as the engine for Aristotle's formal logic. A syllogism is a type of
reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two premises. A common or middle term
always connects these premises, yet this binding term is absent in the conclusion. Aristotle
established this method of logical deduction and perhaps lies at the heart of all his notable
achievements. He was the first to devise an authentic and logical technique for concluding a
statement based on the available propositions. These assertions or premises were either
stated as facts or were merely assumed. For example, Socrates is a man. All men are mortal.
These premises can be concluded as "Socrates is mortal."
2. Gottlob Frege

- Gottlob Frege was a German logician, mathematician, and philosopher who contributed
significantly to the development of modern logic and analytic philosophy. Frege's logical
works were groundbreaking, and they are frequently regarded as representing a
fundamental break between contemporary approaches and the older, Aristotelian tradition.
He invented modern quantificational logic and developed the first fully axiomatic logic
system, which included a complete treatment of propositional and first-order logic and
represented the first treatment of higher-order logic.
- In the philosophy of mathematics, he was a fervent proponent of logicism, the theory that
mathematical truths are logical truths, and produced influential criticisms of opposing
viewpoints such as psychologism and formalism. His theory of meaning, particularly his
difference between the sense and reference of linguistic expressions, was revolutionary in
semantics and the philosophy of language. He had a significant and direct influence on
theorists such as Russell, Carnap, and Wittgenstein. Frege is frequently referred to as the
founder of modern logic, and he is also sometimes referred to as the founder of analytic
philosophy.
3. George Boole
- George Boole was an English philosopher, mathematician, and logician who contributed to
the development of modern symbolic logic and whose work influenced differential
equations, algebraic logic, and probability. George Boole established what is now known as
Boolean algebra in 1847. It is a theory of binary logic and arithmetic. Boolean algebra is a
type of binary algebra in which each statement can have just one of two values: true or false.
Boolean logic provides a formal language that enabled mathematicians to express precisely
and unambiguously the logic proposed by Aristotle.

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