The Ancient Civilization in Asia during 16th Century

b. Ancient Life
Lecture 12: Governance, Livelihood, Technology, Society

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Learning outcomes
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes The Ancient Civilization in Asia during 16th Century
Introduction

Ancient Life
At the end of this lecture, the learners should be able to:
Exercises

Discuss what is Governance, Livelihood, Technology and

Society

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Asia during 16th Century
Introduction
Learning outcomes
The Ancient Civilization in Asia during 16th Century
Introduction

Ancient Life
Western development may not be a model for the
Exercises developing world
The developing world cannot start with the Western
democratic model
The West has first mover advantages
In Britain and France, democracy came in stages, product of
centuries of development
American democracy a transplant from Europe
The West was not threatened by MNCs or predatory globalization
The West was allowed time to develop

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Development
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
A slow transitional process, interaction between economic and industrial
development
For Britain
Constitutionalism came first, then industrial development, then
transition to democracy, then further development

For France
Democratic ideals exploded in the 1789 revolution, constant battle
between religion and secularism
Philosophic and educational development in 19th Century
Path to democracy after Napoleon 3rd, the third republic in 1871

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
German and Japanese development
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes German [Prussia]
Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
Education came first
Scientific education, the university of Berlin 1807
Scientific education, the university of Berlin 1807
1834, secondary school system
After unification in 1871, great development of German
industry and commerce

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
German and Japanese development
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Japan
Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
High level of literacy in the Tokugawa era, Terakoya temple
schools for commoners, Hanko, schools for the bushi
Japan could absorb Western influences
1890-1910 rapid development of primary school education
Secondary schools and universities modeled on the German
system

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
What is required for development
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
Democracy does not come first, without the preconditions it
will hamper and prevent development.

Democracy without the preconditions will create an oligarchy

that will preserve it own position, little responsibility for the
education or welfare of others
it will cooperate with external economic interests, the
source of its prosperity
In globalization it means open markets and external control
of the economy

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
What is required for development
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises

Global and
Development
Regional National
(sustainability,
Governance Governance
inclusiveness)
Institutions

Developmental political authority and leadership Bureaucratic capacity Institutions

Rules and norms

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Political leadership
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Everything starts with leadership
Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
Non corrupt, educated and economically literate leadership
with a strong concept of the public good
To ensure stability, the management of conflict
To devise economic and industrial strategy
To control traditional vested and populist interests which
survive on corruption and rent seeking activity

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Sources of leadership
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life Confucian concepts of governance

Exercises
The benign authority
Concern for duty, norms and practices
Stress on education and promotion by examination
The responsibility of authority and power
The Hindu-Buddhist concept of the state
Literacy and education

Educational - Education is critical, receptiveness to

new ideas and the interests of others

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Political leadership
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life
Development demands foundational investment which only
Exercises can be ensured by the state
Public security and order is an investment, control of crime,
corruption, and disorder
The underpaid and uncontrolled police and military
When the police become the criminals
Public education is a major investment, when education
becomes privatized, only the oligarchy can benefit, the
result is that the rich poor gap is made wider
Education is not only a matter of literacy, but it provides the
technical and managerial skills necessary for development

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Bureaucratic capacity
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life
Effective bureaucratic capacity where competence and
Exercises merit are standards
Efficient economic bureaucracy is essential, economics,
industry, customs, taxation
Asian countries have a bureaucratic tradition, the impact of
Confucianism
The relationship between effective bureaucracy and
development success
The Prussian state and its bureaucracy, the foundation for
subsequent German development

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Bureaucratic capacity
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life
Education is not a private sector responsibility, State
Exercises investment in secondary and higher education is required
to improve the quality of the work force
Infra structure development, transport, roads and
railways, telecoms and internet, electricity and water
services, state banking and finance
Effective regulation
R & D costs beyond the capacity of individual companies,
require state investment.

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Development by bureaucracy
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life
When development is accelerated on the basis of effective
Exercises leadership and bureaucratic capacity alone
The Chinese model of development
The Japanese model of development
Stability and predictability to promote growth and
development, FDI-led growth can be assured
Can this model be sustained? Will they be compelled to
change to resolve present problems

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Institutions
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life
Institutions are organizations or groups bound by a
Exercises common idea, practice or belief
Economic or governance institutions constrain arbitrary
government and personal behaviour
Institutions are essential for the regulation of economic
activity, their existence is a result of government’ s
abnegation of control and willingness to allow autonomous
regulation
Governance institutions are operating functional economic
and regulatory bodies

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Institutions
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes Cultural/moral
Introduction

Ancient Life
Governance institutions clash with traditional family and
Exercises tribal loyalties, they must be promoted by the political
authority
Central bank, some degree of professional autonomy, the dangers
of political influence and control
Regulatory authorities over the banking and financial system
Audit and accounting bodies
Financial and capital markets, capacity for self regulation
Professional associations, accounting and legal

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Rules and norms
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life
Respect for the public goods, a concept central to the
Exercises developed world
When ministers are obligated only to tribe, kin and family?
When corruption is legitimized by traditional values?
A commitment to the public good entails,
a willingness to oversee transparency of the system,
to enforce rules and norms
and to exercise political will against obstructive vested interests
and corruption
Respect for public good as an accepted criterion for leadership

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Corruption
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life
Corruption as traditional behavior,
Exercises When leaders feel obliged to ensure opportunities for
children
When traditional values allow one to take something of
what is available
When traditional societies keep salaries of public
officials low, the police and the judiciary

Growth and development can expand opportunities for

corruption, which can provoke social and political
upheavals

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Civil Society
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life
Civil society as voluntary associations supported by
Exercises communitarian norms
Civil activity separate from the state and independent of
government
Interest groups, political parties social movements,
professional bodies, NGOs, trade unions, employers
groups, chambers of commerce
Civil society checks state power, it is essential for the
efficient operation of a democracy
It entails self management and responsibility for the
functioning of government

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Premature democratization
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life
Democracy as a political system implanted in society or
Exercises culture that is not prepared for the responsibilities
Populist leaders struggle with family based elites which
have economic power or control of regions
The appeal to populism wins elections.
Democracy can co-exist with low educational levels and
great poverty
Financial irresponsibility, weak public services
When corruption becomes a right, one of the perquisites of
high office

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Exercises
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes
Directions: True or False.
Introduction

Ancient Life
____________1. Education is not only a matter of literacy, but it
provides the technical and managerial skills necessary for
Exercises
development
____________2. Education is critical, receptiveness to new ideas
and the interests of others
____________3. The Prussian state and its bureaucracy, the
foundation for subsequent German development
____________4. Institutions are organizations or groups bound by a
common idea, practice or belief
____________5. Economic or governance institutions constrain
arbitrary government and personal behaviour

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Summary
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
Rather than promoting democracy politically
Focus upon economic growth and
development, which may create the demand for
institutions and norms Institutions allow self
regulation and internal response and
adjustment Institutions encourage responsibility
for one’s actions, their presence then fosters
the norms of civil society Institutional
development may conflict with populist
democracy, may be attacked as elitist

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 AP G07
The Ancient Civilization in
Summary
Asia during 16th Century
Learning outcomes

Introduction

Ancient Life

Exercises
Asia’s path of development may not bring
liberal democracy to all countries Variant
pluralist systems that will incorporate some
necessary institutions and rules of interaction
These variant models may survive and prosper,
they may be replicated in other parts of the
developing world Why Africa and the Arab world
should look at Asia Development comes first,
later transition to democrat pluralism can be
initiated.

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 The End
Lecture 12: Governance, Livelihood, Technology, Society

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