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Services of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal Volume 3 · June 2020 • Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN Print: 2508-0555 · ISSN Online: 2508-0563
Volume 3 · June 2020
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18868/cje.03.060120.02

Services of the Bureau of Jail Management

and Penology (BJMP): An Assessment
JHUN MARK S. PATLUNAG
http://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-1765-8653
mrjhunmarkpatlunag2015@gmail.com
College of Criminal Justice Education
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Gunning Fog Index: 13.89 Originality: 99% Grammar Check: 99%

Flesch Reading Ease: 36.74 Plagiarism: 1%

ABSTRACT

Corrections is one of the five pillars of the Criminal Justice System. The study aimed
to assess the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) towards the inmates of
the jails located in the Province of Agusan del Norte. The study used a descriptive
method of research. The survey was given to the 317 inmates. The findings revealed
that in the jails under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, the majority of
the inmates’ responses were slightly dissatisfied. In addition, the food budget of the
inmates in the province of Agusan del Norte is not sufficient to provide a complete
set of utensils and diet that would provide better nourishment to the inmates. The
regular doctor is also not available to provide the regular evaluation of the inmates’
physical and other conditions. The nurse personnel is available but can’t cater to all the
inmates’ needs towards emergency cases. Moreover, the Alternative learning system is
inaccessible because the budget for school supplies and reading materials is insufficient.
It was recommended that the National Government was comprised of the Executive,
Legislative, and Judiciary must provide the budget for the creation of additional courts,
appointed judges, public prosecutor, public lawyers, and Jail officers. The Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology administration should seek a plan and intervention
programs that enhance the Bureau’s current services.

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KEYWORDS

Criminal Justice Education, Criminology, Services, Jail Management, Penology,

Inmates, Descriptive method, Agusan del Norte, Philippines,

INTRODUCTION

The Philippine Corrections System comprises the government, civil society, and
the business sector involved in the confinement, correction, and restoration of persons
charged for and convicted of delinquent acts or crimes.
Hence, BJMP was created to address the mounting concern of jail management
and penology problem. As provided in R.A. No. 6975, the Jail Bureau is mandated to
take operational and administrative control over all city, district, and municipal jails.
In addition, there are major programs under the mandate of BJMP, and they are
the following: (1) inmates custody, security, and control program, (2) inmates welfare
and development program, (3) decongestion program, and (4) good governance. As
such, it shall ensure the establishment of secure, clean, adequately equipped sanitary
facilities; and ensure the provision of quality services for the custody, safekeeping,
rehabilitation, and development of the district, city, and municipal inmates, any
fugitive from justice (Sec. 4, BJMP Comprehensive Operations Manual 2015 Edition).
Its clients are detainees accused before a court who are temporarily confined in such
jails while undergoing investigation, waiting for final judgment and those who are
serving a sentence promulgated by the court less than 3 years/or transfer to the National
Penitentiary, and/or a violent mentally-ill person who endangers him/herself or the
safety of others as certified by the proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to
a mental institution.
Jails and prisons are correctional institutions of reformation and rehabilitation. It
serves as a shelter for education, socialization, moral recovery, and self-improvement.
Correctional institutions are under the supervision of the Department of Justice,
Bureau of Corrections. The district, city, and municipal jails are basically under the
Department of the Interior and Local Government, specifically under the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology.
Further, the populations are increasing, and it brings problems and issues for
jail and prison administrators. Catering the essential sustenance, needs, and facilities
for inmates are compromised. As a result, the implementation of policies and rules
were not well observed. The continuing problem jails and prisons face is the inmates’
physical conditions, such as overcrowded dormitories or cells; it poses health problems.
Inadequate prison facilities due to budgetary constraints contributed much to these
problems (Francisco, 2013). Thru this problem, the researcher intended to seek
responses to the delivery of different services.

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Jails are locally-operated correctional facilities that confine persons before or after
adjudication. Inmates sentenced to jail usually have a year or less sentence, but jails also
incarcerate persons (Beck, 1997).
Delivery of different services can be measured by assessing the satisfaction of the
inmates as to their quality of life. The quality of life is the degree of life that contributes
to satisfaction, contentment, and mental health benefits. Understanding their quality
of life is necessary to inform the Government, Jail Administrators, and the community
about the current state of the inmates. Measuring their satisfaction with their quality
of life could generate baseline data to create and design appropriate and efficient
rehabilitation programs (Araña et al.).
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology is also referred to as the Jail Bureau
(Sec. 60 to 65, Chapter V, RA No. 6975). The Bureau shall be headed by a Chief
with the rank of Director and appointed by the President upon the DILG Secretary’s
recommendation from among the qualified officers with the rank of at least Senior
Superintendent in the BJMP (RA 9263).
The second officer in command of the BJMP is the Deputy Chief for Administration,
the third officer in command is the Deputy Chief for Operations, and the fourth officer
in command is the Chief of the Directorial Staff. All of them carry the rank of Chief
Superintendent (RA 9263).
The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of the country’s
administrative regions, headed by a Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology,
with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent. The Regional Director is assisted by
an Assistant Regional Director for Administration, Assistant Regional Director for
Operations, and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff. They are all officers with the rank of
at least Superintendent. It also operates and maintains a Provincial Jail Administrator’s
Office headed by a Provincial Administrator to oversee the implementation of jail
services of all district, city, and municipal jails within its territorial jurisdiction (RA
9263).
Furthermore, the Jail Bureau is known as the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology and established City and Municipal Jail in the different municipalities and
cities around the country headed by a City or Municipal Warden Case. A District
Jail headed by a District Warden may be established within large cities or a group of
clustered municipalities.
It is well-known that only the Municipal, City and District Jails are within the
supervisory domain of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP).
Provincial Jails are under the direct administrative and operational supervision of
the local government. The provincial governor under the New Local Government Code
is the warden. The provisions of the Law provide that the provincial government shall
discharge such basic services and establish facilities that include the said jail (Sec.17,
R.A 7160).

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

It is with this that the Jail Bureau’s Adopt-a-jail program was formed. So this
program is meant to put the muse upon that to harness partnership, undertake concrete
steps, and draw definite plans, not just for the obligation of inmates but also for his or
her development and attainable transformation of law-abiding and productive members
of the community.
The idea that imprisonment should serve as a simple, gentle form of punishment
and rehabilitate the offender. Thus the researcher is interested in the study of services of
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. In dealing with rehabilitation, hereafter,
services delivered should be assessed. As a practicing Criminologist, the researcher
aims to impart additional knowledge to the Criminology students and the community
towards the province’s level of jails services. While a study could have been undertaken
regarding jail management, however, none of the researcher’s knowledge has been
undertaken about the management of jails in Agusan del Norte.

FRAMEWORK

This study was consequently anchored on Stamatis’s (2006) scheme, who held that
conveyance of services to the inmates must be timely, accurate with concern and courtesy.
This was supported by Reid (2010) in his statement that even the incarcerated inmates
have opportunities to better their lives while they are in the institution. Inmates are free
to participate in some programs ranging from different services (Francisco, 2012). The
study’s objective aimed to assess the different services provided by the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology in the Province of Agusan del Norte.
For this study, the independent variables deal with the respondents’ profile regarding
age, gender, civil status, religion, educational attainment, crime committed, and length
of confinement. The dependent variables deal with assessing the services in the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology regarding food services, health services, livelihood
services, educational services, sports, recreational services, visitation services, paralegal
services, and religious services. Lastly, the a significant difference in the services from
two (2) jails under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology administration in
Agusan del Norte.
Age was used as a variable of this study because attitudes change from infancy
to adulthood (Sroufe, 2009). Gender played an essential role in this study that the
researcher may find out whether or not the services given vary as to gender. The Civil
status was used as a variable and aimed to identify, so the married person’s services will
be realized. Religion was also identified to assess the different services jail provides in
different religious sectors (Plopinio & Barreda, 2016).
Also, educational attainment, crime committed, and length of confinement
were identified to assess the educational services, the different crimes committed
by the inmates, and the length of confinement to validate the duration of services
implementation (McClellan & Farabee, 2001).

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As to the dependent variables, delivery of services was aimed to assess the following:
food regarding nutritional content, abundance, and quality of the food served; treatment
of illness suffered by the inmates and availability of the services. Health services included
programs and activities were provided to the inmates in jail, such as medical services,
cleanliness, and health-related programs or materials provided by the jail to the inmates.
Livelihood services embraced the productivity of viable livelihood projects through
cost-saving measures, search for a better market, increased yield or production, and
quality enhancement. Educational Services include the ongoing education of prisoners
to be facilitated and schooling of illiterates and youthful prisoners.
Further, sports and recreational services comprise the programs and activities
provided to the inmates in jail like sports activities or activities for development,
education, rehabilitation, and leisure. Visitation services, communication covered in
receiving and sending letters to the inmates, and visitation of relatives. Family, relatives,
and friends have the essential services for married and single inmates; it also involved
conjugal visitation. Paralegal services the tasks undertaken by a BJMP personnel whose
primary function is to help the inmates manage their cases filed in courts and other
interrelated agencies that have jurisdiction over them.
Lastly, religious services have involved the assessment of worshiping services and
facilities that will improve or strengthen one’s faith that may affect the inmate’s moral
rehabilitation (O’Connor & Perreyclear, 2002). The concepts and the variables of the
studies are illustrated in the schematic diagram. Thus, the independent variables affect
the dependent variables.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study was aimed to assess the services of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) towards the inmates of the jails located in the Province of Agusan del
Norte.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The study used a descriptive method of research because the study aimed to obtain
the data that accurately and meaningfully described the jails’ services under the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). As widely accepted, the descriptive method
of research is a fact-finding study that involved satisfactory and precise interpretation of
results. The descriptive research defined a definite current condition. The method was
appropriate for this study since it aimed to delineate the present services of the different
jails under the jail bureau in the province of Agusan del research method was apt in
this study because it enabled the researcher in the formulation of broad view as to the
respondents’ perceptions as to the extent of delivery of essential services.

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

The research instrument that was used in this study was based on the operating
manual of the BJMP (2015) together with the studies of Bordo (2006); Cay-as (2006),
and Francisco (2013). The survey is given to male and female inmates detained in
Butuan City Jail and Cabadbaran City District Jail.

Research Locale
The study was conducted at the two (2) different jails under the administration and
superintendence of the Bureau of Jail Management and penology within the Province
of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The following facilities were (1) Butuan City Jail that
caters to male and female inmates at Brgy. Libertad, Butuan City and cater for various
inmates from the municipality of Carmen to Butuan City, (2) Cabadbaran City District
Jail located at FC Dagani Ave., Brgy. 5, Cabadbaran City that catered male inmates
from the municipality of Kitcharao to the municipality of Remedios T. Romualdez
(RTR)

Source of Data and Respondents of the Study

The study respondents were the 317 inmates of the Butuan City Jail and
Cabadbaran City District Jail, both under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
administration. The researchers used stratified random sampling.

Table 1. Population of Inmate Respondents

Population Percentage Sample Size
N % n
Butuan City Jail (Male
1,054 68.8 218
Dorm)

Butuan City Jail

139 9.07 29
(Female Dorm)

Cabadbaran City District Jail 338 22.08 70

Total 1,531 100 317

Data Gathering Techniques

The researcher first submitted a request letter to the Regional Office of the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology, located at 3F Rudy Tiu Bldg., AD Curato St.,
Butuan City. The letter stated that the researcher is asking permission for a survey to be
conducted on Butuan City Jail and Cabadbaran City District Jail. The inmates are the
research respondents of the said study.
Further, citing the letter approved by the Regional Director of Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology CARAGA Region XIII to conduct the study on the said

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facilities. The researcher consulted the jail warden of Butuan City Jail and Cabadbaran
City District Jail for the possible schedule of data gathering.
Upon approval of the request, the researcher identified the respondents according
to gender using Slovin’s formula.
The survey was given to the 317 inmates, composed of 218 male respondents and
29 female respondents from Butuan City Jail Male and Female Dorms. Another 70
male respondents from the Cabadbaran City District Jail.
When the respondents were already identified, and orientation was scheduled
regarding the instructions in answering the questionnaire and retrieved by the researcher
with the jail personnel’s help.

Statistical Tools Used

The collected data are summarized, tabulated, and analyzed using the following
statistical tools frequency and percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation, and
T-test and One-way ANOVA Test.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2. Summary on the Services of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Weighted Mean SD Verbal Description

Services
Food Services 2.29 Slightly dissatisfied
Health Services 2.27 Slightly dissatisfied
Livelihood Services 2.41 Slightly dissatisfied
Educational Services 2.47 Slightly dissatisfied
Sports & Recreational Services 2.44 Slightly dissatisfied
Visitation Services 2.6 Satisfied
Paralegal Services 2.4 Slightly dissatisfied
Religious Services 2.75 Satisfied
Total Average Mean 2.45 0.16 Slightly dissatisfied

Table 2 shows a summary of the Services of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology. The Bureau’s overall weighted mean of the different services in the province
of Agusan del Norte. Food Services has an average weighted mean of 2.29 with a verbal
description of Slightly dissatisfied; Health Services an average weighted mean of 2.27
with a verbal description of slightly dissatisfied; Livelihood services an average weighted
mean of 2.41 with a verbal description of slightly dissatisfied; Educational Services an
average weighted mean of 2.47 with a verbal description of slightly dissatisfied; Sports
& Recreational Services an average weighted mean of 2.44 with a verbal description of

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

slightly dissatisfied; Visitation Services an average weighted mean of 2.6 with a verbal
description of satisfied; Paralegal services an average weighted mean of 2.4 with a verbal
description of slightly dissatisfied; Religious services have an average weighted mean
of 2.75 with a verbal description of satisfied. The overall average mean of the services
being provided by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is 2.45 with
a verbal description of slightly dissatisfied. Therefore, Religious Services has the highest
average weighted mean, and the Health Services received the lowest average weighted
mean. This implies that the inmates are not satisfied with the medical services provided
one of its causes is the lack of financial budget. It needs programs that will enhance the
delivery of the health services in the bureau.

Table 3. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of Age
Test Statistics Decision
Jail Services ANOVA
SD p value ∝
Food 0.22 0.10 Accept Ho.1
Health 0.27 0.06 Accept Ho.1
Livelihood 0.12 0.09 Accept Ho.1
0.05
Educational 0.14 0.36 Accept Ho.1
Sport & Recreational 0.10 0.06 Accept Ho.1
Visitation 0.13 0.03 Reject Ho.1
Paralegal 0.09 0.23 Accept Ho.1
Religious 0.35 0.00 Reject Ho.1

Table 3 shows the significant difference in jails’ services under the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of Age.
The overall result, the computed p-value is higher than the significance level of 0.05,
thus on food, health, livelihood, educational, sports & recreational, paralegal services.
Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted, and no significant difference between the groups.
Although the computed p-value is lesser than the significance level of 0.05 in terms
of visitation and religious services, the null hypothesis is rejected. It indicates that the
inmate’s respondent’s age bracket has varied perceptions of the jails’ different services
under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the Province of Agusan del
Norte. This pertains to that person of different ages have different needs. Older prisoners
have distinct social and custodial needs (Hayes, Burns, Turnbull, & Shaw, 2013).

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Table 4. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of gender
Test Statistics Decision
Jail Services T-Test
SD p ∝
value
Food 0.11 0.37 Accept null hypothesis
Health 0.02 0.9 Accept null hypothesis
Livelihood 0.16 0.14 Accept null hypothesis
0.05
Educational 0.12 0.33 Accept null hypothesis
Sport & Recreational 0.30 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Visitation 0.42 0 Reject null hypothesis
Paralegal 0.16 0.13 Accept null hypothesis
Religious 0.01 0.84 Accept null hypothesis

Table 4 reveals the significant difference in jails’ services under the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in Agusan del Norte’s province when grouped in
terms of gender.
In the overall result, the t-test computed the p-value for food services (0.37), health
(0.9), livelihood (0.14), educational (0.33), paralegal (0.13), and religious services
(0.84) is higher than the significance level of 0.05 thus the null hypothesis is accepted.
Although the t-test computed the p-value for sport and recreational (0.00),
Visitation (0.00) is lesser than the significance level of 0.05. Thus, the hypothesis in
the mentioned services should be rejected. There is a significant difference in the sport
and recreational visitation services in the jails under the Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology in Agusan del Norte’s province. This would mean that in terms of inmate
respondents, regardless of their gender, the different services have a different perception
as provided by the bureau. Thus, males and females have different perceptions of the
different services given. One reason females are less violent, more likely to be serving
time for drug or property offenses than their male counterparts (Holtzworth-Munroe,
2000).

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

Table 5. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of civil status
Test Statistics Decision
Jail Services ANOVA
SD p ∝
value
Food 0.16 0.07 Accept null hypothesis
Health 0.21 0.01 Reject null hypothesis
Livelihood 0.27 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
0.05
Educational 0.30 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Sport & Recreational 0.28 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Visitation 0.37 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Paralegal 0.18 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Religious 0.44 0.00 Reject null hypothesis

Table 5 shows the ANOVA test result computed the p-value for food services (0.07)
is higher than the significant level of 0.05. Thus, the food services hypothesis is accepted
and concludes that there is no significant difference in jails’ services perceived by the
civil status.
On the other hand, the ANOVA test result computed the p-value for health,
livelihood, educational, sport & recreational, visitation, paralegal, and religious services,
which is lesser than the significant level; thus, the hypothesis is rejected a significant
difference. This would mean that the inmate respondents’ civil status has a different
perception of the bureau’s services. Married prisoner has the other need as to the
bureau’s services, specifically in the visitation services. Married inmates should be given
the privileges of a conjugal visit as part of their rehabilitation. On the other hand, single,
widows, and separated had different perceptions and needed with the conjugal visit,
same as to the other services like health, livelihood, educational, sport & recreational,
paralegal, and religious services of the bureau.

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Table 6. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of religion
Test Statistics Decision
Jail Services ANOVA
SD p value ∝
Food 0.54 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Health 0.15 0.41 Accept null hypothesis
Livelihood 0.09 0.96 Accept null hypothesis
0.05
Educational 0.12 0.56 Accept null hypothesis
Sport & Recreational 0.13 0.32 Accept null hypothesis
Visitation 0.14 0.32 Accept null hypothesis
Paralegal 0.57 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Religious 0.55 0.00 Reject null hypothesis

Table 6 shows the significant difference in the services of jails under the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when
grouped in terms of religion.
On the overall result of the ANOVA test, the computed p-value for health
(0.41), livelihood (0.96), educational (0.56), sport & recreational (0.32), visitation
services (0.32) is higher than the significant level of 0.05; thus the null hypothesis is
accepted and that there is no significant difference in the services in the jails under the
bureau.
Although, in terms of food (0.00), Paralegal (0.00), and Religious Services (0.00),
the p-value is lesser than the significant level of 0.05; thus, the null hypothesis is rejected
and that there is a significant difference in the food, paralegal and religious services in
the jail under the bureau in the province of Agusan del Norte. This would mean that
regardless of the inmate respondents’ religion, respondents have a different perception
of the bureau’s services. Muslim inmates have a different insight towards the food served
in jails rather than Christian and Catholic inmates (Ammar, Weaver, & Saxon, 2004)
and other services. The result found a significant difference between religion and jail
services provided by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.

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Table 7. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of educational attainment
Test Statistics Decision
ANOVA
Jail Services
p
SD ∝
value
Food 0.24 0.15 Accept null hypothesis
Health 0.22 0.32 Accept null hypothesis
Livelihood 0.10 0.73 Accept null hypothesis
Educational 0.17 0.42 Accept null hypothesis
Sport & Recreational 0.16 0.13 Accept null hypothesis
0.05
Visitation 0.13 0.31 Accept null hypothesis
Paralegal 0.24 0.00 Reject null hypothesis
Religious 0.21 0.04 Reject null hypothesis

Table 7 displays the significant Difference in jails’ services under the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of educational attainment.
On the overall result, the ANOVA test results the computed p-value for food
(0.15), Health (0.32), livelihood (0.73), educational (0.42), sport & recreational (0.13),
visitation (0.31) is higher than the significant level of 0.05 thus the null hypothesis
is accepted and that there is no significant difference in the services of jail under the
bureau into the stated services.
Although, in terms of the ANOVA test result, the computed p-value for Paralegal
(0.00) and religious services (0.04) is lesser than the significant level of 0.05; thus, the
hypothesis in the stated services is rejected and that there is a significant difference in
the services of jail in terms of paralegal and religious services.
This would mean that regardless of the inmate respondents’ educational attainment,
they have the same perception towards food, health, livelihood, educational, sports &
recreational, visitation. On the other hand, paralegal and religious inmates have different
perceptions of the services of the bureau. This concerns that unschooled inmates need
aid towards understanding different services (Lochner & Moretti, 2004).

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Table 8. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of crime committed
Test Statistics Decision
Jail Services T-Test
SD p ∝
value
Food 0.18 0.07 Accept null hypothesis
Health 0.13 0.32 Accept null hypothesis
Livelihood 0.16 0.11 Accept null hypothesis
0.05
Educational 0.07 0.57 Accept null hypothesis
Sport & Recreational 0.03 0.64 Accept null hypothesis
Visitation 0.03 0.71 Accept null hypothesis
Paralegal 0.8 0.27 Accept null hypothesis
Religious 0.06 0.34 Accept null hypothesis

Table 8 shows the significant difference in jails’ services under the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of crime committed.
On the overall result, the T-test result that the computed p-value for food (0.07),
health (0.32), livelihood (0.11), educational (0.57), sport & recreational (0.64),
visitation (0.71), paralegal (0.27), religious services (0.34) is higher than the significant
level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypotheses are accepted, and there is no significant
difference in the jails’ services under the bureau. This would mean that in terms of inmate
respondents, irrespective of their crime committed, they have the same perception of
the services provided by the bureau. This pertains that the Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology towards providing services convey without discrimination as to the crime
committed by the inmate respondents.

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

Table 9. Test Results of Significant Difference in the services of jails under Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) in the province of Agusan del Norte when grouped
in terms of length of confinement
Test Statistics Decision
Jail Services T-Test
SD p ∝
value
Food 0.12 0.48 Accept null hypothesis
Health 0.14 0.34 Accept null hypothesis
Livelihood 0.77 0.51 Accept null hypothesis
0.05
Educational 0.11 0.39 Accept null hypothesis
Sport & Recreational 0.12 0.10 Accept null hypothesis
Visitation 0.17 0.10 Accept null hypothesis
Paralegal 0.10 0.39 Accept null hypothesis
Religious 0.12 0.33 Accept null hypothesis

Table 9 shows the computed p-value for food (0.48), health (0.34), livelihood
(0.51), educational (0.39), sport and recreational (0.10), visitation (0.10), paralegal
(0.39), Religious services (0.33) is higher than the significant level of 0.05. Therefore,
the null hypothesis is accepted, and there is no significant difference in the jails’ services
under the bureau in the province. This would mean that the jails’ services are equally
implemented regardless of the length of confinement of the inmate respondents.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the study’s findings, the following conclusions were drawn: the level of the
services provided by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology towards its inmates is
rated satisfied or slightly satisfied. These are by the assessment of the inmates of the jails.
1. The food budget of the inmates in Agusan del Norte’s province is not sufficient
to provide a complete set of utensils and diet that would provide better nourish-
ment to the inmates.
2. The jails under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology have no sufficient
budget for allocating medicines. That regular doctor cannot provide the regular
evaluation of the inmates’ physical and other conditions. That nurse personnel
is available but can’t cater to all the inmates’ needs towards emergency cases.
3. That budget for raw materials is insufficient for existing livelihood projects for
inmates that inmates are dependent on the donations from the volunteer, pri-
vate individuals, and non-government organization.

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4. The Alternative learning system is inaccessible because the budget for school
supplies and reading materials are insufficient. TESDA vocational courses are
limited, given the number of scholarship slots allocated by the TESDA.
5. The jails under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in Agusan del
Norte province have insufficient time for recreational activities and not suffi-
cient budget for inmates’ birthday, Christmas, and New Year celebration.
6. The jails under the bureau have minimal time allocated for accepting visitors for
the inmates.
7. That inmate is not updated on their case status with the help of a paralegal of-
ficer.
8. The jail facilities in the province under the bureau are partaking in religious
activities for offenders, counseling, spiritual guidance, and rehabilitation.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Having the outcome of the study as the basis, the following recommendations were
formulated:
1. To the National, the Government, was comprised of the Executive, Legislative,
and Judiciary must provide the budget for the creation of additional courts, ap-
pointed judges, public prosecutor, public lawyers, and Jail officers. That would
cater to the inmates’ legal needs under the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology in the Province of Agusan del Norte. In this concept, the congestion
problem of the jails would be relieved.
2. The Philippine Congress must allocate a budget to sustain and render addi-
tional programs for rehabilitating the inmates. A budget for inmates’ food,
health, and medication, livelihood programs, aims to rehabilitate the inmates
to be socially responsible and law-abiding people in the community.
3. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology’s administration to seek for plan
and intervention programs that enhance the current services provided by the
bureau. To hire additional regular doctors and nurses to conduct regular check-
ups and monitor the inmates’ physical and health status. The hiring or pro-
motion of additional paralegal officers to update the inmates into their case
status. Enhance the coordination and support from other government and
non-government agencies towards the success of current and future programs
to benefit the inmates.
4. To the Officials of Local Government of Butuan and Cabadbaran City in
CARAGA Region XIII. The new facilities, especially in the female dorm in
the Butuan City Jail, are exclusive for female inmates. Also, for the reloca-
tion of Cabadbaran City District Jail for wider and ideal location sites and
establish recreational facilities, like the basketball court, volleyball court, and
other facilities like worship, function hall, etc. The creation of city ordinance

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SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

for collecting unsold processed foods from the fast-food establishment within
the Butuan City and Cabadbaran City. Provided that the processed foods must
be checked appropriately by the Food Service Specialist of the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology before distributing them to the inmates.
5. To the community, for the inmates to be well rehabilitated, the services be-
ing provided should also be improved, in this case, the community should:
volunteer or organize outreach programs that may benefit the inmates, help in
the lessening of the commission of a crime to decongest crowded correctional
institutions and help inmates or former convicts start a new life.
6. To the Philippine Medical Association National and CARAGA Region Chap-
ter, as per professional development and community involvement. The re-
searcher recommends creating a program towards jail immersion of the mem-
ber doctors for a minimum of 2 - 3 hours for a month to cater to a regular
checkup for the inmates in jails.
7. To the Integrated Bar of the Philippines National and CARAGA Region Chap-
ter, as the community’s responsible professional. The researcher recommends
creating a program towards jail immersion of the member lawyer for a mini-
mum of 2-3 hours for a month to cater to the inmates’ legal needs, together
with Universities offering College of Law or the formulation of the Internship
program of graduating law student to cater and supplement of the needs of
para-legal services of the bureau.
8. To the inmates’ families, they should have regular visits to their relatives, coop-
erate with the jail’s rehabilitation programs and institutional rules, and help the
jail administration provide the inmate’s needs.
9. Future researchers should conduct similar studies in the other provinces of
CARAGA Region XIII that are more comprehensive and intensive in focus.

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