BACHELOR OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

SEMESTER 10 / 2021

BBGO4103

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

MATRICULATION NO : 940814055378001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 940814-05-5378
TELEPHONE NO. : 010-2713560
E-MAIL : thenu1494@oum.edu.my
LEARNING CENTRE : NEGERI SEMBILAN
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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE
1.0 Introduction………...…………………………………...……………………………………… 2

2.0 Team, Leadership and Communication………………...……………………………………. 3 - 12

2.1 Team
2.1.1 Definition of Team
2.1.2 Event of Team
2.1.3 Analysis of Factor from the Event
2.2 Leadership
2.2.1 Definition of Leadership
2.2.2 Event of Leadership
2.2.3 Analysis of Factor from the Event
2.3 Communication
2.3.1 Definition of Communication
2.3.2 Event of Communication
2.3.3 Analysis of Factor from the Event
3.0 Suggestion……………………………………………………………………………………… 13 - 14
4.0 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………........ 15
Reference

1.0 INTRODUCTION

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Due to the current coronavirus pandemic, employee engagement may have decreased, it could also
affect company productivity, but it is one of the most important initiatives to stay on the front line to
prosper through effective employee engagement in home. The COVID-19 pandemic has
dramatically changed the way we work, communicate and socialize and challenged us to make
significant changes on an extraordinary scale in just a few days. Social distancing guidelines issued
by our respective governments and public health officials have resulted in school and business
closures that have unsettled many of us and faced the scale of unprecedented change. Learning
online and working from home are ways to instil a little normalcy in many, but others may not be so
lucky. In some industries, such as manufacturing and hospitality, we cannot work online or from
home unless business is deemed essential. Some workers have lost their jobs due to the pandemic.
Moreover, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are far-reaching and have posed enormous
challenges to workers, organizations, communities, nations and the world at large. People were
forced to stay in their homes as a preventive measure to contain the spread of the virus. The
economy stalled when manufacturing restricted production and the service industry relied on a work
from home model to maintain business continuity. Work from home or virtual installation,
especially in the service industry. Employees became more flexible and saved their travel time,
leading to higher productivity. Employers initially made significant investments to support work
from home for all their employees, but later saved huge costs, those of real estate and travel. The
new labour regulations also brought some effects on organisational performance such as lack of
teamwork, leadership and communication. Furthermore, every company must have superior and
competitive human resource management to do a good job. The role is vital because by performing
well and maximizing their potential, managers also control the talents, skills and efforts of various
other people working in their field. Organisational performance requires the manager’s role in
conducting a variety of business activities to achieve business objectives. However, this does not
mean that the role of subordinates in evaluating executive performance is unnecessary. They also
play a very important role in evaluating the performance of executives, since they are the executors
of the company’s activities.

2.1 Team

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2.1.1 Definition Of Team

In today’s corporate organizations, the importance of team and the tasks they perform can never be
overstated as they play a vital role in ensuring productivity, survival, and achievement of established
and evolving goals and objectives of the organization. In fact, no organization can achieve a going
concern if management does not allow teams to exist in its organization. Teams are the foundation
of the human resources of any organization and also no organization can operate successfully in our
highly competitive and dynamic environment without the commitment of the organization’s teams.
Teams are created through regular interactions between individual members who see themselves as
interdependent with respect to goal achievement (Baridam & Nwibere, 2008). In any organization,
the presence and type of teams that are active in the organization are of great importance for
management, since the fulfillment of works tasks, the success of projects and the global operation of
any company depend on the organization, as teams are generally formed to achieve specific
objectives. Why do we say group instead of teams? A collection of people is not a team, though they
may learn to function in that way. A team is a cohesive coalition of people working together to
achieve mutual goals. Being on a team does not equate to a total suppression of personal agendas,
but it does require a commitment to the vision and involves each individuals working toward
accomplishing the team’s objective. Teams differ from other types of groups in that members are
focused on a joint goal or product, such as presentation, discussing a topic, writing a report, creating
a new design or prototype. Furthermore, teams are also defined by their relatively smaller size. For
instance, by definition, “a team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are
committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and focus for which they are mutually
responsible” (Katzenbach & Smith, 1993). One of the most important characteristics of a real team
is collaborative action, in which teams have collaborative tasks in addition to a common goal. In
contrast, individuals in a team are only responsible for their own area. They also share the rewards
for strong team performance with their compensation based on mutual results. Compensation to
individuals should be based primarily on a collective result, not on individual performance.
Members are also willing to make sacrifices for the common good, and people give up scarce
resources for the common good rather than compete for those resources. On soccer and basketball
teams, for instance, individuals actively help each other, give up their own scoring opportunities in
passing games, and win or lose together as a team.

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The use of teams also increased as advance in technology resulted in more complex systems that
required the participation of multiple people throughout the organization. In general, team-based
organizations are more motivated and engaged and teams can often accomplish more than
individuals (CanonBowers & Salas, 2001). Therefore, it is not surprising that companies rely more
and more on computers. It is important to remember that teams are not a panacea for companies. To
determine whether a team is needed, organizations must consider whether a variety of knowledge,
skills and abilities is required, whether ideas and feedback are needed from different teams within
the organization, how interdependent the task are, whether extensive collaboration is required to get
things done and whether the organization would benefit from common goals (Rees, 1997). If the
answer to answer to these questions is yes, one or more teams may make sense. Studies show, for
example, that the more team members perceive the results as interdependent, the better they
exchange information and the better they are (De Dreu, 2007).

2.1.2 Event Of Team

During the pandemic, accounting team requested to work from home and the company needs
monthly report due to Audit purpose, then the responsibilities regarding accounting occurs.

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Accounting team work together to come out with final report. Centrio Company has 3 people in
charge to conduct this final report. During the work from home, person A, started to prepare all the
monthly bills and reassembles the latest bills to the person C to complete the report. When it comes
to person B, he needs to collect the important documents from customers, and he fails to do so,
Person B do not collect and contact customers from home, and he also never discuss with his team
members regarding this issue. End of the month, person C have not completed the task given, when
this problem is find out by the team members they discuss and make some discussion and come to
some work changes and finally they submit report on time.

2.1.3 Analysis Of Factors From The Event

A factor that we can analysis from the event is commitment to team success and shared goals.
According to case study above, the team work comes in the end of duty, when Person B facing
difficulties on a job, the team members actually lead a hand to make the task successful.

2.2 Leadership

2.2.1 Definitions Of Leadership

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A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to
achieve a common goal. Leadership is one of the most discussed topics in business administration,
social psychology and organizational psychology (Pfeiffer 1993). Despite the depth and breadth of
the debate on leadership effectiveness, it remains an elusive construct. As a result, researchers and
practitioners have failed to reach consensus on a precise and concise definition that accurately
describes effective leadership in all situations and opportunities. Leadership is one of the most
effective concepts and is well defined as “treat people with courtesy, respect and dignity and
therefore create a strong role model for others. Building a reputation for fairness provides you with
a buffer against times when politics is wrong or misbehaved Gratton (2000:206). According to
Nathan F. lannone, leadership can be seen as the art of influencing, directing, guiding and control
others in such a way that they earn your willing obedience, trust, respect and sincere cooperation in
achieving a goal. Leadership is about the future and how I can take advantage of group guidance.
According to Jago (1982), quality and qualification, good leaders are not born, but are made from
the ionic influenza of training and self-evaluation, developing skills through the improvisation of
others. The ability of the natural person is also evaluated as a measure of how one “speak in her
language”. The fascination with leadership is much greater relative to the charismatic leader.
Leadership according to this charismatic model is really focused on vision and ability and
talents are born naturally and are also known as a gift.

According to Priest & Gass (2017), the concept of effective leadership is a kind of art. It does the
job of motivating an individual or an entire group to make the right decision to achieve the main
goal. In the case, the goal remains common for all team members. The focus continues to ne on
achieving the objectives in the given time and using the resources in the best possible way, keeping
waste to a minimum and achieving sustainability in the organization. Moreover, leadership as an
action that focuses on making the organization’s vision a reality and considers it a top priority.
Emphasizes the creation of a positive, sustainable, motivating and encouraging culture for
employees by executives. The author also mentioned that good leaders are always kind and
responsible. Good leaders always lead people to expand. Always boost employee morale in any
situation and build good relationships. Do not hesitate and move on, always attentive to the
objectives set and always seeing the best panorama. They always worry about a lot of things, like
they care about both the team and the organization, and great leaders don’t give up. The resulting

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knowledge base is extraordinary deep and broad, providing the scientists and practitioners with an
enormous variety of concept and knowledge that can guide both research and day to day leadership
activities. Despite this broad knowledge base, there are still many puzzles and questions about how
managers create, maintain and use organizational structure and processes for their work. Although
there is a dynamic area of mathematical sociology that uses statistical concepts very similar to those
of chemistry and molecular physics, there does not seem to be any similar literature in psychology
that relates these statistical concepts to the processes and functions in link brings leadership of von
and how executives build, maintain, and use organizational structure.

Moreover, leadership is a process by which a leader can guide, guide and influence the behavior and
work of others to achieve certain goals in a certain situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager
to lead his subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. Leadership is the potential to influence
the behavior of others. It is also defined as the ability to influence a group towards the achievement
of a goal. Leaders have to develop visions of the future and motivate members of the organization to
want to achieve the visions. According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to convince others
to passionate about the pursuit of defined goals. It is the human factor that holds a group together
and motivates it to achieve its goals.

2.2.2 Event Of Leadership

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Employees are treated as the most important asset in an organization. In particular, leaders have an
important task to make financial sustainable, in addition to protecting and maintaining them. Since
the COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world has expanded. This pandemic not only affected the
health crisis, but also affected social life, national security, economic activity, and changes in the
working culture of organization causing socio-economic reactions. However, in this pandemic,
leaders also have to confront unexpected changes in the social and economic crisis; to master those
situations, leadership is required. In these difficult times, leaders need to make decisions quickly, to
stop production or work remotely, retain the mission and DNA of organization, collaborate with
ecosystems, customers and employees, as per Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and people’s basic
necessities, encounter the uncertainty of the situation personally while directing their team and
organization through it as leaders. Hence, many policies resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic
will directly affect leadership in organizations, since leaders are navigators of teams or
organizations. For example, many countries have implemented home-based strategies, along with
physical distance, 14 days of self-quarantine, border closures, and other methods being considered
to mitigate the epidemic of COVID-19. These policies have an impact on the trust and relationship
among employees, which are required for organizational leadership as a basis of working social
networks. Work from home caused a lack of trust between the manager and the employee because
the manager did not allow the employee to work remotely. Thereby, managers try to control and
monitor employees more closely than they did before COVID-19, and this leads employees to feel
uncomfortable and have negative feelings about their managers. Commanding and controlling
leadership without consultation or collaboration damages collaborative working and team
relationship. The trust deficiency leads to a negative outcome of organizational performance.
Consequently, the trust between each member in organizations can encourage a positive relationship
that brings about the good performance of organizations.
Leaders encourage employee behavior in organizations through trust. When employees sense that
they are trusted, they will likely have greater concern for their individual work. The character and
behavior of leadership motivates employees to trust their leader. However, the relationship of
manager and employee aims to maintain trust, morale and commitment to create a productive and
safe work environment. Moreover, the positive organizational relationships of employee contribute
to the success of corporate goals and promote employee effectiveness. Therefore, the workplace is
the center of connection and support for employees and leaders in the lives of many people, so a

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positive social relationship is needed. There were two major types of relationships the communal
relationship and social exchange relationship are involved in social relationships. Authentic
relationship has a positive association with employees’ communal relationship, since a communal
relationship shows care and concern with other welfare. A social exchange relationship can
encourage that supports objectives of organizations because a s social exchange relationship has a
positive association with job performance and organizational citizenship. Similarly, the leader-
member exchange relationship positively relates to workplace friendship, and the workplace
friendship positively relates to the team-member exchange relationship. Therefore, workplace
friendship refers to team-member commutation relations and mediates leader-member
commutations relations or team-member commutations relations. In addition, both relationships can
influence people’s attitudes towards helping people through a mixture of social, intrinsic, and
extrinsic.

2.2.3 Analysis Of Factors From The Event

There are several factors from leadership events at the organizations based on trust, communal
relationship and social exchange relationship. Relationship between trust and social exchange
relationship, the association between communal relationships and leadership in organizations before
and after influenced by COVID-19 factors and the association of social exchange relationship and
leadership in organizations before and after influenced by COVID-19 factors.

2.3 Communication

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2.3.1 Definition Of Communication

Organizational communication becomes important and fundamental in relation to the interaction
between individuals within the organization. Communication within the organization becomes
important to create a common understanding of the information that is presented to each other. Also,
communication can create satisfaction for the people who do it. Business, social and personal
satisfaction depends on the ability of a person to communicate clearly with others, their work, their
desires and their beliefs. Communication, according to Thoha, is the process of transmitting and
receiving messages or information from someone to another. From the descriptive above, the way
conveys intention is to formulate the communication as behavior, actions or activities by providing
symbols that contain meaning. Communication within the organization becomes important create a
common understanding of the information that is presented to others. Communication can generate
satisfaction and use this communication as a process used by human to seek common sense through
the transmission of symbolic messages. In addition, Stoner points out that the term communication
encompasses three important points namely that communication involves people and that
understanding communication includes trying to understand the way in that people are connected
between; communication has the same meaning, in the sense that people must agree on the
definition of the term they are using on order to communicate and that communication which
includes symbols be it body, voice, letter, number and words, can only represented or approximate
the idea that is intended to be communicated. According to Robbins, establishes that communication
is a transmission of meaning and the understanding of meaning to others in the form of symbols or
certain languages so that the people who receive information understand the purpose on the
information different from them.

Communication is also a passage between a source and a receiver that translates into a transmission
and understanding using the same characters. Communication is the glue that holds the organization
together. It helps the members of the organization to achieve both individual and organizational
goals, implemented and respond to organizational changes, coordinate activities and interact with
virtually any behavior that is relevant to the organization. If the effectiveness of organizational
communication is less effective that it should be, then the organization is not as effective as it
should be. The organization as an open system can be seen as a homogeneous culture and as a

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heterogeneous culture. Homogeneous culture emphasizes specialized culture and corporate culture,
which together represent a long-term commitment to organizational progress. While heterogenous
culture is formed and developed by subcultures that grow in different units within an organization.
The organization is a unit or association of persons or parties in which there is a cooperative activity
based on rules to achieve common objectives. The communication shows the connection to
implementation of the organization. Communication within an organization can take the form of
written or spoken words or symbols that determine behavior changes within the organization, both
between managers and among employees involved in the provision or exchange of information. In
particular, the communication activities of the organization can be interpreted in three ways which
is operative internal or communication organization within an organization, external operative
which is the communication structure within the organization that focuses on achieving the work
goals of people and groups outside the organization and the third one is personal that is any change
in information and feelings experienced by people at any time.

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2.3.2 Event Of Communication

Barry is 28 years old manager in a security firm; Barry is responsible to supervising and managing
all the employees and guards. Guards which is work with the firm is range of age 18 to 55 years old,
in addition the guards comes from diverse cultural and ethnic background. For many years, English
is not their primary language. Due to pandemic, the management has made a new daily routine to
the operation and this lead to Barry has to come out with new time and date for the operation. In this
time, Barry will not meet the guards’ daily basis and have to appoint a leader for the guards. He
appoints Ali has team leader to bring the daily task and messages to the guards in daily basis. One
day, Barry comes to know that there is a complain regarding the guards from the clients claiming
that the guards are not in duties in the premises. In that time, Barry facing some personal problems
so he immediately called Ali and shouted at him and Ali also has been sending a letter of warning
for not conducting the job given by Barry. Barry was so stress and lead for more problems with
guards working time, and this lead management to called and advised Barry to be more responsible,
the problem lead to some of the clients cancelled their service contract with the company.

2.3.3 Analysis Of Factors From The Event

In this case, we clearly see that guards facing language problem, not all the employee speak English,
the lead verbal or non-verbal communication due to lockdown lead to major problem. Barry should
have appointed a person with well-known language has a team leader. Barry also should make some
time to sit and have face time with guards and analyze what is the main problem and not taken any
action due to lack of information or communication.

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3.0 Suggestion

After years of coming to the office without notice, these years’ employees around the world were
told to work from home. All real-life office routines, such as face-to-face weekly meetings,
brainstorming sessions, and conversations with water dispensers, were thrown out the window.
Managers and employees needed to learn in the field how to move office activities to virtual work.
Most of us are still investigating. If our team is virtual and we can’t go to our desk to check in, how
can we keep our team productive? Fortunately, there are some strategies to consider keeping team
productive while working from home. All employees handle the situations differently based on their
personality, person situation, and various other aspects of life. Good management is management
that understands the value of employees and motivates them according to their basic nature, rather
than considering them as workers. Working from home means more distractions, less opportunity to
interact naturally with other employees, and more social isolation. All of this can lead to reduced
productivity. To address these challenges, employers need to explore new ways to manage and
collaborate with their employees and provide more opportunities for them to connect with each
other. For example, equip team with technologic and productivity tools, first and foremost, one of
the most important ways to help team succeed remotely is to provide tools that help team stay
connected and productive. This includes project management tracking apps like Asana and Airtable,
chat or messaging apps like Slack and Microsoft Teams, and video conferencing apps like Zoom
and Google Hangouts. By equipping the team with these new technologies, managers and
employees are always on the same page, whether from home or in a long line in a supermarket, no
matter where they work. The new apps eliminate the fear of COVID-19 and help employees stay
productive and connected after returning to work. Also, establish daily check-ins, creating a daily
check-in routine prioritizes and connects, as employer no longer keep in touch with employees daily
and employees can no longer chat with the proverbial water cooler, creating a daily check-in routine
is an important way to set priorities and foster connections. This check-ins must be done in teams.
The above technologies and productivity tools can be important for transforming regular check-in.
for example, if we previously held a daily all-hands meeting in-person, we may want to use a video
conferencing app to have a virtual version of the same meeting each morning. Revised meetings
specially tailored for remote workers help maintain productivity. Set virtual office time and stay in
the instant messaging app all day to help employees. Plan employee involvement and

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communication to maintain high work ethics and maintain connections between employees.
Employee communication should be regular and frequent, allowing all employees to have weekly
video and conference calls, and special precautions against potential data breaches and other cyber
security issues. Furthermore, encourage colleagues to take action and encourage employees to share
their experiences and tips at home regarding how to stay focused and productive. For instance,
motivate employees by staying up to date through transparent communication, preparing meaningful
presentations, and getting everyone involved in the video.

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4.0 Conclusion

All the organizations use innovative and creative employee engagement practices while working
from home to maintain employee motivation, inspiration, involvement, satisfaction, and happiness
during this difficult time. Work from home regime is nowadays very essential; it would be
successful only with the help of online practices. Organizations should be implementing an online
practice approach to stay in the competition during this difficult time. Virtual relations should be
crucial for companies to enhance the engagement of employees. By engaging the employees
organizations can achieve their objectives very smoothly. Management also must look into how to
engage employees in order to be able to encourage a positive organization culture. Organizations
also need to be able to recognize the various facets that motivate and derive employee engagement
in organizations. By following the above mentioned suggestion to improve organizational
performance by enhancing effectiveness of team, leadership and communication while work from
home organizations can achieve their goals and sales as well.

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