IN THE PICTURE Science Museum

Talk about inventions and materials

WORK WITH WORDS

1 l i m n * Work in pairs. Match the words in the box to a-j in the
picture. You have one minute.

coffee shop entrance first floor

gift shop ground floor information desk
lift stairs ticket office toilets

2 Work in pairs. Match the words to galleries G1-G4 in

the museum and complete the word webs.

btritef calculate create design develop discover

explore glass plastic produce metal stone

3 (►SEE) Listen and check or complete your answers. Then listen

and repeat.

THE MOVING PICTURE 0 Watch the museum presentation.

Can you remember the pictures for the words in
Exercise 2? Work in pairs and make a list.

Match materials from Exercise 2 to the things

in the museum. You can match more than one
material to each object.

chair desk floor lift stairs entrance doors

Chair - vjood, ... We have (1) _ the technology

Choose the best word (A, B or C) for to send people into space and
(2 ) ............. ...................... ............. the moo
each space in the advert on the right. (3) telescopes
w ................... ....... . that can see
1 A built B developed calculated far into the universe. We have used them
2 A create B build explore to (4) new planets, and to
3 A built B explored found (5) the size and age of stars.
4 A create B produce discover Back on Earth, we have (6)
5 A calculate B develop design machines that see inside our bodies and
6 A explored (7) 3D images of our brain.
B discovered designed
7 A calculate B create invent And we have (8) medicines
that help us live longer, healthier lives.
8 A designed B produced found

7 .►EBM21 Off* Listen and repeat

the sentences. Pay attention to the • • l
/v / sound. ►
•• ••
* •*
1 Hoover invented the vacuum cleaner. • • •• • •
2 Every discovery's a brainwave.
3 Clever brains develop mobile devices.

108
n K iliilff
 make

build

8 Do the science quiz. Then check your answers on page 141.

Test your science with our science quiz.

Click to choose your answer.
I
Heinventedthe phonograph, the first machinethat could record sound. Whowas he?
( a Henry Ford) (B Thomas Edison ) ( C Gugtielmo Marconi )

A In which year did humans first explore the moon?

Gustave Eiffel's company designed and built the Eiffel Tower in 1889. Howtall is it?
A820 metres 1520 metres ) f C 320 metres
PHRASE BYTES
It came beforethe invention of metal objects. What was it called? There isn’t a science museum
f AThe Stone Age 1 f BThe Iron Age ) f C The Wood Age 1 here, but there’s one in ...
Yes, I have. I’ve been to the
science museum in ...
SPEAK No, I haven’t, but I’d like to go to
9 Q Work in pairs. Answer the questions. one because ...
1 Is there a science museum in your town/city? Where is it? If not,
where’s the nearest one?
2 Have you ever been to a science museum?
If so, what did you see? Did you enjoy your visit? Why?/Why not? Do the Words & Beyond exercise
If not, would you like to go to one? Why?/Why not? on page 139.

m Workbook, page 116 109

 READING How it works
» > Use pictures for help with new words

SPEAK AND READ

1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.
1 Do you like science subjects at school? Why?/Why not? HOWTO
2 Can you explain how a mobile phone, TV or radio works - in English use pictures for help with new words
or in your own language?
Q f Look at the pictures. What do
2 Read the first paragraph below and complete the sentences. they show? What’s the text
1 The American English for mobile phone is ... about?
2 Today’s mobile phones can ... Read the text. When you see a
new word, look at the pictures.
3 a Read the tips in the llM '/jiil box.
Can you see the word in the
b ( 5 0 ® Read the rest of the article. Try to match new words to pictures?
the pictures.

In the UK they're called mobile phones, mobiles or just phones. In the US

they're called cell phones. And from the days of calling and texting
at the start of this century, they've developed into small computers
that can do anything a PC or laptop can do.
But how do they work?
To understand mobile phone technology, the first thing you need to know
is that a mobile phone is really a two-way radio. When Meryem calls Said,
her voice is changed into a digital radio signal.
This radio signal is sent by her phone to the nearest base station on her
phone company's network. A base station has radio equipment inside and
an antenna on top. In cities you can see base stations on the roof of
many buildings.
From the base station her call is connected to her company's Mobile Telephone
Switching Office (MTSO). All the calls from the base stations in a particular city or
area are sent here. The MTSO connects her call to a base station near Said. The cost
of the call is also calculated here.
Each base station is in the middle of an area called a cell. (The'cell'in cellphone comes
from here.) If you move into another cell during a call, your signal becomes weaker. This
change is seen by computers at the MTSO, and your call is passed to the base station in
the new cell. This happens very quickly and you don't notice the change.
It's these cells that make it possible for us all to have mobiles. Each phone company can only use
a limited number of frequencies for its calls. With cells, people can use the same frequencies in
different parts of a city. And that means more people can use their phones at the same time.

4 Which tips in the ■IIHVUil box did you use for help with
Exercise 3b? Tick ( / ) them.

5 Read the article again and write your answers to the questions.
1 What does a mobile do to your voice when you speak?
It changes it into a digital radio signal. PHRASE BYTES
2 In cities, where do companies put a lot of their base stations?
3 Where do all the phone calls in a city go? I think it was easy/hard to
4 Why are mobile phones called cell phones in the US? understand because ...
5 How does the mobile phone network know if you are moving? I think it’s really interesting/boring
6 Why are cells so important to mobile phone companies? because ...

REACT
6 © Work in pairs. What do you think? Tell your partner.
1 Was the explanation of how a mobile phone works easy Work in pairs. Practise explaining
or difficult to understand? Why? how a mobile phone works. Can
2 Do you think it’s interesting to understand how things you do it without looking at the
work? Why?/Why not? article?

110 .\:'-<book, page 1 1 7 ^ ^ |

L
GRAMMAR Present sim ple passive
» > Use the present simple passive to talk about facts and processes

READ » > Grammar in context PRACTISE

1 Read the article and find two reasons why you Complete the description with the past
should recycle mobile phones. participle form of the verbs.

mobile phones made?

RECYCLE
YOUR First, a number of designs are (1) 'presented

MOBILE! (present). One design is (2) (choose)

and engineers then decide what electronics and
software are (3)........ .......... (need). Next, the
phone is (4) (make), but it isn't
j K L S S E (5) (send) to shops yet. First, it
Most people use a mobile. is (6) (test) to check there are no
But what Is a mobile ade problems. Then it’s ready to sell.
of? We all know that a mobile
mainly mac of plastic and 4 a Complete the sentences with the present
metal. But did you know that simple passive form of the verbs.
dangerous chemicals are also
? This is one good reason
1 90% of the world’s products are transported
(transport) this way.
for recycling them. Small
2 Most mobiles (not / protect)
amounts of rare, expensive
against them.
metals too. These
3 The meat of this animal
metals are thrown away and (not / eat) in India.
lost if a mobile isn't recycled.
4 These games (play) on a board
So when you need a new with 64 squares.
mobile, recycle your old one!
5 This food (grow) in very wet
fields.
6 This language (speak) by more
than a billion people.
b What things do the sentences describe?
5 a Write questions in the present simple passive.
STUDY 1 Where / most mobiles / make / ?
2 The verbs in green in Exercise 1 are in the Where are most mobiles made?
present simple passive. Use them to complete 2 Why / texting / use / more than calling on
the explanations. mobiles?

Present simple passive 3 What ingredients / pasta / make / of?

Use: When the action is more important than the
4 When / Earth Day / celebrate?
person who does the action.
M ost people use a m obile, (active)
5 What sports / play / on a court?
4 m obile is m ade o f m etal and plastic, (passive)
Form: 6 Where / Portuguese / speak / as a native
Positive and negative language?
a m /a re /is (not) + past participle
These m etals and lost If a m obile
b Work in pairs. Answer the questions.
Questions
a m /a re /is + l/h e , etc + past participle WRITE AND SPEAK
But w hat _ _ _ .... ................. of?
6 Work in pairs. Write definitions of three different
See g r a m m a r data b a s e , page 129.
things. Then read your definitions to other
students. Can they identify the things?

@ Get it right They’re m ade o f plastic,

m etal and glass. They’re
The past participle of regular verbs is verb + -ed
used to talk to a person in
Irregular verbs: See page 140. a nother place. M obile phones!

»> Workbook, pages 118-119 I ll

 LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Everyday objects
» > Understand new words

SPEAK AND LISTEN

1 © Work in pairs. Look at the photos and answer the questions. PHRASE BYTES ( |
1 How many of the objects can you name in English?
I think this is called ...
2 What are the objects used for?
It’s used f o r ...
2 a Read the tips in the f wr.'itii box.
People use it to ...
b (gBED Listen to an extract from a museum audio guide.
Write the letter of each object the guide describes.
HOWTO
Object 1 Object 3 Object 5
understand new words
Object 2 Object 4
First, look at any pictures or
3 Which tips in the liMVAdl box did you use for help with
visuals and read the task.
Exercise 2b? Tick ( / ) them. Predict words you might hear.
Use familiar words to help you
WORK WITH WORDS understand the main ideas.
4 (.►EE) Listen and point to the correct everyday object in the Don’t stop listening when
photos. Then listen and repeat. you hear words you don’t
understand.
ballpoint pen clothes peg drawing pin light bulb tin can

5 ►EE) Listen to the museum audio guide again and complete

the sentences with the words in Exercise 4.
1 The drawing p in is called a thumbtack in American English.
2 The original was made of wood.
3 The .......................... was produced by the American inventor
Thomas Alva Edison.
4 T he........................ ..was invented by two Hungarian brothers.
5 The...... ................. was invented by a Paris chef.
6 ►HD Match everyday objects to the photos. Then match the
definitions to the words. Listen and repeat.

bottle caps paper clip pencil Post-it® Notes thermometer PHRASE BYTES
O
I think the ... is useful because ...
1 It's used to hold pieces of paper together. paper d ip
The ... is more useful than ...
2 They’re used to close different types of bottles.
3 It’s used for writing or drawing.
4 It’s used to measure a person’s temperature.
5 They’re used to put notes on documents, computers and other
surfaces...............

REACT
7 © Work in groups. Choose the three most useful everyday Do the Words & Beyond exercise
objects from the photos. Explain your choice. on page 139.

112 Workbook, pages 120-121

GRAMMAR Past simple passive
» > Use the past simple passive to talk about completed actions in the past

READ » > Grammar in context PRACTISE

3 Complete the sentences with the past simple
passive form of the verbs.
1 X-rays were discovered (discover) in 1885 by
German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen.
2 The invisible rays created an image when they
(project) onto a film.
3 The rays (not stop) by thick
paper, or by the bones in his hand.
4 X-rays (first use) in a hospital
only two months after their discovery.
5 They (not understand) until later.
6 Rontgen (gave) the first ever
Nobel Prize for physics in 1901.
4 Write complete sentences with the past simple
passive and the words in the box.

Alexander Fleming a French artist

China physics and chemistry
Tim Berners-Lee Henry Ford

1 The first rockets / make / in

Hie first rockets Were made in. China.
2 Marie Curie / give / Nobel prizes in
1 Read an article about London’s Science
Museum. Why does it mention the X-ray 3 The first car for the public / build / by
machine?
4 Penicillin / discover / by
The Science Museum in London was opened
in 1909. To celebrate its centenary in 2009, 5 The internet / invent / by
ten objects were chosen from the museum's
6 The Statue of Liberty / design / by
collection and the public was asked to vote
for the invention that changed the future.
Penicillin and the Apollo 10 space capsule 5 Write the verbs in the active or passive form of
the past simple.
travelled
were both on the list but they weren't selected.
In 1969 three astronauts (1) (travel)
The X-ray machine was voted the number one
to the moon and (2) (bring) back
invention by the public.
safely in the Apollo 11 space capsule. The capsule
(3) (call) Columbia, and it
(4) (send) into space on top of the
STUDY Apollo 11 rocket. When Neil Armstrong and Edwin
Aldrin (5) (walk) on the moon on
2 Read the explanations. Then underline five July 20, the moment (6) (see) on TV
examples of the past simple passive in by 500 million people around the world. The moon
Exercise 1. walk (7) (also watch) by the third
astronaut, Michael Collins. He (8)
Past simple passive
(have to) stay in the space capsule.
Use: When the action is more important than the
person who does the action. WRITE AND SPEAK
Form:
6 a Do the Inventions Quiz. Work in groups of
Positive and negative
was/were (not) + past participle
four. Pair A looks at page 14 1 . Pair B looks
(+ by + who/what did the action) at page 142. Write sentences using the
information.
Questions and short answers
was/were + //she, etc + past participle b Read your sentences to the other pair. Are
Was Penicillin selected? they correct? Which pair wrote the most
No, it wasn’t. correct quiz sentences?
See g r a m m a r d a ta b a s e , page 129.

y Workbook, page 122

113
 Z S : eZ S J « i s o n or
Steve Jobs? Enter our Young Inventors competition to find out.

SEsr=srrrs: r *—
If your idea is chosen, you will get the chance to develop your idea at
Sport

Science Museum.

» > Share and exchange new ideas

Brainstorming is a way of developing new
SPEAK AND READ ideas by talking with several people, making lots of
suggestions and choosing the best ones. Here are
Work in pairs. Look at the competition some brainstorming tips.
information. Can you take part?

2 v> Which of the categories would you Offer as many ideas as you can.
choose and why? Listen to other people's ideas.
Use other people's ideas to think of new ideas.
PHRASE BYTES Encourage quiet people to offer ideas.
(Q Make a list of the different ideas.
I’d choose ... o r ... because ...
Don't say an idea is good or bad too quickly.
I think ... is the best category because Don't choose the best idea until you finish
brainstorming.

DO
Do you know what brainstorming is?
Read the information opposite and check your ideas

© Work in groups. Brainstorm ideas for the Science Museum PHRASE BYTES
competition. I’ve got an idea!
* . 5 Choose the best idea and present it to the rest of the class. How a b o u t... ?
We could ...
REFLECT Why don’t we ...

6 Discuss the questions with your class. Do you agree with

the C t t ' l k M ' k f ?
1 Was it easy to choose the category and the best idea for the R E F L E C T IO N
category? Why?/Why not? P O IN T
2 Which of the tips in Exercise 3 did you follow? Are there any you Sharing and exchanging ideas
didn’t follow? Why?
with other people can often
3 Did you enjoy brainstorming? Did it help you think of new ideas? help you think of better and
more suitable ideas.
EXTEND
7 Work in groups. Brainstorm ideas for a new museum. The museum can be
dedicated to anything or anyone of your choice. Give your museum a name
and make a list of some of the things people will find there.

114 y Workbook, page 125

SPEAKING At the hardware store
» > Describe things when you don’t know the English word

SPEAK
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and answer the questions.
1 What might be happening in the photo?
2 Have you ever tried to buy something when you don’t know what it’s called?
3 What can you do when you’re in this situation?

WATCH OR LISTEN
2 C M 3H > Watch or listen to the scene. Which of the things
in the pictures (a-f) does Jason buy?

Jason: Hi. I need some stuff. I don’t know what it’s called. It’s
used for fishing.
Assistant: Do you mean fishing line?
Jason: I think so, yes. It’s like string.
Assistant: That’s it. How much do you need?
Jason: About 150 metres.
Jason: Do you have any plastic bags?
Assistant: Small or large?
Jason: They need to be half a metre wide and one metre long.
Assistant: How many would you like?
Jason: Two, please.
HOWTO
Jason: I’m not sure what it’s called. It’s for sticking things. It’s
describe things when you don’t
usually black. You use it for covering electric cables. know the English word
Assistant: You mean this tape?
Jason: Yes. And I need a long, thin piece of wood. ■ Say that you don’t know the
Assistant: You mean like that? name.
Jason: Yes. That’s it. How much is everything? ■ Call it a thing or something if
Assistant: That’s £10.49. it’s an object or stuff if it’s a
material.
3 Complete the questions with the question words in the box. ■ Say what it’s used for.
Then answer the questions.
■ Describe it (size, material,
colour, etc).
How How big How many How much How much What kind
■ Compare it to something (it’s like
1 How m u ck fishing line does Jason want? ... , it’s similar to ...).
2 ................. plastic bags does he buy?
3 __ do the bags need to be?
4 of tape does he want? PHRASEBOOK0 2 j»
5 does Jason describe the piece of wood?
Describe something you
6 does everything cost?
don’t the name of
4 a Read the tips in the ■llUViil box. I don’t know / I'm not sure what
b (►MU Complete the extracts from the conversation. Then it’s called.
listen and repeat. I need a thing / some stuff.
1 1 need some s tu ff . 1don’t know what it’s People/You use itfo r/to ...
2 It’s used fishing. It’s for/like ...
3 It’s string.
Shop phrases
4 It’s for sticking . It’s usually
I need ....
5 Match the phrases in Exercise 4b to the tips in the lilH'.'iHl box.
Can you show me?
Do you have any ... ?
ACT
How much is everything/it/that?
6 @ Work in pairs. Complete the tasks. Then swap roles.
1 Each student chooses an object from the unit that you can buy in a shop.
Role-play a conversation between a shop assistant and a customer. The customer
doesn’t know the name of the object they want and has to describe it.
2 Can the shop assistant identify the object?

Ml Workbook, page 123 115

WRITING In my opinion
» > Present an argument

SPEAK AND READ □1

1 Work in pairs. Look at the

photos. What are the things In m y opinion, the m ost im portant fo r sending messages to friends.
and what do they all have in invention of the past 100 years Another reason fo r choosing apps
common? is the app. Apps are like sm all is because th e y ’re useful. You can
com p uter program s. They’re used use them to find inform ation like
2 Read the essay that Emilia on sm artphones and tablets to do bus tim es, sports results and the
wrote for homework. What lots of diffe re nt things. weather.
question is she answering? One of the reasons I’ve chosen In conclusion, there have been
apps is because I use them all the many im p ortan t inventions in the
tim e. There are apps fo r games, past 100 years but fo r me, the
fo r listening to m usic, and apps app is the m ost im portant one.

....,,

Get it right
Some phrases are usually followed with a
comma, especially in formal writing, for example,
In my opinion, and In conclusion, but try not to
add commas unless they are necessary.

PLAN
3 a Read the tips in the tffiRll'ib box. 5 You’re going to write your answer to this
question: In your opinion, which is the most
HOWTO im portant invention o f the past 100 years?
Use the W riting plan to help you prepare.
present an arg um e nt

■ Summarise your argument in the first paragraph.

WRITING PLAN
■ Give one or more reasons to support your
argument. 1 Paragraph 1 - Summarise your argument.
Choose an invention. Brief\y say 'why you
■ Finish with a conclusion.
chose it. Start with In my opinion, ...
b Underline the phrases Emilia uses for each 2 Paragraph 2 - Give your first reason.
of the points in the dHtlVliil box. Start with One of the reasons ... and
present the first part of your argument.

PRACTISE 3 Paragraph 3 - Give another reason.

Start with Another reason for choosing ...
4 Match the sentence halves. Then identify the and present the second part of your argument.
invention.
4 Paragraph 4 - Write your conclusion.
1 In my opinion, c
Start with In conclusion, ...
2 One of the reasons
3 Another reason for
4 I use it do lots of fun things like
5 It also helps me to WRITE AND CHECK
6 In conclusion,
6 Write your essay. Then check it. Tick ( / ) the
a make videos, play music, draw pictures, things in the plan.
b it can help me study and play,
c the is the most important invention, SHARE
d making it my first choice, is it’s simple to use.
e do my homework, 7 Swap your essay with other students. Which
f I like it is because it’s easy to carry. essays have the best arguments?

Dook. pages 124-125

»>
i .