EBS Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing

You must clearly show where you have used someone else’s work and ideas in your assignments. This could be when you quote or paraphrase someone else’s work. The
Harvard referencing system helps you do this. This guide is designed to help you start using the Harvard System of Referencing. It provides some basic examples to help you
understand how to reference correctly. There are other referencing systems but Harvard is the system that is widely used in many UK higher education institutions.

HARVARD REFERENCING consists of 2 elements

1 2
IN TEXT CITATIONS A DETAILED REFERENCE LIST AT THE END OF
The surname of the author and the date of the work at the point where YOUR ESSAY Full details of the references you have cited in your work,
you discuss their ideas. in alphabetical order, at the end of your assignment
Garrett (2011) suggests that classical music can help to create a calm Garrett, L.K. (2011) Skills for nursing and healthcare students. Harlow: Pearson
study environment. Education.

IN TEXT CITATIONS – You can refer to somebody’s ideas in your essay by using either a direct quote or paraphrasing.
You only need to include the author’s surname and the date of the work in the body of your essay (see box above).

If you read a section of text, and feel that it is best said in the original words (for example a well-used phrase, or important speech), you should present it as a direct
quote. Direct quotes should be written within speech marks (to facilitate recognition by plagiarism software), and the page number should be given. You MUST always
give the page number where the direct quote was taken from within your in-text citation. Short quotes can be given within a sentence; longer quotes should be
indented within the text, although the use of long quotes should be avoided where possible.

Paraphrasing is when you take some information from a source, and put it into your own words – you explain somebody’s idea in your own words. Changing one or two
words is not sufficient to correctly paraphrase. You still need to reference where the information has come from, although you do not need to use quotation marks, or give
a page number.

REFERENCE LIST – You must include the full details of all your in-text citations at the end of your essay in a separate reference list.
The exact details that you have to include in your reference list depend on what type of document the source is – for example a book, a journal article, a report, a
webpage. The reference list must be in alphabetical order. The reference list provides all the information the reader needs to locate your sources.
Bev Jackson, Essex Business School, University of Essex 2014. Based on a resource from www.libweb.anglia.ac.uk
 What you need to put in a final reference list
PAPER RESOURCES
BOOK Surname + initial(s) Year of Title of the book Edition - Only if Place of publication and
publication NOT the first name of publisher
edition

Boddy, D. (2008) Management: An Introduction. Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall.

ARTICLE Surname + initial(s) Year of Title of the article Name of the Volume number, issue
publication journal where you number, page number
found the article

Lien, D. and Shrestha, K. (2005) Estimating the optimal hedge ratio with focus information criterion. Journal of Futures Markets, vol. 25, no. 10,
pp.1011-1024.

REPORT The same as a book

ELECTRONIC RESOURCE
WEBSITE Who is responsible When was the Title of the document or The web address The date you accessed
for the information – information webpage where you found the information
an organisation or uploaded? the information, followed by
someone writing for [online]
the organisation?

Business forum. (2011) Getting the facts on Stakeholder Analysis. [online]. Available at: www.businessforum_123/london. [Accessed: 12 July 2011].

Environment Agency.( 2013) River and coastal maintenance programmes 2013-14. [online]. Available at: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk.
[Accessed 12 July 2013].

Bev Jackson, Essex Business School, University of Essex 2014. Based on a resource from www.libweb.anglia.ac.uk
 EBOOK Surname + initial(s) Year of Title of the book, followed Place of publication Web address and date
publication by [online] and name of you accessed it
publisher
Owen, J. (2011) The Death of Modern Management. [online]. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at:
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/universityofessex/docDetail.action?docID=10517348. [Accessed 10 June 2013].

ELECTRONIC JOURNAL Surname + initial(s) Year of Title of the article Name of the Volume Web
ARTICLE publication journal where you number, address
found the article, issue and date
followed by number, you
[online] page accessed
number it
Cass, K. (2003) Management theories. Management Quarterly. [online], 78(9). Available at: http://site.ebrary/com/lib/universityofessex. [Accessed 5
June 2013].

ONLINE REPORT The same as an Ebook

If you cite work with 3 or more authors you can use et al instead of listing all the authors in the in-text citation. This can ONLY be used in text.
ALL authors should be given in the reference list, in the order they appear in the original source. If you include page numbers, use 'p.' to reference a single page, and
'pp.' for a range of pages or you can also use a colon.

If you are reading a source by one author and he/she cites or quotes work from someone else – and you want to use it, you should try to locate the original
source/material. It’s important that you read the information yourself to check context and accuracy. Information on the source will be in the reference list of what you
are currently reading. If it is difficult to find the orginial work, you can use a secondary reference like this:

Research has shown that guinea pigs are suitable as pets (Winthorpe, 2010 cited in Dunn, 2012)

Winthorpe (2010) as cited in Dunn (2012) implies that...

For further information and guidance you can visit the University’s Student Resources webpage: http://online.essex.ac.uk/students/student-resources
Or you can also visit:
http://library.leeds.ac.uk/skills-referencing-harvard
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm
Bev Jackson, Essex Business School, University of Essex 2014. Based on a resource from www.libweb.anglia.ac.uk