MA 1252.

PROBABILITY AND QUEUEING THEORY

UNIT I RANDOM VARIABLES
PART-A
1.If X is a discrete random variable with probability distribution
P(X=x) = kx, x=1,2,3,4 find P(2<X<4).
2. Find K, if the p.d.f of X is

X: -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) 2k 3k 4k 6k 2 4k 2

3. Define a continuous random variable. Give an example.

k (3 2 x) for 2 x 4
4.The p.d.f of a continuous RV X is f(x)=
0, otherwise
find the value of K.
5.A continuous random variable X that can assume any value between x=2 and
x=5 has a density function given by f(x) = k(1+x) find P(X<4)
k
6.Given the prob. density function f(x) = , x< , find k and CDF F(x)
1+x 2
7.Is the cumulative distribution function F(x) of a random variable X always
continuous ? Justify your answer
8.Define : Conditional probability.
9.State the properties of MGF.
10. If the pdf of X is f(x) = 2e-2x , x 0 Find the pdf of Y=2X+3
11.Write any two properties of CDF F(x).
12.If the range of X is the set 0,1, 2,3, 4 and P(X=x)=0.2, determine the mean and
variance of the random variable
13.Find the me and variance of the distribution whose moment generating function
is (0.4et 0.6) 2 .
14.The mean and variance of a binomial variate X are 4 and 4/3 respectively.
Find P(X≥1).
15.Find the M.G.F of binomial distribution.
16.Obtain the binomial distribution whose mean is 6 and variance is 4.
17.Find the poisson distribution having a double mode at X=1 and X=2.
18.What is the pdf of an Exponentional distribution?
19. Suppose X has an exponential distribution with mean equal to 10. determine the
value of x such that P(X=x)=0.95.
20. What is the relationship between Weibull and Exponential distribution?
 2
21.If X is uniformly distributed in (1,3),find the p.d.f.of Y= x
22. The number of monthly breakdowns ofa computer is a random variable having a
Poisson distribution with mean equal to 1.8. Find the probability that this
computer will function for a month
(a) without a break down (b) with only one breakdown.
23. Find the distribution function of the random variable Y=g(x), in terms of the
x c forx c
0 for x c
distribution function of X, if it is given that g(x) =
x c forx c

24. suppose that a bus arrives at a station every day between 10.00 a.m. and 10.30
a.m, at random. Let X be the arrival time ;find the distribution function of X and
sketch its graph.

PART - B
1. A random variable X has the following probability distribution
X=x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
P(x) 0 k 2k 2k 3k K 2k 7k2+k

i)Find k ii) Evaluate P(X<6),P(X≥6),P(0<X<5).

2.A random variable X has the following probability distribution
X=x: -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x): 0.1 K 0.2 2K 0.3 3K
Find k , P(-2 < X < 2),mean of X.
3. If the density function of a continuous RV X is given by
ax 0 x 1
a 1 x 2
f(x)= (1) find a (2) find cdf of X
3a-ax 2 x 3
0 otherwise
4. The sales of a convenience store on a randomly selected day are X thousand dollars,
where X is a random variable with a distribution function of the following form
0 x<0
2
x
0 x<1
F(x) 2
k(4x-x 2 ) 1 x<2
1 x 2
Suppose that this convenience store‟s total sales on any given day are less that 2000
dollars.(1) Find the value of k (2) Let A and B be the events that tomorrow the
sIte‟s total sales are between 500 and 1500 dollars, and over 1000 dollars,
respectively. Find P(A) and P(B). (3) Are A and B independent events?

5.If the cumulative distribution function of a R.v. X is given by

 4
1- x>2
F(x)= x2 find (1) P(X<3) (2) P(4<X<5)
0 x 2
(3) P(X 3)
2
x 2
xe ,x 0
6. If p(x) = a) Show that p(x) is a pdf b) Find F(x).
0; x 0
2x 0<x<1
7.A random variable X has the pdf f(x) =
0 otherwise

Find (1) P(X<1/2) (2) P(1/4<X<1/2) (3) P(X>3/4/X>1/2)

8.The cumulative distribution function of a random variable X is given by
0 x<0
1
x2 0 x<
F(x)= 2 Find the pdf of X and evaluate P(¦X¦ 1)
3 2 1
1 (3 x) x<3
22 2
1 x 3

9.The pdf of a continuous random variable X is f(x)=Kx(1-x),0≤x ≤1.

Find (i) the value of K (ii) distribution function of X and
(iii) rth moment about origin
10.The distribution of a RV X is given by F(x)=1-(1+x)e-x, x≥0.Find the density function
mean and variance of X.
x, 0 x 1
.11.Find the MGF of the random variable X whose pdf is f(x) = 2 x,1 x 2 .
0, otherwise
x
12.Derive the MGF of X whose pdf is p( x) 2 ,x= 1,2,3,….. and
find its mean and variance.
13.Obtain the pmf of X which assumes the values 1,2,3 and 4 such that
2P(X=1)=3P(X=2)=P(X=3)=5P(X=4) and hence find E(2X+3). 20% of the
population in a town are found to be literates. If 100 investigators, each takes 10
people to see whether they are literates, how many would you expect to report 3 or
less to be literates?
14.Obtain the moment generating function of the random variable X having probability
x 0 x<1
(2 x) 1 x<2
density function f( x) =
0 otherwise

15.A fair coin is tossed three times. Let X be the number of tails appearing.
 Find the probability distribution of X. And also calculate E(X).
16.If the moments of a random variable X are defined by E(X r ) 0.6; r = 1,2,3,....
Show that P(X=0) = 0.4, P(X=1) = 0.6; P(X 2) = 0
5
1 3 t
17.A discrete R.V. X has moment generating function M x (t ) e
4 4
Find E(X), Var.(X) and P(X=2).
18.The pdf of the samples of the amplitude of speech wave forms is found to decay
exponencially at rate , so the following pdf is proposed

f(x) = C e- ¦x¦
, 1
x< .Find C and E(X).
1
19.Let X be a R.v. with E(X) =1 and E(X(X-1)) = 4.Find Var(X/2) and Var(2-3X)

2(1-x) 0<x<1
20. If the probability density of X is given by f(x)=
0 otherwise
2
(1)Show that E(X r ) (2) Use this result to evaluate E[(2X+1) 2 ]
(r+1) (r+2)
1
0<x<k
21.A random variable X has density function given by f(x)= k
0 otherwise
Find (1) mgf (2) r th moment (3) mean (4) variance
22 . Let the random variable X assume the value r with the probability law
P ( X r) = q r-1p r = 1,2,3,........ Find the moment generating function
and hence find mean and variance.
23.The pdf of a continuous RV X is given by f(x)=kx(2-x), 0≤x≤2.Find k,mean variance
and rth moment about origin.
24.For the following density function f ( x) ae x : x ,find
i) the value of „a‟ii)mean
25.Find M.G.F of poisson distribution .Hence find mean variance of the distribution.
26.Find the MGF of poisson distribution. If X and Y are independent poisson variates,
using MGF ,prove that X+Y is also a poisson variate.
27.Suppose that X is a negative binomial random variable with p=0.2 and r=4.
Determine the mean of X .
28.The time between process problems in a manufacturing line is exponentilally
distributed with a mean of 30 days. What is the expected time until the fourth
problem?
29.Obtain the MGF of Exponential distribution.From the M.G.F. ,find the mean and
variance and rth moment about origin.
30.The time in minutes that a girl speaks over phone is a r.v. X with pdf
x/5
f(x) =A e , x>0. Find the probability that she uses phone
(i) for atleast 5 minutes
(ii) for atmost 10 minutes and
(iii) between 5 and 10 minutes. 3% of the electric light bulbs manufactured by a
company are found to be defectives. In a sample of 100 such bulbs, find the
probability that (i)all are good (ii) atleast 3 defectives
(iii) exactly 2 defectives (iv) atmost 4 defectives

31.Experience has shown that while walking in a certain park, the time X(in mins.)
between seeing two people smoking has a density function of the form
xe-x x>0
f(x)=
0 otherwise
(1) Calculate the value of (2) Find the distribution function of X (3)What is
the probability that Jeff,who has just seen a person smoking, will see
another person smoking in 2 to 5 minutes? In atleast 7 minutes?

32.Define Geometric distribution If the probability that an applicant for a drivers licence
will pass the road test on any given trail is 0.8,what is the probability that he will
finally pass the test:i)on the fourth trail ii)in fewer than 4 trails.

33.Derive the MGF of Gamma distribution and hence prove its additive property.

34.Define Gamma distribution Obtain the mean and variance of Gamma distribution.

35.A machine manufacturing screws is known to produce 5% defective .In a random

sample of 15 screws, what is the probability that there are
i) exactly 3 defectives ii) not more than 3 defectives.

36.Each of the 6 tubes of a radio set has a life length (in years) which may be considered
as a random variable that follows a Weibull distribution with parameters α=25 and β=2.
If these function independently of one another, what is the probability that no tube will
have to be replaced during, the first 2 months of service?
UNIT –II TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES
Part A
1..Compute the value of C, if the joint density of (X,Y) is given by
P(x,y)=C(x+2y) , x:0,1 &2, y: 0,1 &2
2..Determine the value of C such that the function f(x,y)= cxy , 0<x<3 and 0<y<3
Satisfies the properties of a joint probability density function
3.The joint pdf of the random variable (X,Y) is given by
2 2
f(x,y)=k xy e-(x +y ) ;x>0,y>0 .Find the value of k.
3 2
2 xy y ,x 0, y 0
4.Let X and Y be continuous RV with jpdf. f(x,y)= 2
0, elsewhere
Find P (X+Y <1).
( x y)
1 e , ifx 0, y 0
5..For >0 , let F(x,y)= Cheak whether F can be the joint
0, elsewhere
probability distribution function of two random variables X and Y.

6..Prove that Cov (aX+bY) = ab Cov(X,Y).

7.Obtain „r‟ from the regression equations: y=10-0.4x; x=8-0.9y
8.. Define covariance and correlation between the random variables X and Y.
9. State Central limit theorem.
10.Write down any two properties of correlation coefficient.
11.Define independence of two random variables X and Y both in the discrete case and in
the continuous case
12.If X has mean 4 and variance 9,while Y has mean -2 and variance 5,and the two are
independent , find (a) E (XY) (b) E (XY2)
13.The life time of a TV tube ( in years) is an exponential random variable with mean 10
What is the probability that the average lifetime of a random sample of 36 TV tubes is
atleast 10.5?
14.If the joint p.d.f . of (X,Y) is f(x,y)=1/4 , 0<x ,y<2 find P(X+Y≤1)
15.If X and Y are independent random variables with variances 2 and 3.Find the variance
of 3X+4Y.
16.Find the value of K if f(x,y)= Kxy, 0 < x, y <1 is to be joint density function.
17.If X and Y are independent random variables , find cov (X,Y ).
4 xy, 0 x, y 1
18. The joint p.d.f. of (X,Y ) is f(x,y)= Examine X and Y are
0, elsewhere
independent.
19.State the equations of the two regression lines.
20.The joint p.d.f. of ( X,Y) is f(x,y)=4xy , 0< x ,y <1 and f(x,y)=0, Otherwise.
Find E(XY)
21.What is linear correlation?
22.How do you find marginal density function of X and Y from the marginal probability
functions f XY (x,y)
 Part B
1.If the joint density of (X,Y) is f(x,y)=1/8(6-x-y),0<x<2,2<y<4, find the marginal and
conditional densities of X and Y examine whether X and Y are independent or not.
2. Obtain the joint density of the random variables U=X 2 and V=XY ,if the joint density
of (X,Y) is f(x,y) = 4xy , 0<x,y<1.
3.Compute the correlation coefficient between X and Y , if the joint density of (X,Y) is
f(x,y)=x+y, 0<x,y<1
4.A sample of size 100 is taken from a population of mean 60 and variance 400.Using
CLT find the probability that the sample mean will not differ from the population mean
by more than four.
5.Determine the value of C that makes the function F(x,y)= C (x+y) a joint probability
density function over the range 0<x<3 and x< y< x+2.Also determine the following.
(1) P (X<1, Y<2) (2) P(Y >2) (3) E[X]
6 . A fair coin is tossed 10 times . Find the probability of getting 3 or 4 or 5 heads using
central limit theorem.
7. If the joint probability density function of X and Y is
e ( x y ) , x 0, y 0
F(x,y)=
0, elsewhere
find the probability density function of z=X/ (X+Y)
8.Determine the marginal and conditional densities of X and Y and hence examine
whether X and Y are independent or not,if the joint density of (X,Y) is
9(1+x+y)
f(x,y)= , x>0 and y>0.
2(1+x)4 (1+y)4
9. Obtain the two regression equations to the following data:
X : 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y : 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
10. If the joint density of (X,Y) is f(x,y)= 1/8(4-x-y),0<x,y<2,
Caculate the covariance of (X,Y).
x
11. Obtain the joint density of the transformations U= & V=X +Y,
x+y
Where X and Y are independent random variables following statdard exponential
distribution with p.d.f f(x)= e-x ,x≥0.
12.Obtain the equations of the regression lines from the following data, using the method
of least squares. Hence find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
Also estimate the value of Y when X=38 and the value of X when Y=18.
X : 22 26 29 30 31 33 34 35
Y : 20 20 21 29 27 24 27 31
13.The joint pdf of a 2-dimensional RV (X,Y) is given by
x2
f(x,y)= xy 2 ,0 x 2,0 y 2 .compute P(X>1),P(Y<1/2),P(X>1 / Y1/2)
8
P(Y<1/2 / X>1), P(X<Y), P(X+Y<1).
14.. If the joint distribution function of X and Y is
(1 e x )(1 e y ), x 0, y 0
F(x,y)=
0, elsewhere
 (1) Find the marginal densities of X and Y (2)Are X and Y independent.
(3)P(1<X<3,1<Y<2)
15. Find the coefficient of correlation between industrial production and export using
the following data:Production(X):55 56 58 59 60 60 62
Export(Y) : 35 38 37 39 44 43 44
16. The lifetime of a certain brand of an electric bulb may be considered a RV with
mean 1200 hrs and S.D 250 hrs .Find the probability , using central limit theorem,
that the average life time of 60 bulbs exceeds 1250 hrs
17.The two lines of regression are 8x-10y+66=0 & 40x-18y+214=0
The variance of X is 9.Find (1) The mean values of X and Y .
(2)Correlation coefficient between X and Y.
1 2
18. Let X be a random variable with pdf f(x,y)= e x /2, 1 x 1
2
Find the pdf of the random variable Y=X2
1 x/2
e ,x 0
19.Let the pdf for X be given by f(x,y)= 2
0, elsewhere
Find (1)P( X >1/2) (2) Moment generating function for X (3) E (X)(4) Var (X).
20.If X is any continuous random variable having the pdf
2 x, 0 x 1
f(x,y)= and Y = e-xFind the pdf of the random variable Y.
0, elsewhere
21.Let X and Y have the joint pdf X
0 1 2
0 0.1 0.4 0.1
Y 1 0.2 0.2 0
Find (1) P (X+Y >1) (2) The probability mass function P (X=x) of the
random variable X (3) P(Y=1 ?X=1 ) (4) E(XY).
22.Find P ( X> 2 / Y <4 ) when the joint pdf of X and Y is given by
e ( x y ) , x 0, y 0
g(x,y)= Are S and Y indepentdnt R.V? Explain?
0, elsewhere
2, 0 x y 1
23.If the joint pdf for X and Y is given by f(x,y)=
0, elsewhere
Find the pdf of the RV U=X/Y.
24.The joint pmf of (X,Y ) is given by p(x,y) =k(2x+3y),x=0,1,2.y=1,2,3.Find all the
marginal probability distributions. Also find the probability of (X,Y)
25.Can Y=5+2.8X and X =3-0.5Y be the estimated regression equation of Y on X and X
on Y resp? Explain your answer with suitable theoretical arguments.
26. Find the coefficient of correlation for the following heights ( in inches) of
fathers (X) and their sons ( Y):
X : 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y : 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
UNIT –III MARKOV PROCESSES & MARKOV CHAINS
Part A
1.Define Markov Process
2. What do you understand by stationary process ?
3. Define Markov chain and wide Sense stationary process.
0 1
4.Find the steady state probabilities of the Markov chain with TPM
0.5 0.5

5. Consider the random process X (t ) cos(t ) where is uniform in , .

2 2
Cheak whether the process is stationary.
6.The one –step transition probability matrix of a Markov chain with states (0,1) is given
0 1
by P= . Is it irreducible Markov chain?
1 0
7.If X ( s, t ) is a random Process , what is the nature of X ( s,t ) when
(a) s is fixed (b) t is fixed?
8. Define birth and death process
9. “The additive property holds good for any number of independent Poison processes “
Justify.
10.Comment on the following:
“The random variables X and Y are independent iff Cov(X ,Y )=0”
11. Let X n ; t 0 be a Poisson process with rate λ .Find E[ X (t ) X (t )] where 0
Part B
1.. Prove that the random process X (t ) where X(t) =A cos (wt+θ), θ is a
random variable uniformly distributed in (-π ,π) is stationary of second order.
2. Show that the random process X(t) = A sin (ωt + θ) is wide-sense stationary process
where A and ω are constants and θ is uniformly distributed in (0,2π).
3.In the random process X(t) = A sin t +B cos t, A and B are independent random
variables, each assuming the values -1 and 2 with probabilities 2/3 and 1/3.
Prove that X(t) is WSS .
at
,n 0
1 at
4.Show that the random process with pdf P[ X (t ) n]
(at ) n 1
, n 1, 2,3,...
(1 at ) n 1
is not stationaty.
5.Given a RV Ω with density f(w) and another RV φ uniformly distributed in (-π,π)
And X(t) = a cos (Ωt + φ ), prove that X (t ) is a WSS process.
6. Consider a random process X (t) defined by X(t) =U cos t +(V+1) sin t ,
where U and V are independent random variables for which E(U)=E(V)=0
E(U2)= E(V2)=1 (i) Find the auto-covariance function of X(t).
(ii) Is X (t) wide sense stationary ? Explain your answer.
7. Three boys A,B and C are throwing a ball to each other . “A” always throws it to
B;B always throws it to C and C is equally likely to throw it either to A or to B .
Considering this as a Markov process , find the TPM and classify the states.
8. Define the terms “ Mean, Variance and Auto correlation “ of a random process and
hence find the mean and variance of a random process whose auto-correlation is
4
RXX ( ) 25
1 5 2
9. State the postulates of Poisson process and also prove that the inter-arrival time of
Poisson process follows exponential distribution.
10. Define Poisson process and obtain the probability distribution for that also find the
Auto correlation function for the process.
11.The transition probability matrix of a Markov chain X n ,n=1,2,3,…
0.1 0.5 0.4
Having three states 1,2 and 3 is P= 0.6 0.2 0.2 and the initial distribution
0.3 0.4 0.3
is ( 0.7 , 0.2 ,0.1 ) Find P( X 2 3) & P( X 3 2, X 2 3, X 1 3X 0 2)
0.5 0.1 0.4
12. The TPM of a Markov chain with the states 1, 2 ,3 is 0.3 0.2 0.5
0.2 0.4 0.4
If P (0) = ( 0.7 0.2 0.1) find P( X 1 3), P( X 2 3) & P( X 3 1, X 2 3, X 1 2 X 0 3)
13. Prove that the sum of two independent Poisson processes is a Poisson process but
their difference is not so.
14 .Suppose that customers arrive at a bank according to a poisson process with a mean
rate of 3 per minute; find the probability that during a time interval of 2 mins. (1)
Exactly 4 customers arrive and (2)More than 4 customers arrive
15.An engineer analyzing a series of digital signals generated by a testing system
observes that only 1 out of 15 highly distorted signals follows a highly distorted
signal , with no recognizable signal between, whereas 20 out of 23 recognizable
signals follow recognizable signals, with no highly distorted signal between. Given
that only highly distorted signals are not recognizable, find the TPM and fraction of
signals that are highly distorted.
16. A man either drives a car or catches a train to go to office each day. He never goes 2
days in a row by train but if he drives one day, then the next day he is just as likely to
drive again as he is to travel by train. Now suppose that on the first day of the week, the
man tossed a fair die and drove to work iff a 6 appeared. Find
(1) The probability that he takes a train on the 3 rd day.
(2) The probability that he drives to work in the long run.
17. Write a short note on recurrent state, transient state ,ergodic state.
18.Let X(t) be a Poisson process with arrival rate λ. Find E{ X (t ) X ( s ) 2 } for t>s.
19. Let X n ; n 1, 2,3... be a Markov chain on the space S={1,2,3} with one step
0 1 0
1 1
transition probability matrix P= 0 (1) Sketch the transition diagram
2 2
1 0 0
(2) Is the chain irreducible? Explain. (3) Is the chain Ergodic? Explain.

20. Discuss the pure birth process and obtain its probabilities , mean and variance.

UNIT--- IV---- –QUEUEING THEORY

Part A
1. What are the components of a Queueing system ?
2. Write down the Little‟s formula for ( M /M / 1) : ( ∞ / FCFS ) system.
3. Define effective arrival rate with respect to an for
( M /M / 1) : (GD /N /∞)queueing model.
4. Bring out the assumption of a queueing system.
5, What is meant by a M / G/ 1 queue ?
6. Draw the state transition rate diagram for M/M/C queueing model.
7. What is the probability that a customer has to wait more than 15 mins to get his
service completed in a M/M/1 queueing system ,if λ=6/hr and µ=10 /hr ?
8. What do you mean by transient state and steady state queueing systems?
9. If people arrive to purchase cinema tickets at the average rate of 6 per minutes. It
takes an average of 7.5 seconds to purchase a ticket. If a
person arrives 2 minutes before the picture starts and it takes exactly
1.5 min to reach the correct seat after purchasing the ticket. Can he
expect to be seated for the start of the picture?
10.In a usual notation of an M/M/1 queueing system ,if λ=3/hr and
µ=4 /hr ,find P( X ≥5) where X is the number of customers in the system.
11. Find P ( X ≥c+n ) for an M/M/1 queueing system.
12. Suppose that customers arrive at a poisson rate of one per every 12 minutes and
That the service time is exponential at a rate of one service per 8 mins.
(a) What is the average no. of customers in the system?
(b) What is the average time of a customer spends in the system?
13 What do you mean by transient state and steady state queueing
system?
14. What are the basic characteristics of Queueing process ?
15 .What are the basic characteristics of a queueing system?
16. Derive the average number of customers in the system
for ( M /M / 1) : ( ∞ / FCFS )model.
PART-B
1.In a railway marshalling yard goods trains arrive at an average rate of
30 per day according to poisson distribution .If the mechanic services
according exponential distribution with a mean of 36 minutes, find
Ls, Lq and Ws.
2. Customers arrive at a one window drive in bank at an average rate of
10 per hour in a poisson fashion. Service time follows exponential
distribution with a mean of 5 minutes. The car space in front of the
window can accommodate only 3 cars including that of being
serviced. Find the probability that an arriving car can be driven directly
to the space and also the expected waiting time for a customer for
getting service.
3.Patients arrive at a clinic according to poisson distribution at a rate of
30 patients per hour the waiting room does not accommodate more than
14 patients. Examination time per patient is exponential with mean rate
of 20 per hour.
(1) What is the probability that an arriving patient does not have to wait?
(2) What is the expected waiting time until a patient is discharged from the
clinic?
4.A T.V repairman finds that the time spent on his bjobs follows
exponential with mean of 30 minutes.If he repairs the sets in the order
of their arrival according to poisson distribution at an average rate of
10 per 8 hour –day,find his expected idle time on each day and also
the number of sets in his shop.
5.Customers arrive at one-man barbar shop according to poisson
distribution at an average arte of 5 per hour. H IS Hair –cutting time
was exponential with a mean of 10 minutes . If the shop has only four
seats on the total, find the probability for an arriving customer to be
seated and also the expected time that a customer in the shop.
6.A super –market has two girls at the sales-counter.Service time for each
customer is exponentially distributed with a mean of 4 minutes and
people arrive in a poisson –fashion at an average rate of 10 an
hour.Find the probability for a customer has to wait for service and also
the idle time for each girl
7. There are 3 typists in an office each typist can type an average
of 6 letters/hours. If letters arrive for being typed at the rate of
15letters/hour.
(i) What fraction of the time all the typists will be busy?
(ii) What is the average no. of letters waiting to be typed?
(iii) What is the average time a letter has to spend for waiting and for being typed?
(iv) What is the probability that a letter will take longer than 20 mins waiting to be
typed and being typed?
8. Customers arrive at a one man barber shop according to a poisson process with a mean
inter arrival time of 12 mins.Customers spend an average of 10 min in the barber‟s
chair.(i) What is the expected no. of customers in the barber shop and in the queue?
(ii) How much time can a customer expect to spend in the barber‟s shop?
 ( iii) What is the average time customers spend in the queue?
(iv)What is the probability that the waiting time in the system is greater than 30 mins?
9. A duplicating machine maintained for office use is operated by an
office assistant who earns Rs.5 per hour. The time to complete each jobs
varies according to an exponential distribution with mean 6 mins .
Assume a poisson input with an average arrival rate of 5 jobs per hour.
If an 8-hrs day is used as a base, determine(1) The percentage idle time
of the machine(2) The average time a job is in the system. (3) The
average earning per day of the assistant.
10. A super market has two girls attending to sales at the counters. If the
service time for each customers is exponential with mean 4 mins and if
people arrive in poisson fashion at the rate of 10 per hour,(1) What is the
probability that a customer has to wait for service?(2) What is the
expected percentage of idle time for each girl?
11.Customers arrive at a one-man barber shop according to a Poisson
process with a mean interarrival time of 12 min. Customers spend an
average of 10 min in the barber‟s chair.
(1)What is the expected no. of customers in the barber shop and in the
queue?(2) What is the probability that more than 3 customers are in the
system?
12. Discuss the M/M/1 queueing system with finite capacity and obtain its steady state
probabilities and the mean number of customers in the system.
13 Automatic car wash facility operates with only one bay. Cars arrive according to a
Poisson process, with mean of 4 cars per hour and may wait in the facility‟s parking lot
if the bay is busy.If the service (1) Mean number of customers in the system Ls.(2)mean
number of customers in the queue (3) mean waiting time in the system (4) mean waiting
time in the queue.
14.On every Sunday morning, a Dental hospital renders free dental
service to the patients. As per the hospital rules, 3 dentists who are
equally qualified and experienced will be on duty then. It takes on an
average 10 mins for a patient to get treatment and the actual time taken is
known to vary approximately exponentially around this average. The
patients arrive according to the Poisson distribution with an average of 12 per hour.The
hospital management wants to investigate the following :
(1) The expected number of patients waiting in the queue.
(2) The average time that a patient spends at the hospital.
15. Self-Service system is followed in a super market at a metropolis. The
customer arrivals occur according to a poisson distribution with mean 40
per hour. Service time per customer is exponentially distributed with
mean 6 mins. (i) Find the expected number of customers in the system.
(ii) What is the percentage of time that the facility is idle?

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UNIT-V NON-MARKOVIAN QUEUES AND QUEUE
NETWORKS
PART-A
1.When the service is constant,give the reduced form of P-K formula?
2. Define a two stage series queue.
3. Define closed queueing networks
4. Write Pollaczek-Khintchine formula and explain the notations.
6. Define open Jackson networks.
PART-B
1. In a network of three service stations S1,S2,S3 customers arrive at S1,S2,S3 from outside
in accordance with poisson process having rates 5,10,15 resp., The service times at the
3 stations are exponential with respective rates 10,50,100. A customer completing
service S1 is equally likely to (i) go to S2 (ii) go to S3 (iii) leave the system .A
customer departing from service at S2 always goes to S3. A departure from service at
S3 is equally likely to go to S2 or leave the system.
(1) What is the average number of customers in the system , consisting of all the three
stations? (2) What is the average time a customer spends in the system?
2.. Derive Pollaczek-Khinchine formula .
3.. A one-man barber shop takes exactly 25 minutes to complete one hair-cut. If
customers arrive at the barber shop in a Poisson fashion at an average rate of
one every 40 minutes, how long on the average a customer spends in the
shop? Also find the average time a customer must wait for service
4.. Automatic car wash facility operates with only one boy. Cars arrive according to a
Poisson process, with mean of 4 cars per hour and may wait in the facility‟s
parking lot if the boy is busy. If the service time for all cars is constant and equal
to 10 min, determine (1) Mean number of customers in the system and the queue
(2) Mean waiting time in the system and queue
5.. A patient who goes a single doctor clinic for a general check-up has to go
through 4 phases .The doctor takes on the average 4 minutes for each for each
phase of the check-up and the time taken for each phase is exponentially
distributed .If the arrivals of the patients at the clinic are approximately Poisson
at the average rate of 3 per hour, what is the average time spent by a patient
(i) in the examination? (ii) waiting in the clinic?
6.Discuss series queues. 7. Discuss open Jackson networks.
8. Discuss closed Jackson networks.
9.In an ophthalmic clinic , there are sections one section for assessing the power
approximately and the other for final assessment and prescription of glasses. Patients
arrive at the clinic in a poison fashion ant the rate of 3 per hour .The assistant in the
first section takes nearly 15 minutes per patient for approximate assessment of power
and the doctor in the second section takes nearly 6 minutes per patient for final
prescription .If the service times in the two sections are approximately exponential, find
the probability that there are e patients in the first section and 2 patients in the second
section. Find also the average number of patients in the clinic .Assume that enough
space is available for the patients to wait in front of both sections.
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