S

ELICIT

Name: Eime F. Flora Date Submitted:

Course/Section:BTVTE-3A

Answer the following questions

1. What does Science and Technology means?
-Science is a systematic process to gain knowledge through observation and
experiments, and the practical application of science gives rise to technology. Technology is the
application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools,
and machines aimed at solving real-world problems. Scientists used their knowledge to develop
technology and then used technology to develop Science; so, because of this reason science
and technology are an integrated term in today’s world.

2. Why study Science Technology and Society?

1. We study the Science Technology and Society because we need to Educate students to
become responsible citizens dedicated to issues involving science and technology, and
Show to the students how advances in science and technology would affect their lives as an
individual citizens in a society.
-
3. Enumerate at least three recent issues in Science and Technology.
- Here are the three(3) recent issues
- Health aspects
- Standard of education

- Availability of healthy food and safe drinking water

4. How do you think STS helps in addressing issues and problems in Science and Technology?
- In the use of scientific principles have been and continue to be applied to address issues,
concerns, and problems that people face in the day-to-day aspect of living.
 ENGAGE

Let us begin the lesson by doing the following activities. These activities will lead you
into exploring and discovering the concept of the lesson.

Activity 1.1 Let me Photograph! (Individual Work)

Name: Eime F. Flora Date Submitted: __________________
Course/Section: BTVTE- 3A

Instructions: On the space below, paste a photograph or pictures of any kind that depicts an
issue or problem in science and technology. Then answer the guide questions that follow.
 Key Inquiry Questions:

1. Describe the issue or problem depicted in the photo you pasted.

- The issue or problem that I presented photo is about the Availability of healthy
food and safe drinking water, Food and water-borne illnesses can occur in any
country. When we are travelling, we are more likely to be unfamiliar with our food – we
won’t always know where it came from, how it was prepared, or who handled it. Some of
us are also more inclined to take risks by trying local delicacies and eating from various
food vendors. You can prevent gastrointestinal infections when you know the risks,
make safe choices, and practice good hygiene. The golden rule is: Boil it, Cook it, Peel
it, or Forget it!

2. How this issue or problem influence human activity and other related endeavor?

- This issue or problem influence human activities and other related endeavor, in
the way of should be focus on existing science and technology, and developing
their translative capacity. Always exercise caution when eating high risk foods.
Reduce your risk of illness by practicing food safety and following good hand hygiene
practices at your destination.

- Always exercise caution with your drinking water. In areas where hygiene and sanitation
are challenging to maintain, taking precautions with drinking water is essential.

3. What possible solution you may suggest and how can this be done?
- Food, water and environment are personal and immediate matters. Nutritious food
maintains health, promotes growth in children, and prevents blindness. Safe drinking
water nurtures and restores; unsafe water, even when it looks clean, is harmful. Puddles
and rubbish lying around encourage mosquitos and rats. Clean surroundings, gardens,
and properly located latrines can make the neighborhood beautiful and more healthy

4. Why do we need to study STS as an academic field especially in addressing recent issues
and problems depicted in the picture?
- the different aspects of society shape and influence the progression and further
development of science and technology is the area of concern of a relatively new
academic discipline called Science, Technology, and Society.

- We need to study STS as an academic field especially in addressing recent issues and
problems depicted in the picture because, Science and Technology Studies is a growing
 field that draws on the full range of disciplines in the social sciences and humanities to
examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped by, our society,
politics, and culture. We study contemporary controversies, historical transformations,
policy dilemmas, and broad philosophical questions. 

Reflections:

1. Why did you choose that picture?

- I choose that photo because I think that is the easiest way to understand of what is
photo all about. To address the one of the issues in Science and technology. That we
must give attention because it involve the most important

2. How did you feel while doing this activity?

- I feel good and also trying to adjust myself for this new way of learning. I know it’s hard
but all i need to do is to accept and do my best for this new normal learning.

3. What did you realized about science and technology?

- I’d realize that it is very important to study this kind of topic to know a lot of things and
discover more that we really don’t know from this topic. It also helps us to be innovative
and creative And every field of this topic relates to our human being and behavior.
 EXPLORE

Activity 1.2 Small Group Discussion

Name: Neil Lagsub Date Submitted:

Daisy Jane De Juan Course/Section:
Siddy Lagunday
Eime Flora

Instructions: Work in group with 3-4 members. Review and discuss the ten emerging ethical
and policy issue compiled by the John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values of
the University of Notre Dame for 2018. Select only one emerging dilemma in science and
technology. Research about the nature of the issue and be ready to report the highlights of your
research work in the class. Used the guide questions below in preparing your output. Create a
PowerPoint presentation (no more than five slides) to highlight the summary of your research:

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. What is the emerging ethical dilemma all about?

- Personnel or Companies attacked by ransomware are faced with an ethical dilemma, so all
they can do is to pay up to save their now-encrypted data, or hold the moral high ground and
lose it all. In most cases, the culprit will attempt to encrypt a business's data and then refuse to
share the decryption key unless a ransom is paid.
2. What factors or events led to this dilemma?
- Ransomware is often spread and appear through trolling emails that contain malicious
attachments or through drives by downloading. It is also spread through social media, such as
Web-based instant messaging applications.
3. What are the societal implications of this dilemma?
- Ransomware is disastrous for companies that been attacked because they have no choice but
to pay. The social implications of this dilemma is that Ransomware isn’t going away because
people who get hit continue to pay. So don’t be one of those people who get hit.
4.Why is it important to question the moral and ethical issues surrounding innovations in science
and technology?
- It is very important to question the moral and ethical surrounding innovation in science and
technology Simply, just because someone can do something does not mean it is wise to do
the thing. Nuclear technology, biotechnology, and information technology (IT) are the major
technological innovations raising ethical and moral issues. The major ethical or moral issues in
technology include ethical dilemmas, health issues, job displacement, and gender.

5. In the face of this dilemma, why is it important to study STS?

- We need to study STS enable for us to experience the good effect of technology for us. Doing
bad things like ransomware (hacking information to get ransom to be paid) have bad effect to
the person who did that kind of work. He/she can be arrested for that kind of case, and
possibility to bring on prison. That's why there's STS to educate people and teach them on how
to use technology in a proper and correct way without damaging the life of others.

Reflections:

1. How do you feel while sharing and collaborating to your group mates?
- While we are sharing and collaborating to each other I feel happy because each of us
was giving each ideas and cooperation. Even we are only communicating on social
media, we all know that it’s not easy to but we give our best to have a successful sharing
and to work as one to understand each other.
2. What are the challenges you encountered while doing this activity? How did you address
them?
- While doing this activity a lot of challenges I encountered just like the lack of internet
connection, theirs a household chores that I need to do, sometimes it’s hard to
understand those question and activities because of stress and theirs a lot of problems
in my head. For me it’s hard to overcome this challenges but I trying to give my best to
work and cooperate well.
3. Can you enumerate some realizations you have after the activity?
- In every situation theirs a realization, from this activity I realized that it’s hard to work and
do every activities when you are not ok, when you have a lot of problems. But from this
activity it helps me to fight against my emotion and also to those challenges. I know it’s
not easy to communicate and understand each other well but if you give up you are not
a true student with a big and high dreams in life.
 WORK SHEET FOR ACTIVE READING

Name: Eime F.Flora Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE-3A

Think about the following questions and answer it in 2-3 sentences.

1. How does STS emerge as an academic field?
- STS as an academic field resulted from the recognition that many schools today do not
really prepare student’s to responds critically, reflectively, and proactively to the challenges
posed by science and technology in the contemporary world.
- applies methods drawn from history, philosophy, and sociology to study the nature of
science and technology and ultimately judge their value and place in society. As an
interdisciplinary field, the emergence of STS was a result of questions about science and
technology’s dynamic interaction with various aspects of society and was thus viewed as a
socially embedded enterprise.

2. Why do we need to study and learn STS?

-We need to study and learn STS because it Help tomorrows’ leaders and decision
makers grasp more effectively the real-life issues in science, technology and society that they
will face in their future careers.
-Show to the students how advances in science and technology would affect their lives
as an individual citizens in a society
-Educate students to become responsible citizens dedicated to issues involving science
and technology .
-STS seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive cultures- humanities
(interpretive) and natural sciences (rational)- so that humans will be able to better confront the
moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas brought by the continued development in science and
technology.
3. How can STS help address issues and dilemmas arises from science and technology?
- As a new year approaches, a group of scientists have created a list of emerging ethical
dilemmas and policy issues in science and technology for 2013.
- The Reilly Center explores conceptual, ethical and policy issues where science and
technology intersect with society from different disciplinary perspectives. Its goal is to
promote the advancement of science and technology for the common good.

ELABORATE

Let us continue learning more and try to extend them

through doing this activity.

Activity 1.3 Article Review (Individual Work)

Name: Eime F. Flora Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE-3A

Instruction: Read Lewis Wolpert’s The Medawar Lecture 1998 Is Science Dangerous?
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569503). Then complete the following key
inquiry questions.

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. What are the difficult concepts presented in the article?

- The difficult concepts that is presented from the article is  fear and distrust of science:
genetic engineering and the supposed ethical issues it raises, the effect of science in
diminishing our spiritual values—even though many scientists are themselves religious,
the fear of nuclear weapons and nuclear power, the impact of industry in despoiling the
environment.
2. What are your learning insights before reading the article?
- My learning insight before I read the article is that how science are very important,
science provides the best way of understanding the world.

3. What are your learning insights after reading the article?

- My learning insight after I read the article is that, the most important that they do not
allow themselves to become the unquestioning tools of either government or industry.
4. Why do you think it’s necessary to discuss such topics in the article?
- Yes it is very important to discuss such topics in the article because we need to be learn
more from those different things about the world. We have a lot to understand we have a
lot to discover in our everyday life.

5.
Reflections:

1. How do you feel while reading the article?

- While reading the article I feel amaze because I can’t imagine that its just happened
before and because of this activities I have lot of learning about science.
2. Did the article affected your perspective? Please elaborate them?
-Yes, I have a lot of learning from the article and it give an answer of what is science if it
is truly dangerous. They proves that science is very powerful yet science provides the best way
of understanding the world in a reliable, logical, quantitative, testable and elegant manner.
Science is at the core of our culture, Science tells us how the world is, Dangers and ethical
issues only arise when science is applied in technology.
3. How will you apply this new perspective in your life?
I may apply this new perspective in my life by being responsible human. Being creative and
innovative and surely can help our nature. And also do not abuse to use technology that can
may cause pollution or can destroy our nature.
 EVALUATE

Name: Eime F. Flora Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE-3A

Multiple Choice: Read carefully the statements and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write it on the space provided.

A 1. Which of the following academic field is included in Science, Technology and Society?
A. Humanities C. Mathematics
B. Geography D. Language
C 2. How does STS emerge as an academic field?
A. It emerge to address the human conflicts on territories
B. It emerge to help solve issues on ethics and morality
C. It emerge to address issues dilemmas in science and technology
D. It emerge to help science and technology improve faster than before
A 3. Why there is a need to study and learn STS?
A. People should learn how does Science and Technology shaped society
B. People should address the laws of the government
C. It will help in improving Science and Technology
D. It will help contribute to human development

B 4. Which of the following statements describe STS?

A. It refers to the study of laws for science and technology
B. It refers to the study of how society influences S&T and vice versa.
C. This studies the development of human activities through S&T
D. This studies the contribution of S&T to the improvement of human lives
A 5. How can STS help improve human endeavor?
 A. STS bridge the gap between interpretive and rational perspective
B. STS contribute in addressing human conflicts
C. STS solve problems on economic issues of the country
D. STS improves science education in the country

EXTEND

Research on the recent development in Science and Technology and make a report
following the instruction below:
1. Select one development in Science and Technology.
2. Write your report about it in a short bond paper, normal margin, Arial 11, 1.5 spacing.
3. The report should be a brief summary of the innovation. You may use the following
key inquiry questions:
a) What is the innovation you selected all about? Give the basic Information
of the Technology.
- The innovation that I selected is all about Technological and Scientific revolutions on
economic advances

b) Give the concept and mechanism of the innovation.

- The process of innovations implementation is an aggregate of research, technological,
production, organizational, financial and commercial measures taken in a specific
sequence and causing innovations. The innovation idea is a result of a long process. It
can be a result of the collective expertise or an individual analysis.

c) What is the contribution of this development in the field of science and in

our society?
- The process of implementing the offered mechanism of the innovation project
management includes creating of the innovation idea and defining the project goal,
marketing analysis of the project idea, project structuring, analysis of the risk during the
project implementation, and selecting variants of innovation project implementation
(Khokhlova and Okladnikova, 2014).
- When implementing innovation projects, it is important not only to select the optimal
combination of the financing mechanism but also to select areas of investing that as a
whole make up the general concept of the innovation project management system.
 Technological and Scientific revolutions on economic advances
The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from entirely new sectors,
based on micro-processors, tele-communications, bio-technology and nano-technology.
Products are transforming business practices across the economy, as well as the lives of all
who have access to their effects. The most remarkable breakthroughs will come from the
interaction of insights and applications arising when these technologies converge.
Access and application are critical. Service and technology are the differentiators between
countries that are able to tackle poverty effectively by growing and developing their economies,
and those that are not. The extent to which developing economies emerge as economic
powerhouses depends on their ability to grasp and apply insights from science and technology
and use them creatively. Innovation is the primary driver of technological growth and drives
higher living standards.
As an engine of growth, the potential of technology is endless, and still largely untapped in
Africa and other developing world regions across the globe. Less developed countries not only
lack skilled labour and capital, but also use these less efficiently. Inputs account for less than
half of the differences in per capita income across nations. The rest is due to the inability to
adopt and adapt technologies to raise productivity.
scientific and technological revolution is changing the entire face of social production, as well as 
the conditions, nature, and content of labor, the composition of productive forces, the social divi
sion of labor, and the sectorial and occupational structure of society.

The scientific and technological revolution is a natural stage in history that is characteristic of th
e era of transition from capitalism to communism. It is a worldwide phenomenon, but the forms i
n which it is manifested, and also its course and consequences, are fundamentally different in s
ocialist and capitalist countries.
The most important role in paving the way for the scientific and technological revolution was pla
yed by advances in natural science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which resulted in a 
fundamental revolution in the views of matter and the formation of a new picture of the world.
Lesson 2. Historical Antecedents

Name: Eime F. Flora Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE-3A
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Answer the following questions:

We need to study the history of science and technology because. We need1 to study the history
of science and technology because.
is a growing field that draws on the full range of disciplines in the social sciences and
humanities to examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped by, our
society, politics, and culture. We study contemporary controversies, historical transformations,
policy dilemmas, and broad philosophical questions. The graduate program prepares students
to be productive and publicly-engaged scholars, advancing research and making a difference.
1. List down 3 inventions you know for each period:
a) Ancient Period
- Paper
b) Middle Period
- Mechanical Clock
c) Modern Age
- Telescope
2. List down Filipino Invention you know and their inventor.
a) FLORESCENT BY AGAPITO FLORES
b) INCUBATOR BY FE DEL MUNDO
c) KARAOKE SING ALONG SYSTEM BY ROBERTO DEL ROSARIO

3. Why do we need to recognize their inventions?

- Inventions are more important to make the human life easy. As the new inventions
come, the life style of people are completely changing. With the help of new
technologies we save lot of our costly time for other productive works, The great
importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. Innovation
shapes the way life is lived and it transcends culture.
- Each small innovation generated changes in his life and in everyone’s. Whether it is a
language system or a poem, they make the universe a different place. And all invented
inventions are part of our life from the time that they start to create different inventions.
4. How does these innovations invented?
- We must first have imagined it, that is, visualize the object we want to make appear or
exist. Many times, while we are building and materializing the  invention we come up with
new possibilities that come from direct contact with the created matter and then we
change the original idea again. This means that inventing is a process that is developing
step by step and that requires attention and sensitivity needed to detect improvements
that we had not considered in our first draft.

ENGAGE

Let us begin the lesson by doing the following activities. These activities will lead you
into exploring and discovering the concept of the topic.

Activity 2.1 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants!

Instructions: For this activity, students will count off from one to four until everyone is assigned
a number.
1. All students will be assigned a particular group of inventions depending on their random
number assignment: (1) Ancient Period, (2) Middle Ages, Modern Ages, and (4) Philippine
inventions.
2. On a 1/4 size illustration board, the students will draw, or paste a picture of an invention from
the assigned group of inventions besides those who already discussed in this lesson.
3. Each group should discuss their chosen inventions or innovations to avoid the same
inventions. Students should work independently.
4. At the back of the illustration board, students should place a 50 to 100 word write-up about
the invention that specifically addresses the following questions:
a) What is the invention?
b) How does it work? What tools existed prior to it?
c) What historical antecedent pushed it to made the invention?
d) What are the social, political, cultural, or economic impacts of your chosen inventions?
5. After making your individual activity, the students will present the inventions they have
chosen. You may employ creativity techniques in presentation, but the criteria for grading
should focus on the student’s ability to demonstrate understanding of the historical antecedents
of their chosen invention.
6. Students work will be graded using a rubric (see attached rubric on page )

Activity 2.1 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants!

Name: Eime F. Flora Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE-3A

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. How does Historical antecedent affect the development of science and technology?
- Historical antecedents in science and technology are factors that paved the way for the
presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today.
-Useful in science and technology, today’s generation can come up with informed
decisions on the proper application of science and technology to daily life.

2. Why do you think inventions will make our life easy?

- Invention will make our life easy because theirs a lot of invention that we use in our
everyday life example, cellphone for communication, vehicles for transportation, and
many more that we used in our daily life that can less hustle and more efforts.
3. How did scientist/inventors come up with such innovations/technology?e
By his limited physical capacity, the only way for the first humans to survive and thrive
was through primitive technology. Fossil bones of early human remains such as those from
China, Indonesia and Africa dated as far as 2 million years ago are accompanied by stones
selected or shaped to be used as tools. humans started to look for patterns, cycles and order in
the natural world not only to satisfy their curiosities but also defense mechanism against fears
and survival. With their brains they were able to remember, analyze, and organize information
from their natural environment.
4. What innovations do you think has great influence to your way of living? Why?
- Paper/ Papyrus is made from the pitch of the papyrus plant of the cyperus papyrus . It is
lightweighted, strong, durable, and most importantly, portable. It use, information
dissemination became exponentially faster. Records were kept and stood the test of
time. And also it is very important to us because this is the most important thing that
students have. It also very useful in our daily life, and it cannot be affect to our nature.

Reflections:

1. What do you think is your greatest challenge in making this activity? How did you addressed
it?
- In making this activity my greatest challenge on me is I can’t do my activity well because
theirs a lot of household chores that I need to finish, and my laptop is not cooperating to
me because of malfunction of and i cannot work this activity properly.
2. Give at least 2 realizations you had while doing the activity.
- I realize while doing this activity science is not dangerous but if you engage it to
technology it may cause a pollution if you used it improperly. And invention is not wrong
and mistake but the improper use of invention can may cause danger and pollution to
our land, and to all people.

3. How do you think this new perspective will affect you as a person?
- I think it has a good effect to me because it teach me on how to be creative and gives
me an ideas to be responsible human on h ow to used technology in a proper way and
responsible way.
 EXPLORE

Activity 2.2 Be an Inventor!

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________
Course/Section:

Instructions: In this task, you will address this question: “If you were an inventor, what would
you invent?” In thinking about an invention, make sure that you come up with one that has not
been invented yet but is possible to be invented in the near future. On the space below, sketch
a draft of your invention then answer the guide questions that follows.
 Key Inquiry Questions:

1. What is your invention? What does it do?

- My invention is what we called “Easy-Pack-Shoes”. We all know that the most hard
things to pack up was the shoes because its solid we cannot fold it, especially when we
have a travel in other places and we have a lot of clothes and this that we need to pun in
the baggage. And it lessen our efforts and hastleness.
2. How is your invention similar to or different from existing tools or technologies in terms of
function?
- It is similar to the existing shoes because it’s only a shoes but it is different because
unlike the other shoes it can fold and easy to pack up.
3. Why is there a need for this invention? How will this invention make the world a better place
to live in?
- We need this invention in the future because it has a big help and useful to us in order
lessen our efforts and it cannot causes a pollution that can destroy our mother nature.

Reflections:

1. How do you feel while doing the activity? Why?

- While doing this activity I feel happy because I enjoy on making my own invention plan
and I hope in the future it will be helpful and productive to us.
2. Why did you choose such invention?
- I choose this invention because I think It can help to us in our everyday life and I make
sure that I cannot destroy our nature and society.
3. How will this invention affect you a person?
- My invention is a way that I can be inventor in the future that may help our world be
productive. And help me to be more creative.

WORK SHEET FOR ACTIVE READING

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Think about the following questions and answer it in 2-3 sentences.

1. What does Historical antecedents means?
- Is the factors that paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated
scientific and technological innovations today. Knowledge of the history of science and
 technology is useful in science and technology, today’s generation can come up with
informed decisions on the proper application of science and technology to daily life.

2. How does science and technology evolved and affect society? Give specific example.
- Fossil bones of early human remains such as those from China, Indonesia and Africa
dated as far as 2 million years ago are accompanied by stones selected or shaped to be
used as tools. And when Science came later when humans started to look for patterns,
cycles and order in the natural world not only to satisfy their curiosities but also defense
mechanism against fears and survival.

3. In the Philippines, how does science and technology were shaped by society? Give specific
example.
-Philippines boasts of, its own history and tradition of scientific and technological
innovations. Filipinos have long been known for their ingenuity. Throughout Philippine History,
Filipinos are responsible for developing many scientific and technological innovations focused
on navigation, traditional shipbuilding, textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques,
and even cultural inventions. The following are some of the most important invention by Filipino
scientists. Electronic Jeepney (e-jeepney), Erythromycin, Medical Incubator, Mole Remover,
Banana Ketchup

ELABORATE
 Let us continue learning more and try to extend them through doing this activity.

Activity 2.3 Graphic Organizer

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Instructions: For this activity, students will count off to make a group of 7 or 8.
1. Make a graphic organizer of the significant events and interactions between S&T and society
throughout history. Research if necessary.
2. Each group is given 15-20 minutes to make this activity and 2-3 minutes for class
presentation.
3. Students work will be graded using a rubric (see attached rubric on page )

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. How does Science and Technology influence society?

- Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is
growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our
housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length
and quality of life itself, science has generated changes in the moral values and basic
philosophies of mankind. Science has changed how we live and what we believe. By
making life easier, science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such
as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice, to create cultures, and to improve human
conditions.

2. How does society shaped science and technology?

- Society helps determine how its resources are deployed to fund scientific work,
encouraging some sorts of research and discouraging others. Similarly, scientists are
directly influenced by the interests and needs of society and often direct their research
towards topics that will serve society. And at the most basic level, society shapes
scientists' expectations, values, beliefs, and goals — all of which factor into the
questions they choose to pursue and how they investigate those questions.
3. Why does science and technology evolved in such ways?

- Technology and science are prime examples of cumulative cultural evolution, with each
generation preserving and building upon the achievements of prior generations. A key
benefit of an evolutionary approach to technological or scientific change is “population
thinking,” where broad trends and patterns are explained in terms of individual-level
mechanisms of variation, selection, and transmission. And human-constructed
environments in technological evolution are explored, and factors are examined which
determine the varying rates of technological change over time: from intrinsic
characteristics of single technological traits, such as efficacy or manufacturing cost, to
larger social and population-level factors, such as population size or social institutions.

Reflections:

1. What challenges have you encountered while doing the activity? How did you addressed
them?
- While doing this activity I feel stress because of my laptop, I can’t do my activity well
because of malfunction of it. I’m very disappointed because I just wanted to finish this
module ahead of time.
2. What learning did you acquired?
- I learned from this activity is how science and technology very important to us, invention
and innovation is a good but if technology engage to science and if has improper use of
it is a dangerous impact and it can cause a pollution and destroy our world

3. How this activity affect you as a person using technology?

- By this activity I learned and gives me an ideas on how to use technology properly and
responsibly.

EVALUATE

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A
Multiple Choice: Read carefully the statements and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write it on the space provided.
B 1. How did society affect Science and Technology?
A. Humans change through time
B. Through the survival needs of the people
C. The alteration of environment
D. Through human conflicts
A 2. Why does antecedents needed to invent such technology?
A. Antecedents pushed humans to discover new things
B. Antecedents showed ways to invent new things
C. Antecedents are necessary human phenomenon
D. Antecedents can alter an invention
C 3. Which of the following inventions invented in the Modern Age?
A. Gun powder C. Computer
B. Plough D. Swords
C 4. Filipino inventions were product of what circumstance?
A. Natural calamities C. Necessity
B. Human conflict D. Resources
A 5. How does Science and Technology shaped society?
A. It provides the needs of the people
B. It unravels the mystery of science
C. It creates conflicts among people
D. It pushes people to be lazy

EXTEND
 Read the “Paradigm Shift” by Martyn Shuttleworth, Lyndsay T Wilson. You can access
this article at https://explorable.com/paradigm-shift. Prepare for a short sharing and discussion
next meeting. You may use this page for your notes.

NOTES
A paradigm shift is not limited to academics alone, but its effect ripples out into the public
consciousness, too. For example,  Darwin’s theories were intensely debated by scientists and
theologians. This debate spilled over into the public discourse, and newspapers became filled with
cartoons and caricatures of Darwin and his extraordinary new suggestions.

A paradigm shift is often the result of scientists working at the  fringe of that paradigm,
performing research that most other researchers feel is a little misguided, or a dead end. The weight
of scientific and public resistance to material that challenges a paradigm may mean that fringe ideas
are initially ridiculed. Kuhn believed that paradigm shifts are instigated by accumulated evidence
within a paradigm – “anomalies" – that are not adequately supported by current theories. When
these anomalies can no longer be ignored, the shift can be quick and total.

For example, Feigenbaum's explorations of chaos theory took a long time to take root, and his ideas
were originally marginalized, because they lay outside the established classical paradigm of physics.
Early chaos theorists had difficulty securing  funding, finding supervisors, or getting journals to
publish their research.

Normal science" continues for a long time, until some experiments begin uncovering inconsistencies,
the basic and fundamental principles may be shown to be inadequate and there is a paradigm shift,
i.e. “revolutionary science." While normal science entails gathering more data, revolutionary science
entails looking at the same data but in a completely different way.

Roman mathematician and astrologer Claudius Ptolemy’s fixation on the paradigm of his time
created problems. Ptolemy, in common with most Ancient Greek philosophers, believed that the
earth was at the center of the universe (geocentrism), and that the sun and other planets revolved
around it. The empirical observations did not entirely fit this view. Some planets, when their positions
were measured, appeared to move backwards relative to others, a retrograde motion. Copernicus
postulated that the sun was at the center of the solar system (heliocentrism), which was regarded as
the center of the universe at that time.

Copernicus did not completely find the answer, because his model still required epicycles, and he
had no inkling that orbits were elliptical, and not the perfect circles that convention dictated.

Mathematics and theory was cleaner, and supported by Occam’s razor. With Galileo, and the
invention of the telescope, the model fell more neatly into place, and the first fairly accurate model of
the universe emerged. The paradigm shifted, and it was only the resistance of the church that
prevented immediate adoption. It was onto this foundation that Newtonian physics was built.
 Poor Ptolemy is often used as a metaphor for bad science and irrationality, but this is unfair, and a
fallacious argument from superiority. Using the equipment he had available, with no telescopes and
limited mathematics, there was little wrong with Ptolemy’s theories or methods. Copernicus, Galileo
and Newton had a lot of respect for him, so the modern world must be careful not to judge Ptolemy
harshly, or assume that paradigm shifts imply some sort of judgment passed on work that preceded
it.

The problem is if they stubbornly cling to their theories, and succumb to  confirmation bias. However,
criticism for out dated science does force us in the modern age to closely question our own
assumptions. What will be the paradigm shift that catches the leading scientists of today by
surprise?
Lesson 3. Intellectual Revolutions
111111111

ELICIT

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Answer the following questions:

1. What do you mean by Intellectual Revolutions?
- It is worth noting that these revolutions are, in themselves, paradigm shifts. These shifts
resulted from a renewed and enlightened understanding of how the universe behave and
function. This section focuses on three of the most important ones that altered the way
humans view science and its impacts on society: the Copernican, Darwinian, and
Freudian Revolutions.

2. Give information about the contribution of the following famous individuals:

a) Nicolaus Copernicus
- The contribution of the Copernican revolution is far reaching. It is served as a catalyst to
sway scientific thinking away from age – long views about the position of the Earth
relative to an enlightened understanding of the universe. The Heliocentric model was
eventually caught on among other astronomers who further refined the model and
contributed to the recognition of Heliocentrism.
b) Charles Darwin
- Darwin theory of evolution was, of course, met with resistance and considered to be
controversial. Darwin’s observational skills as a scientist were extraordinary that moved
beyond the realms of plants and animals into the realms of humans. His book The
Descent of Man was so impressive yet very controversial. He introduced the idea of all
organic life, including human beings, under the realm of evolutionary thinking. Darwin
truly remarkable was his courage to challenge religious and unscientific ideas that are
deemed to be prominent during those days. His unorthodox way of pursuing science
gave more value to evidence-based science. Darwin provided a different framework for
doing scientific activities. It is a science marked by observation and experiment.
 c) Sigmund Freud
- Freud developed psychoanalysis – a scientific method of understanding inner and
unconscious conflicts embedded within one personality, springing from free
associations, dreams, and fantasies of the individual. His method of psychoanalysis was
proven to be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that were not
understood by medicine at that time. His method was unorthodox focusing on human
sexuality and the evil nature of man. This posed immense challenges to scholars and
ordinary citizens of his time. To some, they found his ideas not easy especially in his
explanations of human sexuality.

3. How do you think social and human issues influence science?

- Social and human issues influence science in the sense that they may prompt scientific
studies aimed at solving them. For example, the recent coronavirus pandemic is a social
issue that has resulted in countless scientific efforts aimed at combating the disease.
Social and human issues also influence the social sciences, such as poverty among
certain people resulting in economic studies pertaining to their behaviors. Science is
supposed to be objective and isolated from politics, but political debates surrounding
climate change and other scientific issues demonstrate that this is simply not the case in
practice.
 ENGAGE

Let us begin the lesson by doing the following activities. These activities will lead you
into exploring and discovering the concept of the lesson.

Activity 3.1 Simulation through Videos: The Great Revolutions.

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Instructions: For this activity, students will count off to make a group 10 members each.
1. Research and explain the “Revolutions” in Science and Technology without reporting.
2. Given 10-15 minutes of creative presentation.
Group 1 – Copernican
Group 2 – Darwinian
Group 3 – Freudian
Group 4 - Information
3. Students work will be graded using a rubric (see attached rubric on page )
 Key Inquiry Questions:

1. How did your assigned revolution affect science , technology and society?
- Those revolution affect science, technology and society by The contribution of the
Copernican revolution is far reaching. It is served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking
away from age – long views about the position of the Earth relative to an enlightened
understanding of the universe.
- The Darwinian revolution benefited from the earlier intellectual revolution especially
those in the 16th and 17th centuries, such that it was guided by confidence in human
reason’s ability to explain phenomena in the universe. Darwin theory of evolution was, of
course, met with resistance and considered to be controversial. Critics the theory of
being either short in accounting the broad and complex evolutionary process or
dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organisms was a manifestation of the
omniscient God. The Darwinian Revolution can be likened to the Copernican revolution
in its demonstration of the power of the laws of nature in explaining biological
phenomena of survival and reproduction.
- Sigmund Freud, is credited for stirring a 20th century intellectual revolution named after
him, the Freudian Revolution. Freud developed psychoanalysis – a scientific method of
understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded within one personality,
springing from free associations, dreams, and fantasies of the individual.
2. Why do we need to understand such revolutions?
- Because Traditionally, social scientists have looked at factors such as a country’s
economic situation or the strength of the government in power to predict where
revolutions will happen and why.

3. In what way these revolutions affect your life? Give specific example.
- Revolution is very important to us because we have nothing today. Our world not like we
are living today. Example are the transportation if you compare it from the past it has a
big differences compare it today.
 Reflections:
Reflections:
1. How did you feel working with the great revolutionist in science history?
- While working with the great revolutionist in science history was I feel that I’m inspired
from is happening from the past many years.
2. How did you work and discuss with your group mates?
- I work this activity by myself because its hard to make a groupings in my other
classmates.
3. What are your contributions to the group?
- All answer and efforts in this activity is my own.

EXPLORE

Activity 3.2 SmartArt Picture Making: Timeline of Great Civilizations!

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A
Instructions: Students will work in a small group of 3-5 members.
1. Review and Summarized the lecture notes on The Cradles of Early Sciences. Research for
more details and information.
2. Make a Timeline for the Great Civilizations who contributed in the development of Science
and Technology.
3. You are free to used any media or means of presentation. (E.g. Smart Art Pictures)
4. Each group are given 3 minutes of presentation in the class.
5. Students work will be graded using a rubric (see attached rubric on page )

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. How did these civilizations made their contributions?

- These civilizations were incomparable in terms of their contributions to the development
of knowledge during their time.

2. How did they contribute to the development of science and technology? Can you give specific
example?
- The contributions to science and technology and to the society example are Mandatory
Education. The Aztec puts value on education; that is why their children are mandated
to get education regardless of their social class, gender, or age. It is an early form of
universal or inclusive education.
- Chocolates. The Aztec in Mexico developed chocolate during their time. In the Mayan
culture, they used it as currency. The Aztec valued the cacao beans highly and made
it as part of their tribute to their gods.

3. What can you infer from the timeline you made?

I just answer those following questions and I did not made a timeline.

Reflections:
1. What was the challenges you encountered while doing this activity? How did you addressed
them?
- While I’m doing this activity we all know that we cannot avoid those different problems
like lack of internet connection I cannot research those different quiress. And also its
hard to communicate to my other classmates to cooperate well from those group
activities, but I always give my best to work and answer and finish this activity.
2. How do you feel while sharing ideas to your group and to your classmates?
- I choose to work by my self because it’s hard to work and communicate with my
classmate its so sad but i also give my best to do this activity well
3. What did you realized after doing the activity?
- While doing this activity I realize that how hard the situation is you should always do your
best to be better person. And you should give your all patients when you doing
something.

WORK SHEET FOR ACTIVE READING

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Think about the following questions and answer it in 2-3 sentences.

1. Do you think religion should intervene in scientific activities? Why or why not?

No, I think church should not or rather they should respect and support the drive of those people
to make use of their knowledge and expertise as a means of finding improvements and
advancements of our current living.

Church is different subject since its knowledge and understanding is mainly from their beliefs
and religion. God being the supreme being that created all, while if it is science the world
probably was created due to the result of some collision and other chain reacting ways. In
Church there is a strict rule of being a human to others and to find our spiritual purpose.

2. How did society shape science and how did science shape society? Give specific example.
It is served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking away from age – long views about the
position of the Earth relative to an enlightened understanding of the universe. This
marked the beginning of the modern astronomy. Scientist working on a biological
approach in studying human behavior criticized psychoanalysis for lack of vitality and
bordering on being unscientific as a theory.

3. How did early civilizations develop their science and technology? How this development
shaped their society?
- The Maya civilization is one of the famous civilizations that for approximately 2000
years. These people are known for their works in astronomy.
They are also famous as one of the world's first civilizations to use writing system known
as the Mayan hieroglyphics. They were also skilled in mathematics and created a number
system based on a numerical 20, Moreover, they independently developed the concept of zero
and positional value, even before the Romans did.

The Inca Civilization is also famous in Mesoamerica. The Incas made advanced
scientific ideas considering their limitations as an old civilization.

Inca the Aztec Civilization has also made substantial contributions to science and
technology and to the society as a whole.

- Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilizations. It is
a host to many cultural, economic, scientific and political activities of all ages. In the field
of science, technology and mathematics, great civilizations have stood out; India, China,
 and the Middle East civilizations. These civilizations were incomparable in terms of their
contributions to the development of knowledge during their time.
- Ancient India is also known for their mathematics. Bisht (1982) noted that the earliest
traces of mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent appeared in the Indus
Valley Civilization. The people of these civilisations, according to Bisht (9182), tried to
standardize measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and designed a ruler.
- China is one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many areas of
life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and music among
others. Chinese civilizations have greatly influenced many of its neighbor countries like
Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and other countries
that belong to the old Silk Road.
- Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources. Science also emerged in this part
of the planet long before the Europeans colonized it. The histories of science and
mathematics show that similar to other ancient civilizations in Africa are knowledge
producers.
- The ancient Egyptian civilizations has contributed immensely and made significant
advances in the fields of astronomy, mathematics and medicine.

ELABORATE
 Let us continue learning more and try to extend them through doing this activity.

Activity 3.3 SmartArt Process Making

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Instructions: For this activity, students will work individually.

1. Choose a particular scientific work or invention.
2. Create a Flow Chart (Smart Art Process) that shows how society is transformed by science
and technology.You may focus on specific technology that greatly shaped society and vice
versa.
3. Student are given 20 minutes to do the activity.
4. Students will have 1minute for presentation in the Class.
5. Students work will be graded using a rubric (see attached rubric on page )

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. What scientific work did you choose? Why did you choose it?
- The scientific work I choose is the cycle of how our society transformed into science and
technology and how society influenced and shaped the science and technology and how
science and technology shape the society.
2. How did society transformed this work?
- Society transformed by the connection and cycle from society with the support of values-
needs-environment and economy to science with investigating the natural world to
scientific knowledge to society with scientist have learned about the natural world to
engineers to society that creates the designed world to technology that products and
processes created by the engineers go back to the society.
3. What contributions does it give to our society?
- The contribution that it gives to our society was making our society become a high tech
and gives a lot changes that makes our life easier that before.
4. Why do you think this relationship exists between science, technology and society?
- This relationship exists between science, technology and society because if the
relationship between them did not exist this is not the life we have today. We don’t have
nothing to use of what things we have today.

Reflections:

1. How did you choose your invention?

- I choose my invention by my imagination, and creativity and by making plans and
creativity I created a useful and helpful thing in our life.
2. What makes this invention worthwhile?
- This invention was very important because all people are using this, but I create a way to
be creative and it has a big help to us to avoid hassle in our life.
3. How did you feel while doing this activity? Why?
- While doing this activity I enjoy because you have a chance to create your own invention
that possibly created in the future.
-

EVALUATE

Name: EIME FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A
Multiple Choice: Read carefully the statements and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write it on the space provided.
A_ 1. Why does Intellectual Revolutions are greatly recognized?
A. Intellectual revolutions explained how universe works
B. Intellectual revolutions brings disorientation
C. Intellectual revolutions brought discoveries
D. All of the above
B 2. The Theory of Evolution was proposed by who?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Charles Darwin
C. Nicolas Copernicus
D. Galileo Galilee
B 3. How does Intellectual Revolutions exist in other civilizations?
A. It is brought by the richness of society
B. It occurs as society and people needs urged
C. Intellectual Revolutions exists because of technology
D. Intellectual Revolutions are results of natural phenomenon
C 4. How did early civilization came up with great contributions?
A. The ancient people was fun of making discoveries
B. The ancient people reflect to their consciousness
C. The ancient people was determined to make their lives easy
D. The ancient people have advance science and technology
A 5. Why does innovations evolved into a much better technology?
A. Innovations evolved because of the arising needs of the people and the society
B. Innovations evolved because of the existing science and technology
C. Innovations evolved because of the intellectual capacity of the people
D. Innovations evolved because of the natural law of the universe

EXTEND
 Watch the Scientific Revolution at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzo8vnxSARg.
Write notes about the things you have learned from the video. You may use the space below.
Prepare for a Sharing Discussion next meeting.

NOTES

Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution, drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and
17th centuries. A new view of nature emerged during the Scientific Revolution, replacing the
Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Science became
an autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology, and it came to be
regarded as having utilitarian goals. By the end of this period, it may not be too much to say that
science had replaced Christianity as the focal point of European civilization. Out of the ferment
of the Renaissance and Reformation there arose a new view of science, bringing about the
following transformations: the reeducation of common sense in favour of abstract reasoning; the
substitution of a quantitative for a qualitative view of nature; the view of nature as
a machine rather than as an organism; the development of an experimental,  scientific
method that sought definite answers to certain limited questions couched in the framework of
specific theories; and the acceptance of new criteria for explanation, stressing the “how” rather
than the “why” that had characterized the Aristotelian search for final causes.

The growing flood of information that resulted from the Scientific Revolution put heavy strains
upon old institutions and practices. It was no longer sufficient to publish scientific results in an
expensive book that few could buy; information had to be spread widely and rapidly. Natural
philosophers had to be sure of their data, and to that end they required independent and critical
confirmation of their discoveries. New means were created to accomplish these ends. Scientific
societies sprang up, beginning in Italy in the early years of the 17th century and culminating in
the two great national scientific societies that mark the zenith of the Scientific Revolution:
the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, created by royal charter in 1662,
and the Académie des Sciences of Paris, formed in 1666. In these societies and others like
them all over the world, natural philosophers could gather to examine, discuss, and criticize new
discoveries and old theories. To provide a firm basis for these discussions, societies began to
publish scientific papers.

The Scientific Revolution began in astronomy. Although there had been earlier discussions of
the possibility of Earth’s motion, the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to
propound a comprehensive heliocentric theory equal in scope and predictive capability
to Ptolemy’s geocentric system. Motivated by the desire to satisfy Plato’s dictum, Copernicus
was led to overthrow traditional astronomy because of its  alleged violation of the principle
of uniform circular motion and its lack of unity and harmony as a system of the world. Relying on
virtually the same data as Ptolemy had possessed, Copernicus turned the world inside out,
putting the Sun at the centre and setting Earth into motion around it.  Copernicus’s theory,
published in 1543, possessed a qualitative simplicity that Ptolemaic astronomy appeared to
lack. To achieve comparable levels of quantitative precision, however, the new system became
just as complex as the old. Perhaps the most revolutionary aspect of Copernican astronomy lay
in Copernicus’s attitude toward the reality of his theory. In contrast to  Platonic instrumentalism,
Copernicus asserted that to be satisfactory astronomy must describe the real, physical system
of the world.

The 17th-century contributions to mechanics of the French philosopher René Descartes, like his
contributions to the scientific endeavour as a whole, were more concerned with problems in the
foundations of science than with the solution of specific technical problems. He was principally
concerned with the conceptions of matter and motion as part of his general program for science
—namely, to explain all the phenomena of nature in terms of matter and motion. This program,
known as the mechanical philosophy, came to be the dominant theme of 17th-century science.
Lesson 4. Science and Technology and Nation Building

ELICIT

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Answer the following questions:

1. Name at least 3 Filipino scientists and their inventions?
 Ramon Cabanos Barba - for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine
mangoes
 Josefino Cacas Camiso - for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by
using satellite images
 Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. - known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; was
elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

2. Why is Science and Technology important in developing our Nation?

- Science and technology in the Philippines had its beginning during the pre-colonial
times. During this period, people used herbal medicine to treat illness. To facilitate
trading, the Filipinos made use of writing, numerical, measurement and calendar
systems. Farming, fishing, mining and weaving were the livelihood skills developed by
Filipinos. Filipinos developed for livelihood purposes resulted in majestic architectural
design that managed to attract world attention like the Banaue Rice Terraces of Ifugao.
3. List 2 Government Policy you know that pertains to Science and Technology in the
Country
 Establishing more branches of the Philippine High School System for training
young Filipinos in the field of Science and technology.
 Creating science and technology parks to encourage academe and industry
partnerships.
4. Explain Indigenous Science.
- Indigenous science is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by different
groups of people and early civilizations (Gribbin, 2001; Mkapa, 2004; Sibisi, 2004). It
includes complex arrays of knowledge, expertise, practices, and representation that
guide human societies in their enumerable interactions with the natural milieu:
agriculture, medicine, naming and explaining natural phenomena, and strategies for
coping with changing environments (Pawilen, 2005). Pagawa (1995) claimed that it is
collectively lived in and experienced by the people of a given culture.
- Indigenous science is composed of traditional knowledge practiced and values by the
people and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine, indigenous farming
methods and folk astronomy. Indigenous science is important in the development of
science and technology in the Philippines. Indigenous science helped the people in
understanding the natural environment and in coping with everyday life. UNESCO’s
Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge (1999) recognized
indigenous science as a historical and valuable contribution to science and technology.
 ENGAGE

Let us begin the lesson by doing the following activities. These activities will lead you
into exploring and discovering the concept of the lesson.

Activity 4.1 SmartArt Picture Making (Group Work)

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Instruction:
1. Students will be grouped with 5 members.
2. Research and Read about the Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines
3. Produce a Timeline showing the role of Science and Technology in Philippine Nation Building
throughout history.
4. You can used any kind of materials and/or any kind of media .
5. You will be given 3 minutes to present your output

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. What do you think are the strength of S&T in our country? How about its weaknesses?
 Establishment of national center and excellence
 Manpower and institutional development program, such as the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering
 Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country
in different research and development areas
  Establishment of science and technology business centers to assist, advice, and
incubate technopreneurship ventures.
 Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science High
School system.

2. What Historical events shaped S&T in the country?

- History of science and technology in the Philippines started way back before the country
gained its independence for the American colonizers. Philippines, being one of the
centers of global trade in Southeast Asia during that time, was considered to be one of
the most developed places in the region. the superstitious beliefs of the people and the
Catholic doctrines during the Spanish Era halted the growth of science in the country.
Americans have more influence in the development of science and technology in the
Philippines compared to the Spaniards. They established the public education system,
improved the engineering works and the health conditions of the people. They
established a modern research university, the University of the Philippines, and created
more public hospitals than the former colonial master. The mineral resources of the
country were also explored and exploiting during the American times. Transportation and
communications system were improved, though not accessible throughout the country.
And so on.

3. How did S&T contributed in the development of our country? Cite specific example.
- It is always shaped by human and social activities, both internal and external. Science
and technology may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in the
development of the Philippine society. However, improving the quality of science
education to graduate education is improving slowly and there are only few students
enrolling in science and technology courses.
 Reflections:

1. What did you feel while doing this activity especially during your discussions with your group
mates? Is this activity worthwhile? Why or Why not?
- While doing this activity it’s slightly difficult because I can’t focus because of malfunction
of my laptop. It’s hard also to communicate with others because of poor of internet
connection. And also all of us have a task or household chores that we need to do on
time. Yes, this activity was worthwhile because this is very important to learn and study
to help us to be much educated in term of science and technology.

2. What have you realized in this activity?

- While dealing with this activity that you should read and understand those topics and
question to understand easily and answer it correctly to finish it early.

3. What part of the History of S&T you like most? How about the least you like? Why?
- What I like the most in the history of science and technology is about from the time of
former President Ferdinand Marcos, because, He mandated the department of
education and culture, now known as the department of education (DepEd), to promote
science courses in the public high schools. Additional budget for research projects in
applied science and science education was granted by Marcos. The 35-hectare lot in
Bulacan, Taguig was proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippines Science community, now the
site of Department of Science and technology (DOST). From his time all technological
equipment and materials was started, and from his time Philippines was very rich. Than
the other country.
 EXPLORE

Activity 4.2 Group Work Discussion: The Philippine S&T Innovations

Instructions: In a group of 5 members. Choose a Filipino scientist and inventor, identify the
impact of his/her innovations and discoveries. Deliver the questions below using a PowerPoint
Presentation.
1. List down the impacts of these inventions and discoveries in society?
 The technology he developed has been adopted not only by Filipino fish farmers but by
other fish farmers in other parts of the globe.
 Guerrero, R. D. III. 1983. A comparative study on the cage culture of Tilapia nilotica and
male T. nilotica x female T. aurea hybrid in Laguna de Bay. Paper presented at the 5th
Annual Meeting of the Nations Science Technical Authority, Bicutan, Metro Manila.6p.
 Guerrero, R. D. III and L.A. Guerrero. 1985. Effect of breeder size on fry production of
Nile tilapia in concrete pools. Trans. Nat. Acad. Sci. Tech. (Phils.) 7:63-66.
 Guerrero, R. D. III and L.A. Guerrero. 1985. Further observations on the fry production of
Oreochromis niloticus in concrete tanks. Aquaculture 47:257-261.
 Guerrero, R. D. III. 1985. Tilapia farming in the Philippines: practices, problems and
prospects, p. 3-13. In I.R. Smith, E, B. Torres and E. O. Tan (eds.). Philippine tilapia
economics. ICLARM conference Proceedings 12, 261p. Philippine Council for
Agriculture and Resources Research and Development, Los Baños, Laguna and
ICLARM, Manila Philippines.
 Guerrero, R. D. III. 1987. Tilapia farming in the Philippines. Technology and Livelihood
Resource Center and National Book Store, Manila, Philippines. 84p.

2. How did the government supported such innovations?

- The Philippine Congress has also created various laws related to science and
technology. These laws serve as a legal framework for science and technology in the
country. These laws vary according to different themes such as: conservation, health-
related, technology-building, and supporting basic research, among others. Some laws
and policies are in line with international treaties such as the United Nation (UN), United
 Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other international agencies.

3. What are the contributions of these innovations in the community? Give specific examples.
- Science and technology may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in the
development of the Philippine society. However, improving the quality of science
education to graduate education is improving slowly and there are only few students
enrolling in science and technology courses.
 WORK SHEET FOR ACTIVE READING

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Think about the following questions and answer it in 2-3 sentences.

1. List the contributions of the following colonizers in the development of science and
technology in our country.
Spanish Era: - Spaniards colonized the country, they brought with them their own
culture and practices. They established schools for bits and girls and introduced the concept of
subjects and disciplines. It was the beginning of formal science and technology in the country,
known now as school of science and technology. Life during Spanish era slowly became
modernized, adapting some Western technology and their ways of life. The Filipinos developed
ways to replicate the technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials. Medicine
and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities by the Catholic
orders.

Japanese Era: - Japan was also concentrated on building highways, and in providing
technological training and human resource development in the country.

American Era: - Americans have more influence in the development of science and
technology in the Philippines compared to the Spaniards. They established the public education
system, improved the engineering works and the health conditions of the people. They
established a modern research university, the University of the Philippines, and created more
public hospitals than the former colonial master. Americans did everything to “Americanize” the
Philippines. They reorganized the learning of science and introduced it in public and public and
private schools. In basic education, science education focuses on nature sciences and science
and sanitation, until it became a subject formally known as "Science".
2. Give specific contribution of a Filipino Scientist and how this innovation contributed to the
development of S&T of the country?
- Rafael Dineros Guerrero III - for his research on tilapia culture. He observed that one of
the most prominent problems in tilapia culture is overpopulation. Tilapia matures after
two to three months from its fry stage and can produce as much as 5,000 eggs every
three months depending on its size. And he was successful.
Now, the technology he developed has been adopted not only by Filipino fish farmers but by
other fish farmers in other parts of the globe.

3. How does S&T contributed to the development of the Philippines? Give an example.
Science and technology may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in the
development of the Philippine society. However, improving the quality of science education to
graduate education is improving slowly and there are only few students enrolling in science and
technology courses. Shaped by several factors and influences. Like in the history of science in
other countries, it is always shaped by human and social activities, both internal and external.

4. How does Indigenous Knowledge can contribute to the development of the country?

- Indigenous knowledge is embedded in the daily life experiences of young children as

they grow up. They live and grow in a society where the members of the community
prominently practice indigenous knowledge. Their views about nature and their
reflections on their experiences in daily life are evident in their stories, poems and songs.
- Some examples of indigenous knowledge that are taught and practiced by the
indigenous people are:
a) predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing animals’
behaviour and celestial bodies;
b) using herbal medicine;
c) preserving foods;
d) classifying plants and animals into families and groups based on cultural properties;
e) preserving and selecting good seeds for planting;
f) using indigenous technology in daily lives;
 ELABORATE

Activity 4.3 Policy Review

Name: EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________
Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Instruction:
1. Read the HNRDA 2017-2022 and make a Position paper of 120-150 words.
Use this link: ..\Phil.S&T agenda\Harmonized_National_RD_Agenda_2017-2022_final_v2.pdf
2. Focus on a specific Agenda.
3. Use A4, normal margin, 1.5 spacing.

National Integrated Basic Research Agenda (NIBRA) 2017-2022

The National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP), a collegial body of over four
thousand researchers, scientists, and experts, is mandated to promote and support fundamental
and basic research in the country as provided in the 9th Philippine Legislature Act No. 4120
passed on 8 December 1933. It is likewise mandated to provide advice on problems and issues
of national interest. Along this line, the NRCP supports research that is directed primarily
towards developing a new and fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of any subject which
may or may not have practical applications. Basic research results from intellectual curiosity
aimed at proving the unknown, or it may seek new knowledge required for practical application
in the future (Ref: Science Act of 1958 as amended by RA 3589). For 2017-2022, the NRCP’s
National Integrated Basic Research Agenda (NIBRA) will prioritize fundamental research in
support of the Philippine Development Plan, the National Security Plan, and the Science for
Change Program led by the Department of Science and Technology. It has six issue-based
NIBRA programs, namely:
 Water Security – TUBIG Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)
 Food and Nutrition Security – SAPAT Program (Saganang Pagkain Para sa Lahat)
 Health Sufficiency – LIKAS Program (Likas Yaman sa Kalusugan)
 Clean Energy – ALERT Program (Alternative Energy Research Trends)
  Sustainable Community – SAKLAW Program (Saklolo sa Lawa)
 Inclusive Nation-building – ATIN program (Ang Tinig Natin)
The NIBRA is a product of a series of consultations and forums which started in 2016. The
thirteen disciplinal Divisions of NRCP generated their respective basic research agenda.
The divisions’ basic research agenda were further harmonized by the NRCP clusters before the
NIBRA was approved by the Governing Board and confirmed by the General Membership
Assembly

National Integrated Basic Research Agenda (NIBRA) 2017-2022

MALASAKIT Reduced Inequality KAUNLARAN Expanding Growth PAGBABAGO Enhancing the

Potential social fabric
R

Inclusive Nation-
Food and Building
Health Sustainable
Water Security Nutrition Clean Energy
Sufficiency Communities
Security
Data Collection
and Analysis of
Fundamental Social
Watershed Biodiversity Vulnerable
Studies on Phenomena
studies studies Alternative Energy Ecosystems
Potential Sources
of Natural
Products
Documentation of
Water quality, Food safety Data Analytics of Indigenous
accessibility
Natural Knowledge
and availability
Basic Veterinary Phenomena
Studies

Environment and Education

Social Dimensions Anthropogenic
on Health Activities

National Security
and Sovereignty
 Arts, History and
Culture

Key Inquiry Questions:

1. What Agenda did you choose and Why?

- The agenda that I’d choose is the FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY because the
most important and number one (1) need to all people in the world, to our life is the
proper food nutrition, it is very important to be responsible of what we eat every day. To
be able to have a healthy and strong body. And to avoid in different disease in our body.
2. What specific topic/issue you would like to address by the government and why? Do you think
this will give a positive impact to the development of our country?
- Food and Nutrition Security because it is very important to us that have a proper nutrition
and a safety and healthy food that we take every day, yes it will give positive impact to
the development of our country because the most primary needs of all living is the foods,
so we should have a safety, clean and healthy foods.
3. Do you agree with the current S&T policies/thrusts/agenda of the government? Why or why
not?
- Yes, because all of the possible needs of all people in everyday life are already in the
agenda that we need to promote and develop in order to successful and productive. And
that must be good in order to develop our ways of learning and living at the same time.
 Reflections:

1. What are the things you knew before reading the article?
- While reading the article it’s all about the programs that can help us in our everyday life
that can also give a positive impact to the development of our country.
2. After reading, what are your realizations?
- After reading the article I’d realize that if all of agenda will implemented our country or
world is going to very nice and productive.

3. How do you feel doing this activity?

- While doing this activity its so nice because i realize that no matter how hard the this
activity if you surrender you will be useless all your efforts. So no matter how hard the
situation is and how pain you feel do not give up. Until you finish it.

EVALUATE

Name:EIME F. FLORA Date Submitted: __________________

Course/Section: BTVTE_3A

Multiple Choice: Read carefully the statements and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write it on the space provided.
A 1. Which of the following scientists who was notable for the research on sea snail
venom?
A. Lourdes January Cruz
B. Gregory Ligot Tangonan
 C. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.
D. Ramon Cabanos Barba
B 2. This was established to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home and work
in the Philippines or conduct research and projects.
A. Science and Technology Parks C. Philippine Science High School System

B. Balik Scientist Program D. Overseas Development Aid

A 3. It uses process skills such as observing, comparing, measuring, and problem solving
but guided with culture and community values.
A. Indigenous science C. Scientific method
B. Experiments D. Localization
D 4. This project aims to develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and
technological knowledge, skills and values.
A. Regional Science High School System
B. Special Science Elementary Schools Project
C. Philippine Science High School System
D. All of the above
D 5. Why is Indigenous Science important in the development of our community?
A. It guides the people to industrial development
B. It gives knowledge to sustain science and technology
C. It helps science and technology contributes to society
D. It helps the people cope in everyday life

EXTEND

Research and make a list of at least three Indigenous Knowledge you have in
your community. Write it in a short bond paper, normal margin, 1.5 spacing, and use
Arial 11. You may consider the following questions on doing your report:
 Adaptive. It is based on historical experiences but adapts to social, economic,
environmental, spiritual and political changes. Adaptation is the key to survival.
 Holistic. All aspects of life are interconnected, are not considered in isolation but as a
part of the whole. The world is believed to be an integral whole. Indigenous knowledge
incorporates all aspects of life - spirituality, history, cultural practices, social interactions,
language, healing.
 Humble. Indigenous knowledge does not dictate how to control nature but how to live in
harmony with the gifts of the Creator.
 Responsible. Indigenous Peoples generally believe they are responsible for the
well-being of the natural environment around them.

1. What is it all about?

It is all about the understandings, skills and philosophies developed by societies with
long histories of interaction with their natural surroundings. 

2. How do you use them?

We, used them by shaping those social practices related to processes, can be better
understood by developing a narrative about their historical continuity across generations

in Indigenous Knowledge Systems. 

3. How does it help you and your community?

As a form of learning that takes place with initiative and access to abundant community
activities alongside more experienced and supportive peers and adults.
Indigenous knowledge includes a broad array of knowings that are often particular to
local communities and rooted in history yet which encompass a wide range of specific
practices, relationships, and cognitive understandings. Such knowledge(s) can be as
broad and abstract as learning what it means to be a member of a community through
the notion of respect or by participating in  el trueque (bartering) alongside neighboring
communities, or as specific as learning how to count, seriate, or to predict the weather.  

4. How does it reflect to your values and culture?

- Indigenous knowledge can help to develop sensitive and caring values and attitudes
and, thereby, promote a vision of a sustainable future. Indigenous communities have
lived in harmony with the environment and have utilized resources without impairing
nature's capacity to regenerate them.
- Indigenous knowledge shaped their values and attitudes towards environment, and it is
these attitudes and values, which have guided their actions and made then sustainable.
Indigenous knowledge is stored in culture in various forms, such as traditions, customs,
folk stories, folk songs, folk dramas, legends, proverbs, myths, etc. Use of these cultural
items as resources in schools can be very effective in bringing indigenous knowledge
alive for the students. Students will already be familiar with some aspects of indigenous
culture and, therefore, may find it interesting to learn more about it through these cultural
forms. It would also enable active participation as teachers could involve students in
collecting folk stories, folk songs, legends, proverbs, etc., that are retold in their
community.

5. How will this indigenous knowledge would contribute to the development of the
country?
- Indigenous knowledge is the basis for local level decision-making in food security,
human and animal health, education, NRM, and other vital economic and social
activities.
- Indigenous knowledge provides the basis for problem-solving strategies for local
communities, especially the poor. It represents an important component of global
knowledge on development issues. IK is an underutilized resource in the development
process. Learning from IK, by investigating first what local communities know and have,
can improve understanding of local conditions and provide a productive context for
activities designed to help the communities