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Danielle Dowling, Kathleen Mcgovern

This document discusses concepts in fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics. It provides equations for conservation of mass, conservation of energy (Bernoulli equation), the Navier-Stokes equations, and the arrested topographic wave equation. The arrested topographic wave equation models mean coastal circulation and resembles the heat diffusion equation. It determines how coastal constraints on fluid flow transition and how far those constraints reach.

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26 views17 pages

Danielle Dowling, Kathleen Mcgovern

This document discusses concepts in fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics. It provides equations for conservation of mass, conservation of energy (Bernoulli equation), the Navier-Stokes equations, and the arrested topographic wave equation. The arrested topographic wave equation models mean coastal circulation and resembles the heat diffusion equation. It determines how coastal constraints on fluid flow transition and how far those constraints reach.

Uploaded by

Melliy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Danielle Dowling, Kathleen McGovern

Continuum Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics Solid Mechanics

Newtonian Non-Newtonian Plastic Elastic

Rheology
•Shear stress is stress
that is applied parallel
or tangential to the
face of a material

•This is why fluids


take the shape of
their containers!
Vorticity: The tendency for elements of a fluid
to spin.

Where:
•Tau is the viscous stress tensor
•Rho is the density
•B is the body stress
•V is the velocity vector
Conservation of Mass: Mass cannot be created
nor destroyed2.
dM = ρi vi Ai dt - ρo vo Ao dt
ρ = density (kg/m3)

v = speed (m/s)

A = area (m2)

dt = increment of time (s)


Conservation of Energy: For incompressible,
non-viscous fluids, the sum of the pressure,
potential and kinetic energies per unit volume
is constant.

This takes the form of the Bernoulli equation, a


special case of the Euler equation:
Direction of Flow
(Greene’s Theorem)

Euler’s First
Equation!
•Modeling mean coastal circulation
of variable depth, Gabriel Csanady
derived the arrested topographic
wave equation by starting with
Euler’s first equation:
The general form of the continuity equation for
a conserved quantity is:

Where v is any vector function describing the


flux of Psi, and Psi is a conserved quantity.
Where:
•Rho is the density
•u is the fluid velocity
•Tau is the stress tensor
•b is the body forces, such as gravity, Coriolis
Effect, and centrifugal force
Where:
•u and v are velocity components
•K is the kinematic viscosity
•f is a Coriolis parameter
•Zeta is the dynamic height
•g is the gravitational constant
Where:
•F is the longshore component of the wind
stress
•h is the depth
•rv is the kinematic bottom stress
Physically, the constraints dictate that near shore,
the water moves along shore with the wind, while far
from shore, it moves perpendicular to the wind. The
solution of this equation determines the details of
how this transition takes place. It also determines
how far the coastal constraint on the flow reaches.
 Fluids can be modeled as continuous
materials that obey basic principles of
physics, such as conservation of mass and
momentum.
 Using these principles, scientists have derived
equations that describe motion of coastal
circulation.
 The arrested topographic wave equation is a
second order partial differential equation that
resembles the one-dimensional heat
diffusion equation.
1 http://www.btinternet.com/~martin.chaplin/images/hyvisco2.jpg
2http://docs.engineeringtoolbox.com/documents/182/law_mass_cons
ervation.png
3http://www.av8n.com/physics/img48/flow.png
4http://www.geohab.org/huntsman/csanady.html

5http://pong.tamu.edu/~rob/class/coastal_dyn/Reprints/csana
dy_JPO_1978.pdf

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